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Datasets

CONUS404: Four-kilometer long-term regional hydroclimate reanalysis over the conterminous United States (ver. 3.0, June 2026)

Domain: Climate

Variables:

▶ Accumulated canopy dew rate; Accumulated canopy precipitation drip rate; Accumulated canopy snow drip rate; Accumulated net evaporation of canopy water; Accumulated net soil evaporation or snowpack sublimation; Accumulated energy influx from soil bottom; Accumulated total evaporation; Accumulated plant transpiration; Accumulated canopy evaporation; Accumulated latent heat flux over bare ground; Accumulated latent heat flux for canopy layer; Accumulated ground latent heat flux below canopy; Accumulated canopy frost; Accumulated refreezing of canopy liquid water; Accumulated heat flux into soil or snowpack for bare ground; Accumulated total ground heat flux into soil or snowpack; Accumulated heat flux into soil or snowpack under canopy; Accumulated ground heat flux; Accumulated upward sensible heat flux at the surface; Accumulated canopy rain interception rate; Accumulated canopy snow interception rate; Accumulated net longwave radiation for bare ground; Accumulated net longwave radiation from canopy; Accumulated net longwave radiation from ground below canopy; Accumulated upward latent heat flux at the surface; Accumulated total latent heat flux; Accumulated downwelling longwave radiation flux at bottom; Accumulated downwelling clear sky longwave radiation flux at bottom; Accumulated longwave downwelling radiation at land surface model; Accumulated downwelling longwave radiation flux at top; Accumulated downwelling clear sky longwave radiation flux at top; Accumulated upwelling longwave radiation flux at bottom; Accumulated upwelling clear sky longwave radiation flux at bottom; Accumulated longwave upwelling radiation at land surface model; Accumulated upwelling longwave radiation flux at top; Accumulated upwelling clear sky longwave radiation flux at top; Accumulated canopy snow melt; Accumulated precipitation advected energy to bare ground; Accumulated precipitation advected energy to below canopy; Accumulated total precipitation heat flux advected to surface; Accumulated precipitation advected energy to vegetation; Accumulated surface ponding from complete pack melt; Accumulated groundwater lateral flow; Accumulated groundwater baseflow; Accumulated liquid precipitation into land surface model; Accumulated rain on snow pack; Accumulated subsurface runoff; Accumulated surface runoff; Accumulated solar radiation absorbed by bare ground; Accumulated solar radiation absorbed by vegetated ground; Accumulated solar radiation absorbed by vegetated fraction; Accumulated sensible heat flux at bare fraction; Accumulated sensible heat flux, canopy to atmosphere; Accumulated total sensible heat flux; Accumulated sensible heat flux from ground below canopy; Accumulated liquid water flux out of bottom of snowpack; Accumulated snowpack frost; Accumulated total liquid water out of the snowpack; Accumulated frozen precipitation into land surface model; Accumulated snowpack sublimation; Accumulated canopy snow sublimation; Accumulated downwelling shortwave radiation flux at bottom; Accumulated downwelling clear sky shortwave radiation flux at bottom; Accumulated shortwave radiation down at land surface model; Accumulated downwelling shortwave radiation flux at top; Accumulated downwelling clear sky shortwave radiation flux at top; Accumulated upwelling shortwave radiation flux at bottom; Accumulated upwelling clear sky shortwave radiation flux at bottom; Accumulated shortwave radiation up at land surface model; Accumulated upwelling shortwave radiation flux at top; Accumulated upwelling clear sky shortwave radiation flux at top; Accumulated canopy rain throughfall; Accumulated canopy snow throughfall; Accumulated transpiration; Background surface albedo; Surface albedo including snow effects; Canopy intercepted ice mass; Canopy intercepted water; 2nd order extrapolation constant; 2nd order extrapolation constant; 2nd order extrapolation constant; Extrapolation constant; Extrapolation constant; Computational grid latitude, south is negative; Cloud fraction; Local cosine of map rotation; Cosine of solar zenith angle; Thickness of soil layers; Coriolis cosine latitude term; Surface emissivity; Coriolis sine latitude term; Upper weight for vertical stretching; Lower weight for vertical stretching; Lowest model pressure into land surface model; Lowest model mixing ratio into land surface model; Lowest model temperature into land surface model; Lowest model wind speed into land surface model; Lowest model height above ground level (AGL) into land surface model; Downward long wave flux at ground surface; Accumulated total grid scale graupel; Accumulated graupel water equivalent; Ground heat flux; Maximum column-integrated graupel; Accumulated total grid scale hail; Maximum hail diameter entire column; Maximum hail diameter; Upward heat flux at the surface; Single-column model (SCM) ideal surface sensible heat flux; Single-column model (SCM) ideal surface sensible heat flux tendency; Terrain Height; Array to hold seed for restart, RAND_PERT2; Array to hold seed for restart, RAND_PERT4; Array to hold seed for restart, RAND_PERT3; Array to hold seed for restart, RAND_PERT; Array to hold seed for restart, stochastic kinetic-energy backscatter scheme (SKEBS); Array to hold seed for restart, stochastically perturbed physics tendencies (SPPT); Dominant soil category; Daily maximum water vapor mixing ratio at 2 meters; Daily mean water vapor mixing ratio at 2 meters; Daily minimum water vapor mixing ratio at 2 meters; Daily standard deviation of water vapor mixing ratio at 2 meters; Daily maximum cumulus precipitation flux; Daily mean cumulus precipitation flux; Daily standard deviation of cumulus precipitation flux; Daily maximum grid scale precipitation flux; Daily mean grid scale precipitation flux; Daily standard deviation of grid scale precipitation; Daily maximum skin temperature; Daily mean skin temperature; Daily minimum skin temperature; Daily standard deviation of skin temperature; Daily maximum wind speed at 10 meters; Daily mean wind speed at 10 meters; Daily standard deviation of wind speed at 10 meters; Daily maximum temperature at 2 meters; Daily mean temperature at 2 meters; Daily minimum temperature at 2 meters; Daily standard deviation of temperature at 2 meters; Time of daily maximum water vapor mixing ratio at 2 meters; Time of daily minimum water vapor mixing ratio at 2 meters; Time of daily maximum cumulus precipitation flux; Time of daily maximum grid scale precipitation flux; Time of daily maximum skin temperature; Time of daily minimum skin temperature; Time of daily maximum wind speed at 10 meters; Time of daily maximum temperature at 2 meters; Time of daily minimum temperature at 2 meters; Model time; Daily maximum U-component of wind at 10 meters with respect to model grid; Daily mean U-component of wind at 10 meters with respect to model grid; Daily standard deviation of U-component of wind at 10 meters with respect to model grid; Daily maximum V-component of wind at 10 meters with respect to model grid; Daily mean V-component of wind at 10 meters with respect to model grid; Daily standard deviation of V-component of wind at 10 meters with respect to model grid; Daily maximum water vapor mixing ratio at 2 meters; Daily mean water vapor mixing ratio at 2 meters; Daily minimum water vapor mixing ratio at 2 meters; Daily standard deviation of water vapor mixing ratio at 2 meters; Daily maximum cumulus precipitation flux; Daily mean cumulus precipitation flux; Daily standard deviation of cumulus precipitation flux; Daily maximum grid scale precipitation flux; Daily mean grid scale precipitation flux; Daily standard deviation of grid scale precipitation; Daily maximum skin temperature; Daily mean skin temperature; Daily minimum skin temperature; Daily standard deviation of skin temperature; Daily maximum wind speed at 10 meters; Daily mean wind speed at 10 meters; Daily standard deviation of wind speed at 10 meters; Daily maximum temperature at 2 meters; Daily mean temperature at 2 meters; Daily minimum temperature at 2 meters; Daily standard deviation of temperature at 2 meters; Time of daily maximum water vapor mixing ratio at 2 meters; Time of daily minimum water vapor mixing ratio at 2 meters; Time of daily maximum cumulus precipitation flux; Time of daily maximum grid scale precipitation flux; Time of daily maximum skin temperature; Time of daily minimum skin temperature; Time of daily maximum wind speed at 10 meters; Time of daily maximum temperature at 2 meters; Time of daily minimum temperature at 2 meters; Model time in string format; Daily maximum U-component of wind at 10 meters with respect to model grid; Daily mean U-component of wind at 10 meters with respect to model grid; Daily standard deviation of U-component of wind at 10 meters with respect to model grid; Daily maximum V-component of wind at 10 meters with respect to model grid; Daily mean V-component of wind at 10 meters with respect to model grid; Daily standard deviation of V-component of wind at 10 meters with respect to model grid

