Selected Publications of the Global Change Hydrology (Hydroclimatology) Program, 1988 - 1997

Aguado, E., Cayan, D., Riddle, L., and Roos, M., 1992, Climatic fluctuations and the timing of west coast streamflow: Journal of Climate, v. 5, p. 1468-1483.

Bartlein, P.J., Hostetler, S.W., and Webb, T.J., 1992, Climatology, in Hunter, R.L. and Mann, J., eds., Determining Probabilities of Geologic Processes and Events: Monographs in Mathematical Geology: Oxford, Oxford University Press, p. 62-90.

Bates, G.T., Giorgi, F., and Hostetler, S.W., 1993, Toward the simulation of the effects of the Great Lakes on regional climate: Monthly Weather Review, v. 121, p. 1373-1387.

Bates, G.T., Hostetler, S.W., and Giorgi, F., 1995, Two-year simulation of the Great Lakes region with a coupled modeling system, Monthly Weather Review, 123:1505-1522.

Benson, L., Currey, D., Lao, Y., and Hostetler, S., 1992, Lake-size variations in the Lahontan and Bonneville basins between 13,000 and 9000 14C yr B.P.: Paleogeography, Paleoclimatology, Paleoecology, 95, 19-32.

Benson, L., and Klieforth, H., 1989, Stable isotopes in precipitation and ground water in the Yucca Mountain region, southern Nevada: Paleoclimatic implications, in Peterson, D.H., ed., Aspects of Climate Variability in the Pacific and the Western Americas: Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, Geophysical Monograph 55, p. 41-59.

Benson, L.V., 1991, Timing of the last high stand of Lake Lahontan: Journal of Paleolimnology, v. 5, p. 115-126.

Benson, L.V., 1994, Stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen in the Truckee River- Pyramid Lake surface-water system. 1. Data analysis and extraction of paleoclimatic information: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 39, p. 344-355.

Benson, L.V., Currey, D.R., Dorn, R.I., Lajoie, K.R., Oviatt, C.G., Robinson, S.W., Smith, G.I., and Stine, S., 1990, Chronology of expansion and contraction of four Great Basin lake systems during the past 35,000 years, in Meyers, P.A., and Benson, L.V., eds., Paleolakes and Paleo-oceans: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 78, p. 241-286.

Benson, L.V., Meyers, P.A., and Spencer, R.J., 1991, Change in the size of Walker Lake during the past 5000 years: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 81, p. 189-214.

Betancourt, J.L., Schuster, W.S., Mitton, J.B., and Anderson, R.S., 1991, Fossil and genetic history of a pinyon pine (Pinus edulis) isolate: Ecology, v. 72, p. 1685-1697.

Betancourt, J.L., Turner, R.M., and Webb, R.H., In press, Tucson's Santa Cruz River and the Arroyo Legacy. University of Arizona Press.

Betancourt, J.L., Van Devender, T.R., and Martin, P.S., 1990, Packrat Middens: The Last 40,000 Years of Biotic Change: Tucson, University of Arizona Press, 467 p.

Biondi, F., Cayan, D.R., and Berger, W.H., 1997, Dendroclimatology of Torrey Pine (Pinus torreyana Parry ex Carr. Am. Midl. Nat., 138, 237-251.

Blankenhip, D.D., Bell, R.E., Hodge, S.M., Brozena, J.M., Behrendt, J.C., and Finn, C.A., 1993, Active volcanism beneath the West Antarctic ice sheet and implications for ice sheet stability: Nature, v. 361, p. 526-529.

Bowers, J.E., Webb, R.H., and Rondeau, R.J., 1995, Longevity, recruitment, and mortality of desert plants in Grand Canyon, Arizona, U.S.A.: Journal of Vegetation Science, v. 6, p. 551-564.

Campbell, W.J., Josberger, E.G., and Mognard, N.M., 1994, Southern Ocean wave fields during the austral winters, 1985-1988, by Geosat radar altimeter, in, The Polar Oceans and Their Role in Shaping the Global Environment: Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, Geophysical Monograph 85, p. 421-434.

