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Other References Related to Bridge Scour

Abdel-Rahmann, N. M., 1964, The effect of flowing water on cohesive beds: Contribution no. 56, Versuchsanstalt fur Wasserbau und Erdbau an der Eidgenossischen Technischen Hochschule, Zurich, Switzerland, p. 1-114.

Abdou, M.I., 1993, Effect of sediment gradation and coarse material fraction on clear-water scour around bridge piers: Ph.D. Thesis, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colo.

Academy of Railway Sciences of China, 1964, Selections of local scour data of piers: Symposium on Scour of Bridge Crossings in China (in Chinese).

Ahmad, M., 1953, Experiments on design and behavior of spur dikes: Proceedings of the International Hydraulics Convention, Minneapolis, Minnesota, p. 45-159.

Ahmad, M., 1962, Discussion of scour at bridge crossings, by E. M. Laursen: Transactions of ASCE, vol. 127, no. 3294, p.198-206.

Ahmed, F., Sabur, M. A., and Andres, D. D., 1993, Pier scour on the South Saskatchewan River: Hydraulic Engineering 93, ASCE, p.1848-1853.

Alawi, A. J., 1985, Some contributions to the study of scour in long contractions: Department of Civil and Engineering Mechanics, University of Arizona, Ph. D. Dissertation.

Alonso, C. V., 1980, Selecting a formula to estimate sediment transport capacity in nonvegetated channels in Knisel, W. G., ed., CREAMS (A field scale model for chemicals, runoff, and erosion from agricultural management system): U.S. Department of Agriculture, Conservation Research Report, no. 26, ch. 5, p. 426-439.

Anderson, A. G., 1975, Erosion of sediment - local scour: Sedimentation Engineering, Chapter 2, Section C, ASCE Manual no. 54.

Anderson, A. G., 1974, Scour at bridge waterways - a review: U.S. Federal Highway Administration Report FHWA-RD-89, 29 p.

AUSTROADS, 1994, Waterway design a guide to the hydraulic design of bridges, culverts, and floodways: AUSTROADS National Office, Sydney, Australia, 137 p.

Avery, K. R., and Hixson, M. A., 1993, Case studies of bridge scour in Western New York: Hydraulic Engineering 93, ASCE, p. 592-597.

Baker, R. E., 1986, Local scour at bridge piers in non-uniform sediment: Report no. 402, School of Engineering, University of Auckland, New Zealand.

Barksdale, G.G., 1994, Bridge scour during the 1993 floods in the Upper Mississippi River Basin: Hydraulic Engineering 94, ASCE, p. 21-25.

Bata, 1960, Erozija oko novosadskog mostovskog stuba, (Serbian), (scour aroud piers): Institut za Vodoprivreder, Jaroslav Cerai Beozrod Yogoslavia. English Translation by Markovic filed at Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado.

Blench, T., 1951,. Regime theory for self-formed sediment-bearing channels: Proceedings of the ASCE, vol. 77, separate 70.

Blench, T., 1962, Discussion of scour at bridge crossings, by E.M. Laursen: Transactions of the ASCE, vol. 127, no. 3294, p. 180-183.

Blench, Thomas, 1969, Mobile-bed fluviology: Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, The University of Alberta Press, 194 p.

Blodgett, J. C., 1989, Monitoring scour at the state route 32 bridge across the Sacramento River at Hamilton City, California: U.S. Federal Highway Administration, Research Report, no. FHWA-RD-90-035, p. 211-226.

Blodgett, J. C., 1984, Effect of bride piers on streamflow and channel geometry: Transportation Research Record, vol. 95, no. 2, p. 172-183.

Blodgett, J. C., and Harris, C., 1993, Measurement of bridge scour at the SR-32 crossing of the Sacramento River at Hamilton City, California, 1987-92: Hydraulic Engineering 93, ASCE, p. 1860-1865.

Bonasoundas, M., 1973, Stromungsvorgang und kolkproblem: Report no. 28, Oskar V. Miller Istitu, Tech. Univ., Munich, Germany.

Borah, D. K., 1988, Scour-depth prediction under armoring conditions: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, American Society of Civil Engineers, vol. 115, no. 10, p. 1421-1425.

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Bradley, J. N., 1978, Hydraulics of bridge waterways: U.S. Federal Highway Administration Hydraulic Design Series no. 1, 111 p.

