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WEL - Well Package

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WEL - Well Package

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Abbreviation in Name file

WEL

Purpose

The Well package is used to simulate a specified flux to individual cells and specified in units of length3/time.

Documentation

Harbaugh, A.W., 2005, MODFLOW-2005, the U.S. Geological Survey modular ground-water model -- the Ground-Water Flow Process: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 6-A16. https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/2005/tm6A16/

Related Packages

The Recharge package is used to simulate a specified flux distributed over the top of the model and specified in units of length/time.  Within MODFLOW, these rates are multiplied by the horizontal area of the cells to which they are applied to calculate the volumetric flux rates.
The Flow and Head Boundary package can be used to simulate a specified flux to particular cells specified in units of length3/time and varying as a function of time within stress periods.

Supported in

MODFLOW-2000
MODFLOW-2005
MODFLOW-LGR
MODFLOW-CFP
MODFLOW-NWT
MODFLOW-OWHM

Other Notes

Input Instructions

Input to the Well (WEL) Package is read from the file that has type "WEL" in the name file. Optional variables are shown in brackets. All variables are free format if the option “FREE” is specified in the Basic Package input file; otherwise, the non-optional variables have 10-character fields and the optional variables are free format.

FOR EACH SIMULATION

Data Set 0

[#Text]

Item 0 is optional—“#” must be in column 1. Item 0 can be repeated multiple times.

Text—is a character variable (199 characters) that starts in column 2. Any characters can be included in Text. The “#” character must be in column 1. Except for the name file, lines beginning with # are restricted to these first lines of the file. Text is printed when the file is read.

Data Set 1

[ PARAMETER NPWEL MXL]

This optional item must start with the word “PARAMETER”.

NPWEL—is the number of well parameters.

In MODFLOW-2005,-LGR, and -CFP the maximum number of allowed parametersis 2000.

 

MXL—is the maximum number of wells that will be defined using parameters.

 


 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Data Set 2a

MXACTW IWELCB [Option]

MXACTW—is the maximum number of wells in use during any stress period. MXACTW includes wells that are defined using parameters as well as wells that are defined without using parameters.

IWELCB—is a flag and a unit number.

If IWELCB > 0, it is the unit number to which cell-by-cell flow terms will be written when "SAVE BUDGET" or a non-zero value for ICBCFL is specified in Output Control.
If IWELCB = 0, cell-by-cell flow terms will not be written.
If IWELCB < 0, well recharge for each well will be written to the listing file when "SAVE BUDGET" or a non-zero value for ICBCFL is specified in Output Control.

Option—is an optional list of character values.

AUXILIARY abc” or “AUX abc”—defines an auxiliary variable, named "abc", which will be read for each well as part of Items 4 and 6. Up to 20 variables can be specified, each of which must be preceded by "AUXILIARY" or "AUX." These variables will not be used by the Groundwater Flow Process, but they will be available for use by other processes. The auxiliary variable values will be read after the Q variable.

Auxiliary parameters are used with MODPATH and the Groundwater Transport process.  In MODPATH, the variable IFACE is specified with an auxiliary parameter.  In the Groundwater Transport process, concentration is specified with an auxiliary parameter.  The option COMPACT BUDGET AUXILIARY must be used in the Output Control when IFACE is used for MODPATH.

NOPRINT”—suppresses the printing of cell lists.

Data Set 2b

Data set 2b can only be specified in versions of MODFLOW that include the NWT solver. PHIRAMP is only used if NWT is the selected solver. Otherwise, it is ignored.

[SPECIFY PHIRAMP IUNITRAMP]

SPECIFY is a keyword option used to specify a value for PHIRAMP. If SPECIFY is not specified then a default value of 0.05 is used.

PHIRAMP is the fraction of the cell thickness used as an interval for smoothly adjusting negative pumping rates to 0 for dry cells. Negative pumping rates are adjusted to 0 or a smaller negative value when the head in the cell is equal to or less than the calculated interval above the cell bottom (see equations 24 and 25 on page 14 of Niswonger and others, 2011).

Changes were made to report wells with reduced pumping due to dewatered conditions to a separate output file or to the main listing file. If the wells with reduced pumping rates are written to a separate output file then a file of type "DATA" must be included in the Name file with a unit number that matches the unit number specified in the Well file (following the variable PHIRAMP in Item 2b). For example, a value of PHIRAMP (see MODFLOW-NWT documentation report) of 0.3 and a unit number of 50 can be specified in the second line of the Well file using the key word "SPECIFY" as:

 

SPECIFY  0.3  50

 

The following line must be added to the Name file:

 

DATA     50    Reduced_wells.out

 

Thus, wells with reduced pumping will be written for each time step to the output file "Reduced_wells.out" with unit number 50. For example, wells with reduced pumping will be reported to file "reduced_wells.out" as:

 