Cayan, D.R., 1996, Interannual climate variability and snowpack in the western United States: Journal of Climate, v. 9, p. 928-948.

Cayan, D.R., and Georgakakos, K.P., Hydroclimatology of continental watersheds, 2, spatial analyses: Water Resources Research, v. 31, p. 677-608.

Cayan, D.R., and Peterson, D.H., 1989, The influence of north Pacific atmospheric circulation on streamflow in the west, in Peterson, D.H., ed., Aspects of Climate Variability in the Pacific and the Western Americas: Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, Geophysical Monograph 55, p. 375-397.

Cayan, D.R., and Peterson, D.H., 1993, Spring climate and salinity in the San Francisco Bay estuary: Water Resources Research, v. 29, p. 293-304.

Cayan, D.R., and Webb, R.H., 1992, El Nio/Southern Oscillation and streamflow in the western United States, in Diaz, H.F., and Markgraf, V. eds., El Nino: Historical and Paleoclimatic Aspects of the Southern Oscillation: Cambridge, University Press, p. 29-68.

Cayan, D.R., Riddle, L.G., and Aguado, E., 1993, The influence of precipitation and temperature on seasonal streamflow in California: Water Resources Research, v. 29, p. 1127-1140.

Coffin, J.H., Trabant, D.C., Mayo, L.R., Benson, C.S., Harrison, W.D., and Rothlisberger, H., 1990, Mountain glaciers--an overview with emphasis on Alaska, in Ryan, W.L. and Crissman, R.D., eds., Cold regions hydrology and hydraulics: American Society of Civil Engineers Technical Council on Cold Regions Engineering Monograph, p. 177-258.

Coplen, T.B., Winograd, I.J., Landwehr, J.M., and Riggs, A.C., 1994, 500,000-year stable carbon isotopic record from Devils Hole, Nevada: Science, v. 263, p. 361-365.

Dettinger, M.D., and Cayan, D.R., 1995, Large-scale atmospheric forcing of recent trends toward early snowmelt in California: Journal of Climate, v. 8, p. 606-623.

Dettinger, M.D., Ghil, M., and Keppenne, C.L., 1995, Interannual and interdecadal variability in United States surface-air temperatures, 1910-1987: Climatic Change, v. 31, p. 35-66.

Dettinger, M.D., Ghil, M., Strong, C.M., Weibel, W., and Yiou, P., 1995, Software expedites singular-spectrum analysis of noisy time series: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 76, p. 12/14/21.

Ely, L.L., Enzel, Y., and Cayan, D.R., 1994, Anomalous atmospheric circulation and large winter floods in the Southwestern United States: Journal of Climate, v. 7, p. 977-987.

Enzel, Y., Ely, L.L., House, P.K., Baker, V.R., and Webb, R.H., 1993, Paleoflood evidence for a natural upper bound to flood magnitudes in the Colorado River basin: Water Resources Research, v. 29, p. 2287-2297.

Fountain, A.G., 1991, Glacier mass-balance standards: Eos, Transactions of the American Geophysical Union, v. 72, p. 511, 514.

Fountain, A.G., 1992, Automatic system for measuring and recording fluorometry data from multiple sources, South Cascade Glacier, Washington, in Subitzky, Seymour, ed., Selected papers in the hydrologic sciences, 1988-1992: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2340, p. 39-49.

Fountain, A.G., 1992, Subglacial water flow inferred from stream measurements at South Cascade Glacier, Washington State, U.S.A.: Journal of Glaciology, v. 38, p. 51-64.

Fountain, A.G., 1993, Geometry and flow conditions of subglacial water at South Cascades Glacier, Washington State, U.S.A.; An analysis of tracer injections: Journal of Glaciology, v. 39, p. 143-156.

Fountain, A.G., 1993, Glacier mass-balance measurements--A manual for field and office work, by G. Ostrem and M. Brugman: Book Reviews, Arctic and Alpine Research, v. 25, p. 77-78.

