USGS Water-Year Summary 2023

473933096243701 G25-R 148N45W05DDDD 0000620685

Sand and gravel aquifers (glaciated regions)
Glacial Surficial Sand and/or Gravel

LOCATION - Lat 47°39'33.32", long 96°24'37.48" referenced to North American Datum of 1983, in SE 1/4 SE 1/4 SE 1/4 sec.05, T.148 N., R.45 W., Polk County, MN, Hydrologic Unit 09020303, 9 miles east and 7 miles south of Crookston, Minnesota. Located near an approach to an abandoned gravel pit.

GROUNDWATER RECORDS

WELL CHARACTERISTICS - Depth 30.35 ft. Upper casing diameter 2.04 in; top of first opening 20.38 ft, bottom of last opening 24.68 ft. The hole for well G25 was drilled with a hydraulic rotary drill rig, on 10 July 2003 to a depth of 31 feet. The well is constructed of a 4.30-feet-long, 2.04-inch-diameter, schedule-40 PVC, 0.010-inch slotted, flush-threaded screen attached to about 20.38 feet of 2.04-inch-diameter, schedule-40 PVC casing. The casing stickup was 2.49 feet above land surface on 10 July 2003. The open interval of the well is 20.38 - 24.68 feet below land surface and the total well depth is 30.35 feet.

DATUM - Land-surface datum is 1,008.32 ft above North American Vertical Datum of 1988. Measuring point: MP is mark on top of casing, NOT protection post, 2.49 ft above land-surface datum, Jul. 10, 2003 to present.

PERIOD OF RECORD -

Water levels were recorded hourly during 08 August, 2003 at 12:00 CDT to 24 October 2018 at 08:00 CDT, except during the following periods:

Many hourly gaps during Aug. & Sept., 2003: due to poor telemetry at site.

Oct. 22, 2003 - Oct. 28, 2003: due to poor telemetry at site.

Dec. 15, 2003 - Dec. 20, 2003: due to poor telemetry at site.

Sept. 10, 2009 - Sept. 17, 2009: due to poor telemetry at site.

Dec. 28, 2009 at 17:00 CST to Mar. 2, 2010 at 17:00 CDT: due to poor telemetry at site.

Six gaps exist during Mar. 01, 2010 - Mar. 15, 2010: due to poor telemetry at site.

Aug. 05 & 13, 2010: due to poor telemetry at site.

Sept. 13, 14, & 23, 2010: due to poor telemetry at site.

Jan. 08, 2014 - Mar. 14, 2014: due to failing transducer during this period.

Mar. 26, 2014 - Jun. 06, 2014: due to failing transducer during this period.

Mar. 11, 2018 - Oct. 24, 2018: due to failing transducer during this period.

When possible, missing daily-average water levels (above) were accurately estimated based on the trend of the hydrograph during these periods.

As of 20 April 2016 at 07:42 CDT, data collection for the Glacial Ridge project has ended. Hourly water levels continue to be recorded and semiannual calibration measurements continue to be collected. However, water levels are only being corrected and approved as time allows.  Water temperature data were worked and approved during 20 April 2016 - 24 Oct. 2018 in March 2019.

GAGE -

Water level and water temperature were measured with a Design Analysis H-310 submersible pressure transducer nominally accurate to 0.01 feet and 0.1°C, respectively. A Texas Electronics, Inc. TR-525I, unheated, tipping-bucket rain gage measures precipitation and is nominally accurate to 0.01 inches. Water level, water temperature, precipitation, shelter temperature, and battery voltage are all recorded by a Campbell Scientific, Inc. CR206 data logger, which records all data hourly (except quarter-hourly precipitation). On 20 April 2016 at 07:57 CDT, the datalogger program was updated to record only hourly water level, water temperature, and precipitation (no longer quarter-hourly). The data logger is housed in a 14-inch X 16-inch grey fiberglass shelter attached to the well. The gage is powered by a 10W solar panel and 12v, 12 amphr station battery and is telemetered by radio to telephone telemetry.

The WaterLOG H-3123 pressure transducer was removed from the well on 24 Oct. 2018 at 08:05 CDT. This pressure transducer had been failing for awhile. Data collection for the Glacial Ridge hydrology study had concluded in 2016, so failing pressure transducer was removed from the site. There is still a rain gage and datalogger station deployed at the site.

COOPERATION - During 2003-2016, this site was operated as part of a study to understand hydrologic changes resulting from wetland and prairie restoration and climate change. The station was funded in cooperation with the Red Lake Watershed District, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, The Nature Conservancy, and the Environment and Natural Resources Trust Fund.

REMARKS -

As of 20 April 2016 at 07:42 CDT, data collection for the Glacial Ridge project has ended. Hourly water levels continue to be recorded and semiannual calibration measurements continue to be collected. However, water levels are only being corrected and approved as time allows.  Water temperature data were worked and approved during 20 April 2016 - 24 Oct. 2018 in March 2019. 

Measured groundwater levels are precise to two decimal places, not the 3 decimal places reported. Differences between subsequent groundwater levels are precise to 3 decimal places, however. Three-decimal place precision is useful at this site for hydrologic analyses such as estimation of groundwater recharge and evapotranspiration.

CLIMATOLOGICAL RECORDS

PERIOD OF RECORD -

Precipitation are recorded hourly during 05 May, 2004 at 18:00 CDT - to the present, except during the following periods:

Sept. 10, 2009 - Sept. 17, 2009: due to poor telemetry at site.