Breusers, H. N. C., 1965, Scour around drilling platforms: Bulletin of Hydraulic Research 1964 and 1965, IAHR.

Breusers, H. N. C., and Raudkivi, A. J., 1991, Scouring: Design Manual, no. 2, IAHR, Balkema.

Breusers, H. N. C., Nicollet, G., and Shen, H.W., 1977, Local scour around cylindrical piers: Journal of Hydraulic Research, vol.15, no. 3, p. 211-252.

Brownlie, W. R., 1981, Prediction of flow depth and sediment discharge in open channels: Pasadena, Calif., W. M. Keck Laboratory of Hydraulics and Water Resources, Calif. Inst. of Tech., 232 p.

Butch, G. K., 1993, Estimating bridge scour in New York from historical U.S. Geological Survey streamflow measurements: Hydraulic Engineering 93, ASCE, p. 1866-1871.

Butch, G. K., 1991, Measurement of bridge scour at selected sites in New York, excluding Long Island: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4083, 17 p.

Butch, G. K., and Lumia, R., 1994, Effects of flow duration on local scour at bridge piers in New York: Hydraulic Engineering 94, ASCE, p. 46-50.

Butch, G.K., 1991, Measurement of scour at selected bridges in New York: Proceedings of the Fifth Federal Interagency Sedimentation Conference, p.2-112 - 2-126.

Butler, H. L., and Lillycrop, J., 1993, Indian River Inlet: is there a solution?: Hydraulic Engineering 93, ASCE, p. 1218-1223.

Carey, C. and Keller, M. D., 1957, Systematic changes in the beds of alluvial rivers: Journal of the Hydraulics Division, American Society of Civil Engineers, no. HY4, paper no. 1331.

Carstens, M. R., 1966, Similarity laws for localized scour: Journal of Hydraulics Division, vol. 92, no. 3.

Chabert, J. and Engeldinger, P., 1956, Etude des affouillements autour des piles des ponts: Laboratoire d'Hydraulique, Chatou, France.

Chang, F. M., 1980, Scour at bridge piers field data from Louisiana files: U.S. Federal Highway Administration, Research Report Series, no. FHWA-RD-79-105.

Chang, F. W., and Yevdjevich, V., 1962, Analytical Study of Local Scour: Report of Civil Engineering Section, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO.

Chang, H. H., 1984, Modeling general scour at bridge crossings: Transportation Research Record, vol. 950, no. 2, p. 238-243.

Chee, R. K. W., 1982,. Live-bed scour at bridge piers: Report no. 290, University of Auckland, School of Engineering, New Zealand.

Chiew, Y. M., 1984, Local scour at bridge piers: Report no. 355, University of Auckland, School of Engineering, New Zealand.

Chiew, Y.M., and Melville, B.W., 1987, Local scour around bridge piers: Journal of Hydraulic Research, vol. 25, no. 1, p. 15-26

Chitale, W. S., 1962, Discussion of scour at bridge crossings, by E. M. Laursen: Transactions of the ASCE, vol. 127, no. 1, p. 191-196.

Colby, B. R., 1964, Discharge of sands and mean-velocity relationships in sand-bed streams: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 462-A, 47 p.

Crossett, C. M., 1993, "Overmining causes undermining: Hydraulic Engineering 93, ASCE, p. 1876-1881.

Crumrine, M., 1991, Results of a reconnaissance bridge-scour study at selected sites in Oregon using surface-geophysical methods, 1989: U.S. Geological Survey, Water-Resources Investigations Report, no. 90-4199.

Crumrine, M., 1992, Bridge-scour data for the highway 101 bridge over Alsea River Estuary at Waldport, Oregon1988-90: U.S. Geological Survey, Open-File Report, no. 91-531.

Culbertson, D. M., Young, L. E., and Brice, J. C., 1967, Scour and fill in alluvial channels with particular reference to bridge sites: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report, 58 p.

Cunha, L. V., 1975, Time evolution of local scour: Proceedings of the 16th Congress, IAHR.

Davis, S. R., 1984, Case histories of scour problems at bridges: Transportation Research Record, vol. 950(2), p. 149-155.

Davoren, A., 1985, Local scour around a cylindrical bridge pier: Hydrology Centre, Christchurch, New Zealand, Publication no. 3.