Fountain, A.G., 1994, Borehole water-level variations and implications for the subglacial hydraulics of South Cascade Glacier, Washington State, U.S.A.: Journal of Glaciology, v. 40, p. 293-304.

Fountain, A.G., Krimmel, R.M., and Trabant, D.C., 1996, A strategy for monitoring glaciers: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1132, 20 p.

Georgakakos, K.P., Bae, D.-H., and Cayan, D.R., 1995, Hydroclimatology of continental watersheds, 1, temporal analyses: Water Resources Research, v. 31, p. 655-676.

Giorgi, F., Hostetler, S.W., and Brodeur, C.S., 1994, Analysis of the surface hydrology in a regional climate model: Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, v. 120, p. 161-183.

Gloersen, P., and Campbell, W.J., 1991, Recent variations in Arctic and Antarctic sea-ice covers: Nature, v. 352, p. 33-36.

Gloersen, P., Campbell, W.J., Cavalieri, D.J., Comiso, J.C., Parkinson, C.L., and Zwally, H.J., 1992, Arctic and Antarctic Sea Ice, 1978-1987: Satellite Passive-Microwave Observations and Analysis: Washington, D.C., NASA SP-511, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 290 p.

Graf, J.B., Webb, R.H., and Hereford, R., 1991, Relation of sediment load and flood-plain formation to climatic variability, Paria River drainage basin, Utah and Arizona: Bulletin, Geological Society of America, v. 103, p. 1405-1415.

Grimm, N.B., Chacon, A., Dahm, C.N., Hostetler, S.W., Lind, O.T., Starkweather, P.L., and Wurtsbaugh, W.W., 1997, Sensitivity of aquatic ecosystems to climatic and anthropogenic changes: the Basin and Range, American Southwest, and Mexico, Hydrological Processes, 11:1023-1042.

Hauer, F.R., Baron, J.S., Campbell, D.H., Fausch, K.D., Hostetler, S.W., Leavesley, G.H., Leavitt, P.R., McKnight, D.M., and Stanford, J.A., 1997, Assessment of climate change and freshwater ecosystems of the Rocky Mountains USA and Canada, Hydrological Processes, 11:903-921.

Heinrichs, T.A., Mayo, L.R., Echelmeyer, K.A., and Harrison, W.D., 1996, Quiescent-phase of a surge-type glacier--Black Rapids Glacier, Alaska, U.S.A.: Journal of Glaciology, v. 42, p. 110-122.

Heinrichs, T.A., Mayo, L.R., Trabant, D.C., and March, R.S., 1995, Observations of the surge-type Black Rapids glacier, Alaska, during a quiescent period, 1970-92: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-512, 98 p.

Hereford, R., and Webb, R.H., 1992, Historic variation in warm-season rainfall on the Colorado Plateau, U.S.A.: Climatic Change, v. 22, p. 239-256.

Hodge, S.M., and Doppelhammer, S.K., 1996, Satellite imagery of the onset of streaming flow of ice streams C and D, West Antarctic: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 101, p. 6669-6677.

Hostetler, S., and Bartlein, P.J., 1990, Modeling climatically determined lake evaporation with application to simulating lake-level variations of Harney-Malheur Lake, Oregon: Water Resources Research, v. 26, p. 2603-2612.

Hostetler, S., and Benson, L.V., 1990, Paleoclimatic implications of the high stand of Lake Lahontan derived from models of evaporation and lake level: Climate Dynamics, v. 4, p. 207-217.

Hostetler, S., and Giorgi, F., 1992, Use of a regional atmospheric model to simulate lake-atmospheric feedbacks associated with Pleistocene Lakes Lahontan and Bonneville: Climate Dynamics, v. 7, p. 39-44.

Hostetler, S.W., 1991, Simulation of lake ice and its effect on the late-Pleistocene evaporation rate of Lake Lahontan: Climate Dynamics, v. 6, p. 43-48.