Dec. 28, 2009 at 17:00 CST to Mar. 2, 2010 at 17:00 CDT: due to poor telemetry at site.

Six gaps exist during Mar. 01, 2010 - Mar. 15, 2010: due to poor telemetry at site.

Aug. 05 & 13, 2010: due to poor telemetry at site.

Sept. 13, 14, & 23, 2010: due to poor telemetry at site.

Apr. 24, 2014 - 05 June, 2014: lost data file due to a laptop that crashed.

Jun. 27, 2018 at 10:00 CDT to Oct. 24, 2018 at 07:00 CDT: due to partially plugged funnel and funnel blowing off rain gage.

When possible, missing precipitation daily-sums (above) were accurately estimated based on precipitation records from the nearby Glacial Ridge Project rain gages.

Precipitation was corrected and approved until Oct. 12, 2015. Precipitation continues to be recorded but raingage maintenance and calibration data collection ceased on Oct. 12, 2015.

INSTRUMENTATION - Precipitation is currently measured with a Texas Electronics TRP-525I tipping-bucket rain gage, which is accurate to 0.01 inches. This rain gage was installed at this site on 12 July 2012. The rain gage is unheated and uncovered during the winter. Thus precipitation data during freezing periods (about December through early April) result from melting of snow during warm periods and do NOT represent actual precipitation. During 05 May 2004 to 12 July 2012, precipitation was measured with a Weather Measure Corp. P-501, 7.875-inch tipping-bucket rain gage accurate to 0.01 inch. The rain gage is unheated and uncovered during the winter. Thus precipitation data during freezing periods (about December through early April) result from melting of snow during warm periods and do NOT represent actual precipitation.

REMARKS - Precipitation was corrected and approved until Oct. 13, 2015. Thereafter, precipitation continues to be recorded but raingage maintenance and calibration data collection has ceased.

WATER-QUALITY RECORDS

WELL CHARACTERISTICS - Depth 30.35 ft. Upper casing diameter 2.04 in; top of first opening 20.38 ft, bottom of last opening 24.68 ft. The hole for well G25 was drilled with a hydraulic rotary drill rig, on 10 July 2003 to a depth of 31 feet. The well is constructed of a 4.30-feet-long, 2.04-inch-diameter, schedule-40 PVC, 0.010-inch slotted, flush-threaded screen attached to about 20.38 feet of 2.04-inch-diameter, schedule-40 PVC casing. The casing stickup was 2.49 feet above land surface on 10 July 2003. The open interval of the well is 20.38 - 24.68 feet below land surface and the total well depth is 30.35 feet.

DATUM - Land-surface datum is 1,008.32 ft above North American Vertical Datum of 1988. Measuring point: MP is mark on top of casing, NOT protection post, 2.49 ft above land-surface datum, Jul. 10, 2003 to present.

PERIOD OF RECORD -

Water temperatures were recorded hourly during 08 August, 2003 at 12:00 CDT to 24 October 2018 at 08:00 CDT, except during the following periods:

Many hourly gaps during Aug. & Sept., 2003: due to poor telemetry at site.

Oct. 22, 2003 - Oct. 28, 2003: due to poor telemetry at site.

Dec. 15, 2003 - Dec. 20, 2003: due to poor telemetry at site.

Sept. 10, 2009 - Sept. 17, 2009: due to poor telemetry at site.

Dec. 28, 2009 at 17:00 CST to Mar. 2, 2010 at 17:00 CDT: due to poor telemetry at site.

Six gaps exist during Mar. 01, 2010 - Mar. 15, 2010: due to poor telemetry at site.

Aug. 05 & 13, 2010: due to poor telemetry at site.

Sept. 13, 14, & 23, 2010: due to poor telemetry at site.

Jan. 08, 2014 - Mar. 14, 2014: due to failing transducer thermistor during this period.

Mar. 26, 2014 - Jun. 06, 2014: due to failing transducer thermistor during this period.

Apr. 17, 2018 at 18:00 CDT to Oct. 24, 2018 at 07:00 CDT: due to failing transducer thermistor during this period.

When possible, missing daily-average water temperatures (above) were accurately estimated based on the trend of the thermograph during these periods.

NOTE: On 06 June 2014, the failing transducer containing the thermistor that measures water temperature was replaced with a newer model transducer. This new transducer was raised 1.4 ft. in the well, due to the new transducer mounting / installation. This change slightly affected the thermograph; increasing its amplitude away the thermograph mean. To reflect this change, water temperature data are now stored in a different data stream (data descriptor 9) than before the transducer was lowered (data descriptor 2) and sensor depth was added to the data stream descriptor.

As of 20 April 2016 at 07:72 CDT, data collection for the Glacial Ridge project has ended. Hourly water temperature continues to be recorded and calibration measurements continue to be collected. However, water levels are only being corrected and approved as time allows.  Water temperature data were worked and approved during 20 April 2016 - 24 Oct. 2018 in March 2019.

COOPERATION - During 2003-2016, this site was operated as part of a study to understand hydrologic changes resulting from wetland and prairie restoration and climate change. The station was funded in cooperation with the Red Lake Watershed District, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, The Nature Conservancy, and the Environment and Natural Resources Trust Fund.

INSTRUMENTATION - Water temperature is measured with a WaterLOG H-3123 submersible pressure transducer accurate to plus-or-minus 1.0°C. Differences in water temperature are accurate to plus-or-minus 0.1°C.