Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Hitt, Kerie J. Publication_Date: 20081125 Edition: 1 Title: NAWQA GIS ancillary data: Nitrogen contributions from fertilizer and manure for 500-m buffers around sampling sites Online_Linkage: Description: Abstract: This data set consists of annual nitrogen inputs from fertilizer (1987-2001) and manure (1982, 1987, 1992 and 1997) for 500-m buffers around NAWQA sampling sites. The source of the fertilizer data is the county fertilizer data set developed by Nutrients National Synthesis (Dubrovsky, Spahr, and Gronberg, written communication, October 21, 2008) to correct issues in the county fertilizer data set published in Ruddy and others (2006). The source of the county manure data remains Ruddy and others (2006). The only change to the manure data was the addition of data previously missing for wells in one network (gaflsus4). Purpose: This is one of the ancillary GIS data layers developed to characterize environmental settings of NAWQA ground water studies for national synthesis of water-quality data. Supplemental_Information: BACKGROUND REGARDING COUNTY-LEVEL FERTILIZER NUTRIENT INPUT DATA County-level fertilizer nutrient inputs for 1987-2001 were previously estimated from Association of American Plant Food Control Officials (AAPFCO) sales data by Ruddy and others (2006). Historically, several methods have been used to estimate county-level values, but Ruddy was the first to further distinguish between the farm and nonfarm portions. Key to this is the extrapolation of information because the farm and nonfarm sales data do not exist for all States. Ruddy and others (2006) developed a procedure to estimate nonfarm-fertilizer sales for all States, by calculating national totals of farm and nonfarm sales and converting these to proportions. These proportions were applied to the annual sales of each fertilizer product to estimate farm and nonfarm sales within each State. Subsequent analysis of the estimates and the programs used to produce the estimates revealed that allocation of fertilizer to farm and nonfarm portions was not calculated as described in the Ruddy report. Instead of selecting only states that reported nonfarm sales for at least 11 products to calculate the national farm and nonfarm proportions of each fertilizer product, ALL states were used. Using all states in the calculation inflated the farm tonnage and therefore the nonfarm proportion was lower than it should have been. As a result of this discovery, the method used in SIR 2006-5012 to process the data was re-evaluated in 2008. This included an analysis of the AAPFCO fertilizer sales data to develop a better understanding of the information available. The result of this review was a revised method for estimating nonfarm fertilizer sales designed to exclude to the extent possible the use of state-level estimates and inconsistent or erroneous values. The county-level fertilizer estimates revised in October 2008 were apportioned by county and agricultural land use within ground water buffers. COMPUTING FERTILIZER AND MANURE NITROGEN INPUTS REPRESENTING CYCLE 1 OF NAWQA Nutrients National Synthesis represents nitrogen nutrient inputs for cycle 1 by averaging the individual annual values over the years bracketing the years of sampling. For FERTILIZER, Nutrients National Synthesis in most cases is representing cycle 1 NAWQA nitrogen load per well buffer as: !FY 91 studies - average of 92, 93, 94, 95 fertilizer values for the buffer !FY 94 studies - average of 95, 96, 97, 98 fertilizer values for the buffer !FY 97 studies - average of 98, 99, 00, 01 fertilizer values for the buffer Here is an example of how we would calculate cycle 1 nitrogen input for farm fertilizer for a well in a FY 94 study in most cases: !FARMN92 = 18,087 !FARMN93 = 17,342 !FARMN94 = 16,128 !FARMN95 = 15,278 !FARMN96 = 15,153 !FARMN97 = 14,697 !FARMN98 = 14,081 !FARMN99 = 15,974 !FARMN00 = 16,948 !FARMN01 = 14,972 ! !FARMNAVG = FARMN95 + FARMN96 + FARMN97 + FARMN98 / 4 ! = 14,802.196 After the October 2008 version of the county-level fertilizer nutrient inputs was developed, the Nutrients Synthesis team identified more issues with the estimates for farm or nonfarm fertilizer for certain states in