Hostetler, S.W., 1992, Analysis and modeling of long-term water temperature on the Steamboat Creek basin, Oregon: Implications for land use and fish habitat: Water Resources Bulletin, v. 27, p. 637-647.

Hostetler, S.W., 1994, Hydrologic and atmospheric models: The (continuing) problem of discordant scales: Climatic Change, v. 27, p. 345-350.

Hostetler, S.W., 1995, Hydrological and thermal response of lakes to climate: Description and modeling. in, Lerman, A., Imboden, D., and Gat, J., eds., Physics and Chemistry of Lakes: Berlin, Springer-Verlag, p. 63-82.

Hostetler, S.W., 1997, Palaeoclimatology near to the edge of an ice sheet, Nature, 385:393-394.

Hostetler, S.W., Bates, G.T., and Giorgi, F., 1993, Interactive coupling of a lake thermal model with a regional climate model: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 98, p. 5045-5057.

Hostetler, S.W., and Benson, L.V., 1994, Stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen in the Truckee River-Pyramid Lake surface-water system. 2. A predictive model of d18O and d2H in Pyramid Lake: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 39, p. 356-364.

Hostetler, S.W., and Clark, P.U., 1997, Climatic controls of western U.S. glaciers at the last glacial maximum: Quaternary Science Reviews, v.16, p. 505-511.

Hostetler, S.W., and Giorgi, F., 1993, Use of output from high-resolution atmospheric models in landscape-scale hydrologic models: An assessment: Water Resources Research, v. 29, p. 1685-1695.

Hostetler, S.W., and Giorgi, F., 1994, Effects of 2XCO2 climate on two large lake systems: Pyramid Lake, Nevada, and Yellowstone Lake, Wyoming: Global and Planetary Change, 10:43-34.

Hostetler, S.W., and Giorgi, F., 1995, Effects of a 2 x CO2 climate on two large lake systems: Pyramid Lake, Nevada, and Yellowstone Lake, Wyoming: Global and Planetary Change, v. 10, p. 43-54.

Hostetler, S.W., Giorgi, F., Bates, G.T., and Bartlein, P.J., 1994, Lake-atmosphere feedbacks associated with paleolakes Bonneville and Lahontan: Science, v. 263, p. 665-668.

Hostetler, S.W., and Varley, J., 1994, Preliminary results of simulating the thermal regime of Yellowstone Lake: Park Science, v. 13, p. 16.

Jarrett, R.D., 1990, Paleohydrology techniques used to define the spatial occurrence of floods: Geomorphology, v. 3, p. 181-195.

Jarrett, R.D., 1991, Paleohydrology and its value in analyzing floods and droughts: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2375, p. 105-116.

Jenner, C.B., and Lins, H.F., 1991, Climatic atlas of the Delaware River Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1392, 134 p.

Jeton, A.E., Dettinger, M.D., and Smith, J.L., 1996, Potential effects of climate change on streamflow, eastern and western slopes of the Sierra Nevada, California and Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Investigations Report 95-4260, 44 p.

Josberger, E.G., Gloersen, P., Chang, A., and Rango, A., 1996, The effects of snowpack grain size on satellite passive microwave observations from the Upper Colorado River basin: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 101, p. 6679-6688.

Josberger, E.G., and Mognard, N.M., 1996, Southern Ocean monthly wave fields for austral winters 1985-1988 by Geosat radar altimeter: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 101, 6689-6696.

Kennedy, B.W., 1995, Air temperature and precipitation data, Wolverine Glacier Basin, Alaska, 1967-94: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-444, 79 p.

Krimmel, R.M., 1992, Photogrammetric determination of surface altitude, velocity, and calving rate of Columbia Glacier, Alaska, 1983-91: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-104, 72 p.

Krimmel, R.M., 1993, Mass balance, meteorological, and runoff measurements at South Cascade Glacier, Washington, 1992 balance year: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-640, 38 p.

Krimmel, R.M., 1994, Runoff, precipitation, mass balance, and ice velocity measurements at South Cascade Glacier, Washington, 1993 balance year: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4139, 35 p.