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Spatial Resolution: 4 kilometer

Temporal Frequency: hourly; daily

Temporal Coverage: 1979 - 2024

Spatial Extent: CONUS

Source: USGS; NCAR

Update Type: Static

Access: hytest-org.github.io ZARR sciencebase.gov NC WMA STAC ZARR

Description:

CONUS404 is a unique, high-resolution hydro-climate dataset appropriate for forcing hydrological models and conducting meteorological analysis over the contiguous United States. CONUS404, so named because it covers the CONtiguous United States for 40 years at 4-km resolution, was produced by the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model simulations run by National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) as part of a collaboration with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Water Mission Area. In fact, CONUS404 includes 43 years of data (water years 1980-2022) and the spatial domain extends beyond the CONUS into Canada and Mexico, thereby capturing transboundary river basins and covering all contributing areas for the CONUS surface waters.
The CONUS404 dataset, produced using WRF version 3.9.1.1, is the successor to the CONUS1 dataset (Liu and others, 2017) with improved representation of weather and climate conditions in the central United States due to the addition of a shallow groundwater module and several other improvements in the Noah-Multiparameterization (Noah-MP) Land Surface Model. It also uses a more up-to-date and higher-resolution reanalysis dataset (ERA5; Hersbach and others, 2020) as input and covers a longer period than CONUS1.

Citation:

Rasmussen, R.M., Chen, F., Liu, C., Ikeda, K., Prein, A., Kim, J., Schneider, T., Dai, A., Gochis, D., Dugger, A., Zhang, Y., Jaye, A., Dudhia, J., He, C., Harrold, M., Xue, L., Chen, S., Newman, A., Dougherty, E., Abolafia-Rozenzweig, R., Lybarger, N., Viger, R., Dunne, K., Rasmussen, K., and Miguez-Macho, G., 2023, CONUS404: Four-kilometer long-term regional hydroclimate reanalysis over the conterminous United States (ver. 3.0, June 2026): U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9PHPK4F .

Linked Catalog Datasets:

Linked Catalog Usecases:

IsSourceOf Water Mission Area STAC Catalog

Additional Information:

Metadata Documentation