Dietz, J. W., 1972, Construction of long piers at oblique currents: Illustrated by the BAB-Main Bridge Eddersheim, Report no. 31, Mitteilungsblatt der Bundersanstalt fur Wasserbau.

Doheny, E.J., Helinsky, B.M., and McGregor, R.A., in press, A technique for preliminary appraisal of potential and observed scour as applied to state-maintained highway bridges in Maryland: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report.

Dongol, D. M. S., 1989, Effect of debris rafting on local scour at bridge piers: Report no. 473, University of Auckland, School of Engineering, New Zealand.

Dunn, I. S., 1959, Tractive resistance of cohesive channels: Journal of Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division, American Society of Civil Engineers, no. SM3, Proc. Paper 2062, June, p. 1-24.

Einstein, H. A., and Chien, N, 1953, Transport of sediment mixtures with large ranges of grain sizes: Missouri River Division Sediment Series, no. 2, U.S. Army Engineer Division, Missouri River, Corps of Engineers, Omaha, Neb.

Ettema, R, 1976, Influence of bed gradation on local scour: Report no. 124, University of Auckland, School of Engineering, New Zealand.

Ettema, R, 1980, Scour at bridge piers: Report no. 236, University of Auckland, School of Engineering, New Zealand.

Fischer, E. E, 1993, Scour at a bridge over the Weldon River, Iowa: Hydraulic Engineering 93, ASCE, p. 1854-1859.

Fischer, E. E, 1994, Contraction scour at a bridge over the Iowa River: Hydraulic Engineering 94, ASCE, p. 31-35.

Flaxman, E. M., 1963, Channel stability in undisturbed cohesive soils: Journal of the Hydraulics Division, American Society of Civil Engineers, vol. 89, no. HY2, Proc. Paper 3462, March, p. 87-96.

Froehlich, D. C, 1988, Analysis of onsite measurements of scour at piers: Hydraulic Engineering, ASCE, p. 534-539.

Galay, V. J., Yaremko, E. K., and Quazi, M. E., 1987, River bed scour and construction of stone riprap protection in Hey, R. D., Bathurst, J. C., and Thorne, C. R., eds., Sediment Transport in Gravel- Bed Rivers: Wiley, p. 353-383.

Gao Dong Guang and Xu Guoping, 1989, Research on local scour mechanism of piers and revision of equations: Research Report Revision of Code of Investigation and Design of Highway Bridge Crossings in China, Xian Highway Transport University (in Chinese).

Gao Dong Guang, Posada G., Lilian, and Nordin, C.F, 1992, Pier scour equations used in the Peoples Republic of China: Colorado State University, Department of Civil Engineering, Draft Report.

Garde, R. J, 1961, Local bed variation at bridge piers in alluvial channels: University of Roorke Research Journal, vol. 4, no. 1, p. 101-116.

Gessler, J, 1971, Beginning and ceasing of sediment motion: River Mechanics, Ed. by H.W. Shen), vol. 1, Chap. 7, Fort Collins, Col.

Gessler, J., 1970, Self-stabilizing tendencies of alluvial channels: Journal of the Waterways, Harbors, and Coastal Engineering Division, American Society of Civil Engineers, vol. 96, no. WW2, May.

Gessler, J., 1971, Critical shear stress for sediment mixtures: Transactions, International Association of Hydraulic Research, XIV Congress, Paris, vol. III.

Gill, M. A, 1972, Erosion of sand beds around spur dikes: Journal of Hydraulics Division, vol. 98, no. 9, p. 1587-1602.

Gill, M. A., 1981, Bed erosion in rectangular long contractions: Journal of the Hydraulics Division, American Society of Civil Engineers, vol. 107, no. HY3, p. 273-284.

Gorin, S. R., and Haeni, F. P, 1989, Use of surface-geophysical methods to assess riverbed scour at bridge piers: U.S. Geological Survey, Water-Resources Investigations Report, no. 88-4212.

Graf, W. H., 1971, Hydraulics of sediment transport: New York, McGraw-Hill, 513 p.

Griffith, W. M., 1939, A theory of silt transportation: Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers, vol. 104, p. 1733-1748.

Haeni, F.P., and Gorin, S.R., 1989, Post measurement of a refilled scour hole at the Bulkeley Bridge in Hartford, Connecticut: U.S. Federal Highway Administration, Research Report, no. FHWA-RD-90-035, p. 147-174.

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