Krimmel, R.M., 1995, Water, ice, and meteorological measurements at South Cascade Glacier, Washington, 1994 balance year: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4162, 41 p.

Krimmel, R.M., 1996, Columbia Glacier, Alaska--Research on tidewater glaciers: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet FS-091-96, 4 p.

Krimmel, R.M., 1996, Water, ice, and meteorological measurements at South Cascade Glacier, Washington, 1995 balance year: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4174, 37 p.

Krimmel, R.M., and Trabant, D.C., 1992, The terminus of Hubbard Glacier, Alaska: Annals of Glaciology, v. 16, p. 151-157.

Landwehr, J.M., Coplen, T.B., Ludwig, K.R., Winograd, I.J., Riggs, A.C., 1997, Data from Devils Hole Core DH-11: U.S. Geological Survey Open-FileReport 97-792, 8 p.

Landwehr, J.M., Winograd, I.J., and Coplen, T.B., 1994, No verification for Milankovitch: Nature, v. 368, p. 594.

Larsen, M.C., and Torres-Sanchez, A.J., 1992, Landslides triggered by Hurricane Hugo in eastern Puerto Rico, September 1989: Caribbean Journal of Science, v. 28, p. 113-125.

Larsen, M.C., and Torres-Sanchez, A.J., 1995, Climatologic, geographic, and geologic factors influencing the distribution and occurrence of landslides in the Blanco, Cibuco, and Coamo river basins, Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Investigations Report 95-4029, 100 p.

Leavesley, G.H., 1994, Modeling the effects of climate change on water resources - a review: Climatic Change, v. 28, p. 159-177.

Lichty, R.W. and Karlinger, M.R., 1990, Climate factor for small-basin flood frequency: Water Resources Bulletin, v. 26, p. 577-586.

Lingle, C.S., Post, A., Herzfeld, U.C., Molnia, B.F., Krimmel, R.M., and Roush, J.J., 1993, Bering Glacier surge and iceberg-calving mechanism at Vitus Lake, Alaska, U.S.A.: Journal of Glaciology, v. 39, p. 722-727.

Lins, H.F., 1997, Regional streamflow regimes and hydroclimatology of the United States: Water Resources Research, v. 33, p. 1655-1667.

Lins, H.F., Hare, F.K., and Singh, K.P., 1990, Influence of the atmosphere: in, Wolman, M.G. and Riggs, H.C., eds., Surface Water Hydrology, The Geology of North America, v. O-1: Boulder, Geological Society of America, p. 11-53.

Lins, H.F., and Michaels, P.J., 1994, Increasing U.S. streamflow linked to greenhouse forcing: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 75, p. 281/284-285.

Lins, H.F., with 38 others, 1996, Observed climate variability and change, in, Houghton, J.J., Meiro-Filho, L.G., Callander, B.A., Harris, N., Kattenberg, A., and Maskell, K., eds., Climate Change 1995, The Science of Climate Change: Cambridge University Press, New York.

Lins, H.F., Wolock, D.M., and McCabe, G.J., 1997, Scale and modeling issues in water resources planning: Climatic Change, v. 37, p.63-88.

Lowenstein, J.M., Rainey, W.N., and Betancourt, J.L., 1991, Immunospecific albumin in fossil packrat, porcupine and hyrax urine: Naturwissenschaften, v. 78, p. 26-27.

Ludwig, K.R., Simmons, K.R., Szabo, B.J., Winograd, I.J., Landwehr, J.M., Riggs, A.C., and Hoffman, R.J., 1992, Mass-Spectrometric 230Th-234U-238U dating of the Devils Hole Calcite Vein: Science, v. 258, p. 284-287.

March, R.S., Mayo, L.R., and Trabant, D.C., 1997, Snow and ice volume on Mount Spurr Volcano, Alaska, 1981: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4142, 36 p. + 2 plates.

