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Analysis of Borehole-Radar Reflection Data from Machiasport, Maine, December 2003

USGS Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5087

Prepared in cooperation with the United States Army Corps of Engineers New England District

By Carole D. Johnson and Peter K. Joesten

CONTENTS

Abstract
Introduction
    Purpose and Scope
    Description of the Study Area
Borehole-Radar Reflection Method
    Principles of Borehole-Radar Reflection Logging
    Equipment and Field Methods
    Data Processing, Interpretation, and Visualization of Results
        Processing and Filtering of Radar Data
        Velocity and Radial Depth of Penetration
        Interpretation of Planar Reflectors
        Visualization of Radar Interpretations
Data from Boreholes at the Bucks Harbor Site
    Conventional Borehole-Geophysical Logs
    Integrated Analysis of Borehole-Radar Reflection Logs, Geophysical Logs, and Hydraulic Data
        Borehole MW09
        Borehole MW10
Results of Borehole Radar Surveys at the Bucks     Harbor Site
    Borehole Spacing for Tomography Surveys and Remediation
    Summary
    Acknowledgments
    References Cited

FIGURES

1. Map showing location of the boreholes at the former Air Force Radar Tracking Station in Machiasport, Maine
2. Schematic diagram showing methods of borehole-radar data collection
3. Schematic diagram showing (A) transmitter and receiving antenna arrangement for single-hole radar-reflection logging, and (B) typical reflection patterns from the direct arrival and planar and point reflectors
4. Schematic diagram of the borehole, a planar reflector, and the resulting radargram
5. Schematic diagram of stereographic projections
6. Plots showing graphic representation of interpretation of single-hole radar reflectors
7. Three-dimensional box plot showing all reflectors identified in single-hole reflection logging in MW10 from Machiasport, Maine
8. Schematic diagram showing radar reflectors projected (A) to the land surface in a block diagram and (B) in map view
9. Borehole deviation logs for borehole MW09 in Machiasport, Maine
10. Plots showing projection, tadpole, and stereoplot of features interpreted in the acoustic televiewer log for borehole MW09 in Machiasport, Maine
11. Plot showing processed 60-megahertz borehole-radar log from borehole MW09 in Machiasport, Maine
12. Plots showing projection, modified tadpole, and stereoplot for radar reflections identified in borehole MW09 in Machiasport, Maine
13. Borehole deviation logs for borehole MW10 in Machiasport, Maine
14. Plots showing projection, tadpole, and stereoplot for optical televiewer (OTV) and acoustic televiewer (ATV) data collected in borehole MW10 in Machiasport, Maine
15. Plot showing processed 60-megahertz borehole-radar log from borehole MW10 in Machiasport, Maine
16. Plots showing projection, modified tadpole, and stereoplot for radar reflections identified in borehole MW10 in Machiasport, Maine
17. Three-dimensional box plot showing directional single-hole borehole-radar reflectors with a continuity factor of 1, 2, 3, or 4 identified from borehole MW09 in Machiasport, Maine
18. Three-dimensional box plot showing directional single-hole borehole-radar reflectors with a continuity factor of 1, 2, or 3 identified from borehole MW10 in Machiasport, Maine
19. Map showing strike of projected reflectors in borehole-radar logs from borehole MW09 in Machiasport, Maine
20. Map showing strike of projected reflectors in borehole-radar logs from borehole MW10 in Machiasport, Maine

TABLES

1. Construction of boreholes at the former Air Force Tracking Station area at the Bucks Harbor site, Machiasport, Maine
2. Summary of acoustic televiewer data from borehole MW09 in Machiasport, Maine
3. Summary of borehole-radar reflector data from borehole MW09 in Machiasport, Maine
4. Summary of optical and acoustic televiewer data from borehole MW10 in Machiasport, Maine
5. Summary of borehole-radar reflector data from borehole MW10 in Machiasport, Maine

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Citation: Johnson, C.D., and Joesten, P.K., 2005, Analysis of borehole-radar reflection data from Machiasport, Maine, December 2003: U.S. Geological Survey, Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5087, 44 p.