certain years (Norm Spahr, written communication, October 29, 2008). For use in ground water models, for a few study units, we decided to screen out these years of questionable data when we average the values for cycle 1. For MANURE, Nutrients National Synthesis is representing cycle 1 NAWQA nitrogen load per well buffer as: !FY 91 studies - average of 92 and 97 manure values for the buffer !FY 94 studies - 97 manure values !FY 97 studies - 97 manure values For ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION, Nutrients National Synthesis is representing cycle 1 NAWQA nitrogen load per well buffer as: !FY 91 studies - average of 92, 93, 94, 95 atmospheric ! deposition values for the buffer !FY 94 studies - average of 95, 96, 97, 98 !FY 97 studies - average of 98, 99, 00, 01 (The annual atmospheric deposition estimates for the ground water buffers are available in a separate data set.) The cycle 1 nutrients inputs from nitrogen calculated using the above approaches are available by request. OTHER BACKGROUND INFORMATION The nutrients input data set did not include Alaska and Hawaii. Some sites fall outside the conterminous United States (all sites in COOK and OAHU, some sites in REDN and PUGT). These sites do not have any county assigned to them, and they have no nutrient data as well. (Values = -9999.) Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Multiple_Dates/Times: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1982 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2001 Currentness_Reference: The data set is intended to represent conditions for the early 1990's to late 1990's. Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: The data set is updated as needed to correct the input fertilizer or manure values. Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -125 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -66 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 50 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 24 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: Ground water Theme_Keyword: Surface water Theme_Keyword: Water quality Theme_Keyword: Nutrients Theme_Keyword: Nitrogen Theme_Keyword: fertilizer and manure Access_Constraints: The data set is for internal USGS access only. Use_Constraints: The data set is for internal USGS use only. Data_Quality_Information: Logical_Consistency_Report: none Completeness_Report: none Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Neil Dubrovsky Originator: Norm Spahr Originator: Jo Ann Gronberg Publication_Date: 20081021 Title: County-level estimates of farm and nonfarm fertilizer inputs to the land surface of the conterminous United States, 1987-2001 Type_of_Source_Media: digital files Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Multiple_Dates/Times: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1987 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2001 Source_Currentness_Reference: Ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: FERTREV08 Source_Contribution: This data source contributed total (kilograms) nitrogen inputs from fertilizer by county for years 1987-2001. These county nitrogen inputs were apportioned by county and NLCDe 92 land use within the well buffers. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Barbara Ruddy Originator: David Lorenz Originator: David Mueller Publication_Date: 2006 Title: County-level estimates of nutrient inputs to the land surface of the conterminous United States, 1982-2001 Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report Issue_Identification: 2006-5012 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: USGS Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5012/ Type_of_Source_Media: digital files Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Multiple_Dates/Times: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1982 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2001 Source_Currentness_Reference: Ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: SIR 2006-5012 Source_Contribution: This data source contributed total (kilograms) nitrogen inputs from animal manure by county for years 1982, 1987, 1992, 1997. These county nitrogen inputs were apportioned by county and NLCDe 92 land use within the well buffers. The fertilizer data from SIR 2006-5012 was not used. Instead, the fertilizer data were replaced by data developed by Dubrovsky, Spahr, and Gronberg (written communication, October 21, 2008). Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Curtis Price Originator: Harold House Publication_Date: 20051101 Title: NAWQA sampling points (NAWQAPT) Edition: November 2005 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Type_of_Source_Media: digital files Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20051105 Source_Currentness_Reference: current Source_Citation_Abbreviation: NAWQAPT Source_Contribution: The location of all of the NAWQA sampling sites as of publication date. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Curtis Price Originator: Harold House Publication_Date: 20051223 Title: NAWQA sampling points (NAWQAPT) Edition: December 2005 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Type_of_Source_Media: digital files Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20051223 Source_Currentness_Reference: current Source_Citation_Abbreviation: NAWQAPT Source_Contribution: The location of gaflsus4 sampling sites that were added since November 2005. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Naomi Nakagaki Originator: Curtis V. Price Originator: James A. Falcone Originator: Kerie J. Hitt Originator: Barbara C. Ruddy Publication_Date: 200711 Title: Enhanced National Land Cover Data 1992 (NLCDe 92) Edition: 1.0, 2005 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Sacramento, CA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: http://water.usgs.gov/lookup/getspatial?nlcde92 Type_of_Source_Media: digital files Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 1986 Ending_Date: 1995 Source_Currentness_Reference: Publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: NLCDe 92 Source_Contribution: This source provided a 30-m resolution grid of land cover representative of the 1990s. NLCDe 92 was used to apportion county estimates of nitrogen inputs from fertilizer and manure to agricultural land to the counties within the well buffers. NLCDe 92 is the nationally-consistent source of mapped land cover used by the USGS National Water-Quality Assessment Program to analyze data collected during the first decade of sampling from 1991-2001. NLCDe 92 has a 25-category land-cover classification scheme and is available as 30-meter resolution raster data. The NLCDe 92 was clipped to the U.S. boundary and shoreline. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Jo Ann Gronberg Publication_Date: 20050907 Title: GRID CO1990G -- 30-meter resolution grid of 1990 county boundaries Type_of_Source_Media: digital files Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2005 Source_Currentness_Reference: Publication date of county boundary data Source_Citation_Abbreviation: CO1990g Source_Contribution: This source contributed a 30-m resolution grid of county boundaries and FIPS codes, generated from a 100K county polygon coverage (COUNTY100) with medium resolution shoreline from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The county grid was used to apportion county estimates of nitrogen inputs from fertilizer and manure to NLCDe 92 agricultural land use for the counties within the well buffers. Process_Step: Process_Date: 20040805 Process_Description: The basic procedure was to create a 500-m radius circular buffer around each NAWQA sampling site, then calculate a weighted average for the buffer for nitrogen from fertilizer and manure. Data processing occurs at 30 meters resolution. The grid representing the 500-m buffer around the site was created using GRID SELECTCIRCLE. The location of each site in NAWQAPT (xcoord and ycoord) forms the center of the buffer. The average nitrogen input was determined for each ground water buffer by overlaying the buffer with counties and NLCDe 92 land use to create a set of county/land use weighting factors. The weighting factors show which counties and NLCDe 92 categories comprise the buffer and what fraction of the buffer each county/land use combination covers. The weighting factors are used to compute weighted averages for the nitrogen from fertilizer and manure. This avoids