March, R.S., and Trabant, D.C., 1997, Mass balance, meteorological, ice motion, surface altitude, and runoff data at Gulkana Glacier, Alaska, 1993 balance year: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4299, 30 p.

March, R.S., and Trabant, D.C., 1996, Mass balance, meteorological, ice motion, surface altitude, and runoff data at Gulkana glacier, Alaska, 1992 balance year: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4277, 32 p.

Mayo, L.R., and March, R.S., 1990, Air temperature and precipitation at Wolverine Glacier, Alaska, Glacier growth in a warmer, wetter climate: Annals of Glaciology, v. 14, p. 191-194.

Mayo, L.R., March, R.S., and Trabant, D.C., 1992, Air temperature and precipitation data, 1967-88, Wolverine Glacier Basin, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 91-246, 80 p.

McCabe, G.J., and Dettinger, M.D., 1995, Relations between monthly atmospheric circulation and winter precipitation simulated by the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory general circulation model: International Journal of Climatology, v. 15, p 625-638.

McCabe, G.J., and Legates, D.R., 1992, General circulation model simulation of winter and summer sea-level pressures over North America: International Journal of Climatology, v. 12, p. 815-827.

McCabe, G.J., and Wolock, D.M., 1997, Climate change and the detection of trends in annual runoff: Climate Research, v. 8, p. 129-134.

Meier, M., Lundstrom, S., Stone, Kamb, B., Engelhardt, H., Humphrey, N., Dunlap, W.W., Fahnestock, M., Krimmel, R.M., and Walters, R., 1994, Mechanical and hydrologic basis for the rapid motion of a large tidewater glacier: Part 1. Observations: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 99, no. B8, p. 15,219-15,229.

Melis, T.S., Webb, R.H., Griffiths, P.G., and Wise, T.J., 1994, Magnitude and frequency data for historic debris flows in Grand Canyon National Park and vicinity, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Investigations Report 94-4214, 285p.

Miller, A.J., Cayan, D.R., Barnett, T.P., Graham, N.E., and Oberhuber, J.M., 1994, The 1976-77 climate shift of the Pacific Ocean: Oceanography, v. 7, p. 21-26.

Miller, A.J., White, W.B., and Cayan, D.R., 1996: North Pacific Thermocline Variations on ENSO Time Scales. J. of Phys. Oceanogr., 27, 2023-2039.

Milly, P.C.D., 1990, A refinement of the combination equations for evaporation: Surveys in Geophysics, v. 12, p. 145-154.

Milly, P.C.D.,1991, Some current themes in physical hydrology of the land-atmosphere interface, in Kienitz, G., Milly, P.C.D., Van Genuchten, M. Th., Rosbjerg, D., and Shuttleworth, W.J., eds., Hydrological Interactions Between Atmosphere, Soil and Vegetation, International Association of Hydrological Sciences, No. 204, p. 3-10.

Milly, P.C.D., 1992, Potential evaporation and soil moisture in general circulation models: Journal of Climate, v. 5, p. 209-226.

Milly, P.C.D., 1993, An analytic solution of the stochastic storage problem applicable to soil water: Water Resources Research, v. 29, p. 3755-3758.

Milly, P.C.D., 1993, Sensitivity of the global water cycle to the water-holding capacity of soils: International Association of Hydrological Sciences Publication No. 212, p. 495-501.

Milly, P.C.D., 1994, Climate, soil water storage, and the average annual water balance: Water Resources Research, v. 30, p. 2143-2156.

Milly, P.C.D., 1994, Climate, interseasonal storage of soil water, and the annual water balance: Advances in Water Resources, v. 17, p. 19-24.

Milly, P.C.D., and Dunne, K.A., 1994, Sensitivity of the global water cycle to the water-holding capacity of land: Journal of Climate, v. 7, p. 506-526.

Molnia, B.F., Post, A., Trabant, D.C., and Krimmel, R.M., 1993, 1993 surge of Bering Glacier, Alaska: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 74, p. 263.