 WELLS WITH REDUCED PUMPING FOR STRESS PERIOD     6 TIME STEP     2

   LAY   ROW   COL         APPL.Q          ACT.Q        GW-HEAD       CELL-BOT

     4    91    69  -0.104400E+04  -0.104399E+04   0.208142E+04   0.205380E+04

     4    91    69  -0.208800E+04  -0.208798E+04   0.208142E+04   0.205380E+04

     4    91    69  -0.208800E+04  -0.208798E+04   0.208142E+04   0.205380E+04

 

 

 WELLS WITH REDUCED PUMPING FOR STRESS PERIOD     6 TIME STEP     3

   LAY   ROW   COL         APPL.Q          ACT.Q        GW-HEAD       CELL-BOT

     4    91    69  -0.104400E+04  -0.967118E+03   0.207686E+04   0.205380E+04

     4    91    69  -0.208800E+04  -0.193424E+04   0.207686E+04   0.205380E+04

     4    91    69  -0.208800E+04  -0.193424E+04   0.207686E+04   0.205380E+04

Note that the following changes to the Well Package input no longer supports previous input files that read the key word option SPECIFY in Data Set 2B.

The input format for specifying the keyword (character) variable SPECIFY has changed. This character variable is now specified within the OPTIONS block that is specified between Data Set 0 and Data Set 1.

Repeat Items 3 and 4 for each NPWEL parameter.

Data Set 3

[PARNAM PARTYP Parval NLST [INSTANCES NUMINST]]

If PARNAM is to be a time-varying parameter, the keyword “INSTANCES” and a value for NUMINST must be entered.

PARNAM—is the name of a parameter. This name can consist of 1 to 10 characters and is not case sensitive. That is, any combination of the same characters with different case will be equivalent. All parameter names must be unique.

PARTYP—is the type of parameter. For the WEL Package, the only allowed parameter type is Q, which defines values of the volumetric recharge rate.

Parval—is the parameter value. This parameter value may be overridden by a value in the PVAL file.

NLST—is the number of wells that are included in a non-time-varying parameter or in each instance of a time-varying parameter.

INSTANCES – is an optional keyword that designates a parameter as time varying. The keyword is case-insensitive; that is, it may be entered in any combination of upper- and lower-case letters. If INSTANCES is present, it must be followed by a value for NUMINST. If INSTANCES is absent, PARNAM is non-time-varying and NUMINST should not be present.

NUMINST – is the number of instances that are included in the definition of a time-varying parameter, where each instance is a list of wells and associated properties. If the keyword INSTANCES is present, NUMINST must be present and must be at least 1. If the keyword INSTANCES is absent, NUMINST should not be present.

Data Set 4a

INSTNAM

Item 4a is read only if PARNAM is time-varying. NUMINST repetitions of Item 4 (parts a and b) are read. After each repetition of Item 4a, NLST repetitions of Item 4b are read.

INSTNAM – is the name of an instance associated with the parameter PARNAM specified in the corresponding Item 3. The name can consist of 1 to 10 characters and is not case sensitive. That is, any combination of the same characters with different case will be equivalent. Names entered for INSTNAM must be unique for any given parameter, but names may be reused for instances associated with different parameters.

Data Set 4b

Layer Row Column Qfact [xyz]

NLST repetitions of Item 4b are required; they are read by module ULSTRD. (SFAC of the ULSTRD utility module applies to Qfact).  The NLST repetitions of Item 4b follow each repetition of Item 4a when PARNAM is time-varying.

Layer—is the layer number of the model cell that contains the well.

Row—is the row number of the model cell that contains the well.

Column—is the column number of the model cell that contains the well.

Qfact—is the factor used to calculate well recharge rate from the parameter value. The recharge rate is the product of Qfact and the parameter value.

[xyz]—represents any auxiliary variables for a well that has been defined in Item 2. The auxiliary variables must be present in each repetition of Items 4 and 6 if they are defined in Item 2.

FOR EACH STRESS PERIOD

Data Set 5

ITMP NP

ITMP—is a flag and a counter.

If ITMP < 0, non-parameter well data from the last stress period will be reused.
If ITMP 0, ITMP will be the number of non-parameter wells read for the current stress period.

NP—is the number of parameters in use in the current stress period.

 

 


Data Set 6

Layer Row Column Q [xyz]

ITMP repetitions of Item 6 are read by module ULSTRD if ITMP > 0. (SFAC of the ULSTRD utility module applies to Q.) Item 6 is not read if ITMP is negative or zero.

Layer—is the layer number of the model cell that contains the well.

Row—is the row number of the model cell that contains the well.

Column—is the column number of the model cell that contains the well.

Q—is the volumetric recharge rate. A positive value indicates recharge and a negative value indicates discharge (pumping).

[xyz]—represents any auxiliary variables for a well that has been defined in Item 2. The auxiliary variables must be present in each repetition of Items 4 and 6 if they are defined in Item 2.

Data Set 7

[Pname [Iname]]

Item 7 is repeated NP times. It is not read if NP is negative or 0.  Iname is read if Pname is a time-varying parameter.

Pname—is the name of a parameter that is being used in the current stress period. NP parameter names will be read.

Iname – is an instance name that is read only if Pname is a time-varying parameter. Multiple instances of the same time-varying parameter are not allowed in a stress period.