doing multiple overlays of the buffer, counties, and land use. Here is an example of the county/land use weight table for STAID 293615098262301 showing the confined and unconfined manure weighting factors. Confined animal manure is applied to NLCDe 92 classes 81, 82, 83, 84. Unconfined animal manure is applied to NLCDe 92 classes 71, 81, 82, 83, 84. !GWBUF_FIPSLU.AWT ! !FIPS NLCDE AREAKM2 AREAF COUNTY_KM2 COUNTY_F MANURE_CONF MANURE_CONF_KM2 MANURE_UCONF MANURE_UCONF_KM2 !48029 11 0.00450000 0.00573395 3254.9 0.00000138 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 !48029 22 0.06750000 0.08600917 3254.9 0.00002074 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 !48029 23 0.07110000 0.09059633 3254.9 0.00002184 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 !48029 31 0.00450000 0.00573395 3254.9 0.00000138 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 !48029 41 0.17550000 0.22362390 3254.9 0.00005392 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 !48029 42 0.35550000 0.45298170 3254.9 0.00010922 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 !48029 51 0.01080000 0.01376147 3254.9 0.00000332 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 !48029 71 0.05130000 0.06536698 3254.9 0.00001576 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00004887 1049.76800000 !48029 81 0.02340000 0.02981651 3254.9 0.00000719 0.00002822 829.24290000 0.00002229 1049.76800000 !48029 83 0.02070000 0.02637615 3254.9 0.00000636 0.00002496 829.24290000 0.00001972 1049.76800000 !FIPS is the county code. One county occurs in this particular buffer !NLCDE is the NLCDe 92 land use code. !AREAKM2 is the square kilometers of each county/land use combination in the ! buffer (Total AREAKM2 for a buffer should be about .785714). !AREAF is the fraction of the buffer represented by each ! county/land use combination. (AREAF = AREAKM2/total AREAKM2 for buffer) !COUNTY_KM2 is the total square kilometers of a county. !COUNTY_F is the fraction of the county represented by each county/land use ! combination. (COUNTY_F = AREAKM2/COUNTY_KM2) ! !MANURE_CONF_KM2 is the total square kilometers of [pasture/hay + ! row crops + small grains + fallow] in the county. !MANURE_CONF is the fraction of the county [pasture/hay + ! row crops + small grains + fallow] represented by county [pasture/hay + ! row crops + small grains + fallow] in the GW buffer. ! (MANURE_CONF = AREA_KM2/MANURE_CONF_KM2). ! Applies only to land use categories 81, 82, 83, 84. ! !MANURE_UCONF_KM2 is the total square kilometers of [grasslands + pasture/hay + ! row crops + small grains + fallow] in the county. !MANURE_UCONF is the fraction of the county [grasslands + pasture/hay + ! row crops + small grains + fallow] represented by county [grasslands + pasture/hay + ! row crops + small grains + fallow] in the GW buffer. ! (MANURE_UCONF = AREA_KM2/MANURE_UCONF_KM2). ! Applies only to land use categories 71, 81, 82, 83, 84. The manure nutrients data compiled for county 48029 are: !MAN82-97.DAT ! !NMAN92CONF = 242124 kg !NMAN92UCONF = 2504611 kg !NMAN97CONF = 220371 kg !NMAN97UCONF = 2533640 kg To obtain 1992 nitrogen from manure from confined animals for the buffer, multiply the total confined manure for the county by each confined land use fraction in the well buffer: ! CONF N fraction CONF N fraction ! for of for of ! county NLCDE 81 county NLCDE 82 ! in buffer in buffer !NMAN92CONF = (242124 * .00002822) + (242124 * .00002496) = 13 kg To obtain 1992 nitrogen from manure from unconfined animals for the buffer, multiply the total unconfined manure for the county by each unconfined land use fraction in the well buffer: ! UCONF N fraction UCONF N fraction UCONF N fraction ! for of for of for of ! county NLCDE 71 county NLCDE 81 county NLCDE 82 ! in buffer in buffer in buffer !NMAN92UCONF = (2504611 * .00004887) + (2504611 * .00002229) + (2504611 * .00001972) = 228 kg Here is an example of the county/land use weight table for STAID 293252098380801 showing the farm and non-farm fertilizer weighting factors. Farm fertilizer is applied to NLCDe 92 classes 61, 62, 81, 82, 83, 84 (ALLAG6). Non-farm fertilizer is applied to NLCDe 92 classes 21, 25, 26, 85. !GWBUF_FIPSLU.AWT ! !FIPS NLCDE AREAKM2 ALLAG6_KM2 ALLAG6 NONF_KM2 