Moss, M.E., 1992, Bayesian relative information measure: a tool for analyzing the outputs of general circulation models: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 97, p. 2743-2755.

Nichols, W.D., 1989, Reconstructed drought history, north-central Great Basin: 1601-1982, in Peterson, D.H., ed., Aspects of Climate Variability in the Pacific and the Western Americas: Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, Geophysical Monograph 55, p. 61-67.

Nichols, W.D., 1992, Energy budgets and resistances to energy transport in sparsely vegetated rangeland: Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, v. 60, p. 221-247.

Nichols, W.D., 1993, Estimating discharge of shallow groundwater by transpiration from greasewood in the northern Great Basin: Water Resources Research, v. 29, p. 2771-2778.

Ortiz, J., Mix, A.C., Hostetler, S.W., and Kashgarian, M., 1997, The California Current of the last glacial maximum, Paleoceanography, 13:161-176.

Peterson, D., Cayan, D., DiLeo, J., Noble, M., and Dettinger, M., 1995, The role of climate in estuarine variability: American Scientist, v. 83, p.58-67.

Peterson, D., Cayan, D.R., Dettinger, M.D., Noble, M., Riddle, L.G., Schemel, L.E., Smith, R.E., Uncles, R.J., and Walters, R., 1996, San Francisco Bay salinity: Observations, simulation, and statistical models, Hollibaugh, J.T., ed., San Francisco Bay - The Ecosystem: American Association for the Advancement of Science, Pacific Division, San Francisco, p. 9-34.

Peterson, D.H., ed., 1989, Aspects of Climate Variability in the Pacific and the Western Americas, Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, Geophysical Monograph 55, 445 p.

Reverdin, G., Kushnir, Y., and Cayan, D.R., 1996, Decadal variability of hydrography in the upper northern North Atlantic 1948-199. Journal of Geophysical Research.

Salas, J.D., Wohl, E.E., and Jarrett, R.D., 1994, Determination of flood characterisitics using systematic, historical, and paleoflood data, in Rossi, G., Harmancioglu, N., and Yevjevich, V., eds., Coping with Floods: Dordrecht, Kluwer Academic Publishers, p. 111-134.

Scatena, F.N., and Larsen, M.C., 1991, Physical aspects of Hurricane Hugo in Puerto Rico: Biotropica, v. 23, p. 317-323.

Slack, J.R., and Landwehr, J.M., 1992, Hydro-Climatic Data Network (HCDN): A U.S. Geological Survey streamflow data set for the United States for the study of climate variations, 1874-1988: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 91-129, 193 p.

Slack, J.R., Lumb, A.M., and Landwehr, J.M., 1993, Hydro-Climatic Data Network (HCDN): Streamflow data set, 1874-1988: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4076 (CD-ROM).

Smith, F.A., Betancourt, J.L., and Brown, James, H., 1995, Evolution of body size in the wood rat over the past 25,000 years of climate change: Science, v. 270, p. 2012-2014.

Snyder, E.F., 1996, Bibliography of glacier studies by the U.S. Geological Survey: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-723, 35 p.

Sullivan, M.E., 1994, South Cascade Glacier, Washington: Hydrologic and meteorological data, 1957-67: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-77, 105 p.

Swetnam, T.R., and Betancourt, J.L., 1990, Fire-Southern Oscillation relations in the southwestern United States: Science, v. 24, p. 1017-1020.

Tangborn, W.V., Fountain, A.G., and Sikonia, W.D., 1990, Effect of altitude-area distribution on glacier mass balance: a comparison of North and South Klawatti Glaciers, Washington State, U.S.A.: Annals of Glaciology, v. 14, p. 278-282.

TEMPO Members (Kutzbach, J.E., Bartlein, P.J., Foley, J.A., Harrison, S.P., Hostetler, S.W., Liu, Z., Prentice, I.C., and Webb, T.W. III, 1996, Potential role of vegetation feedback in the climate sensitivity of high-latitude regions: A case study at 6000 years B.P., Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 10:727-736.

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