NONF !48029 11 0.00090000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 !48029 21 0.19890000 0.00000000 0.00000000 333.67320000 0.00059609 !48029 22 0.04230000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 !48029 23 0.12600000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 !48029 41 0.09000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 !48029 42 0.25560000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 !48029 51 0.03510000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 !48029 71 0.00720000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 !48029 81 0.00090000 829.81080000 0.00000108 0.00000000 0.00000000 !48029 83 0.01620000 829.81080000 0.00001952 0.00000000 0.00000000 !48029 85 0.00990000 0.00000000 0.00000000 333.67320000 0.00002967 !ALLAG6_KM2 is the total square kilometers of [orchards vineyards + ! revised orchard vineyards + row crops + small grains + pasture/hay + fallow] ! in the county. !ALLAG6 is the fraction of the county [orchards vineyards + ! revised orchard vineyards + row crops + small grains + pasture/hay + fallow] ! represented by county [orchards vineyards + revised orchard vineyards + ! row crops + small grains + pasture/hay + fallow] in the GW buffer. ! (ALLAG6 = AREA_KM2/ALLAG6_KM2). ! Applies only to land use categories 61, 62, 81, 82, 83, 84. ! !NONF_KM2 is the total square kilometers of [low-intensity residential + ! residential without trees + residential with trees + urban grasses] in the county. !NONF is the fraction of the county [low-intensity residential + ! residential without trees + residential with trees + urban grasses] ! represented by county [low-intensity residential + ! residential without trees + residential with trees + urban grasses] ! in the GW buffer. ! (NONF = AREA_KM2/NONF_KM2). ! Applies only to land use categories 21, 25, 26, 85. The fertilizer nutrients compiled for county 48029 are: !ALLN87-01.DAT !FARMN1992 = 3029739 kg !NONFN1992 = 1810226 kg To obtain 1992 nitrogen from farm fertilizer for the buffer, multiply the total farm fertilizer for the county by each farm fertilizer land use fraction in the well buffer: ! FARM N fraction FARM N fraction ! for of for of ! county NLCDE 81 county NLCDE 83 ! in buffer in buffer !FARMN92 = (3029739 * 0.00000108) + (3029739 * 0.00001952) = 62 kg To obtain 1992 nitrogen from nonfarm fertilizer for the buffer, multiply the total non-farm fertilizer for the county by each non-farm fertilizer land use fraction in the well buffer: ! NON-FARM N fraction NON-FARM N fraction ! for of for of ! county NLCDE 21 county NLCDE 85 ! in buffer in buffer !NONFN92 = (1810226 * 0.00059609) + (1810226 * 0.00002967) = 1133 kg Processing routines are from the NAWQA area characterization toolbox. (weightstats sum) Process_Step: Process_Date: 200511 Process_Description: All sites in NAWQAPT version 11/01/2005 were processed using a) fertilizer and manure county input data (fall 2005 version) and b) county/land use weighting factors from November 2005. The weighting factors were based on 30-m NLCDe 92 and 1990 county grids (September 2005 version). This data set included fertilizer data for gaflsus4 (locations were based on NAWQAPT version 12/23/2005), but was missing manure data for most of the wells in that network. Process_Step: Process_Date: 200810 Process_Description: Fertilizer and manure estimates were regenerated for the same set of sites as 2005 because of revisions to the county-level fertilizer input data. Although the county-level manure nitrogen input data did not change, the buffer estimates were regenerated to fill in manure values that were missing for about 25 wells in gaflsus4. Weighting factors used to apportion the fertilizer and manure county inputs were derived from NAWQA sampling sites in the November and December 2005 versions of NAWQAPT, the standard geospatial data set of NAWQA sampling site locations. (The locations depicted in the NAWQAPT spatial data sets are generated from the NAWQA Data Warehouse, which in turn is based on the National Water Information System or "NWIS.") Although the fertilizer data county estimates were revised in 2008, the kilograms were apportioned using weighting factors derived in November 2005, to be consistent with other cycle 1 data already processed and used in various components of the NAWQA Program. Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Indirect_Spatial_Reference: The data set is referenced by AREAID, the station id of the NAWQA sampling site. Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: The data set is organized by AREAID (station id). The nitrogen fertilizer and manure numbers represent weighted averages for the ground water buffer. Missing data is -9999. The fields are: !AREAID NAWQA station id ! ! FARM FERTILIZER !(Farm land = NLCDe 92 classes 61,62,81,82,83,84) !FARMN87 1987 nitrogen from fertilizer on farm land (kg) !FARMN88 1988 nitrogen from fertilizer on farm land (kg) !FARMN89 1989 nitrogen from fertilizer on farm land (kg) !FARMN90 1980 nitrogen from fertilizer on farm land (kg) !FARMN91 1991 nitrogen from fertilizer on farm land (kg) !FARMN92 1992 nitrogen from fertilizer on farm land (kg) !FARMN93 1993 nitrogen from fertilizer on farm land (kg) !FARMN94 1994 nitrogen from fertilizer on farm land (kg) !FARMN95 1995 nitrogen from fertilizer on farm land (kg) !FARMN96 1996 nitrogen from fertilizer on farm land (kg) !FARMN97 1997 nitrogen from fertilizer on farm land (kg) !FARMN98 1998 nitrogen from fertilizer on farm land (kg) !FARMN99 1999 nitrogen from fertilizer on farm land (kg) !FARMN00 2000 nitrogen from fertilizer on farm land (kg) !FARMN01 2001 nitrogen from fertilizer on farm land (kg) ! ! NONFARM FERTILIZER !(Nonfarm land = NLCDe 92 classes 21,25,26,85) !NONFN87 1987 nitrogen from fertilizer on non-farm land (kg) !NONFN88 1988 nitrogen from fertilizer on non-farm land (kg) !NONFN89 1989 nitrogen from fertilizer on non-farm land (kg) !NONFN90 1990 nitrogen from fertilizer on non-farm land (kg) !NONFN91 1991 nitrogen from fertilizer on non-farm land (kg) !NONFN92 1992 nitrogen from fertilizer on non-farm land (kg) !NONFN93 1993 nitrogen from fertilizer on non-farm land (kg) !NONFN94 1994 nitrogen from fertilizer on non-farm land (kg) !NONFN95 1995 nitrogen from fertilizer on non-farm land (kg) !NONFN96 1996 nitrogen from fertilizer on non-farm land (kg) !NONFN97 1997 nitrogen from fertilizer on non-farm land (kg) !NONFN98 1998 nitrogen from fertilizer on non-farm land (kg) !NONFN99 1999 nitrogen from fertilizer on non-farm land (kg) !NONFN00 2000 nitrogen from fertilizer on non-farm land (kg) !NONFN01 2001 nitrogen from fertilizer on non-farm land (kg) ! ! ! CONFINED MANURE !(NLCDe 92 classes 81,82,83,84) !NMAN82CONF 1982 nitrogen from manure from confined animals (kg) !NMAN87CONF 1987 nitrogen from manure from confined animals (kg) !NMAN92CONF 1992 nitrogen from manure from confined animals (kg) !NMAN97CONF 1997 nitrogen from manure from confined animals (kg) ! ! UNCONFINED MANURE !(NLCDe 92 classes 71,81,82,83,84) !NMAN82UCONF 1982 nitrogen from manure from unconfined animals (kg) !NMAN87UCONF 1987 nitrogen from manure from unconfined animals (kg) !NMAN92UCONF 1992 nitrogen from manure from unconfined animals (kg) !NMAN97UCONF 1997 nitrogen from manure from unconfined animals (kg) Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: None Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Kerie Hitt Contact_Organization: USGS NAWQA Nutrients National Synthesis Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing address Address: 413 National Center City: Reston State_or_Province: VA Postal_Code: 20192 Country: USA Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: kjhitt@usgs.gov Contact_Voice_Telephone: 703 648-6854 Contact_Instructions: Contact via email Distribution_Liability: USGS assumes no liability for the use of this data set. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20081125 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Kerie Hitt Contact_Organization: USGS NAWQA Nutrients National Synthesis Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing address Address: 413 National Center City: Reston State_or_Province: VA Postal_Code: 20192 Country: USA Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: kjhitt@usgs.gov Contact_Voice_Telephone: 703 648-6854 Contact_Instructions: Contact via email Metadata_Standard_Name: Content standards for digital geospatial metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998