<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="fgdc_classic.xsl"?>
<metadata xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/fgdc-std-001-1998.xsd">
	<idinfo>
		<citation>
			<citeinfo>
				<origin>David M. Wolock</origin>
				<pubdate>2003</pubdate>
				<title>Base-flow index grid for the conterminous United States</title>
				<geoform>raster digital data</geoform>
				<serinfo>
					<sername>U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report</sername>
					<issue>03-263</issue>
				</serinfo>
				<pubinfo>
					<pubplace>Reston, Virginia</pubplace>
					<publish>U.S. Geological Survey</publish>
				</pubinfo>
				<onlink>https://water.usgs.gov/lookup/getspatial?bfi48grd</onlink>
			</citeinfo>
		</citation>
		<descript>
			<abstract>This 1-kilometer raster (grid) dataset for the conterminous United States was created by i
nterpolating base-flow index (BFI) values estimated at U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) 
streamgages. Base flow is the component of streamflow that can be attributed to ground-water 
discharge into streams.</abstract>
			<purpose>The base-flow index (BFI) grid for the conterminous United States was developed to estimate 
(1) BFI values for ungaged streams, and 
(2) ground-water recharge throughout the conterminous United States 
(see Supplemental_Information). 
Estimates of BFI values at ungaged streams and BFI-based ground-water recharge estimates 
are useful for interpreting relations between land use and water quality in surface and ground water.
			</purpose>
			<supplinf>(1) Background on the base-flow index (BFI):
		
Base flow is the component of streamflow that can be attributed to ground-water discharge into streams. 
The BFI is the ratio of base flow to total flow, expressed as a percentage. 
		
The BFI grid was interpolated from BFI point values estimated for USGS streamgages (Wolock, 2003a). 
These point values were computed using an automated hydrograph separation computer program called 
the BFI program (Wahl and Wahl, 1988; 1995). Regarding this computer program, the BFI Web page 
(http://www.usbr.gov/pmts/hydraulics_lab/twahl/bfi/index.html) states:
		
&quot;The BFI program was developed to make the base-flow separation process less tedious and more 
objective. The program implements a deterministic procedure proposed in 1980 by the British Institute of 
Hydrology (Institute of Hydrology, 1980). The method combines a local minimums approach with a recession 
slope test. The program estimates the annual base-flow volume of unregulated rivers and streams and computes 
an annual base-flow index (BFI, the ratio of base flow to total flow volume for a given year) for multiple years of 
data at one or more gage sites. Although the method may not yield the true base flow as might be determined 
by a more sophisticated analysis, the index has been found to be consistent and indicative of base flow, and 
thus may be useful for analysis of long term base-flow trends. Users should be very cautious about using 
methods such as this for short-term storm events or for locations where streamflow is affected by upstream 
regulation, such as reservoir releases. In general, the method interprets most regulated releases as base flow. 
If the program is used for regulated streams, the effects of regulation must be carefully accounted for through 
manual adjustment of the program output.&quot;
		
(2) Estimation of base-flow index (BFI) values for ungaged streams:
		
In a previous analysis of historical streamgage data (Wolock, 2003a), BFI values were estimated for more 
than 19,000 streamgages. Using a subset of this large dataset, a regression equation that could predict BFI 
values from drainage basin characteristics was developed, but the predictive power of the equation was limited. 
As an alternative approach, the BFI grid was produced (see Process_Description) and provided a statistically 
more powerful method to estimate BFI values at ungaged streams. 
		
The method used to estimate a BFI value for an ungaged stream only requires that the drainage basin be 
delineated for that stream. The average value for the BFI grid within the drainage basin of the ungaged stream 
is used as the estimate of the BFI value for the stream. This method was applied to a set of 473 gaged streams 
(with drainage basin areas ranging from 32 to 119,000 square kilometers), and the grid-based and streamgage 
estimates of BFI values were compared. The percentage explained variance (R-square value) was 67 percent 
in the analysis.
			
(3) Estimation of natural ground-water recharge throughout the conterminous United States:
		
A raster dataset of natural ground-water recharge can be created by multiplying the grid of base-flow index 
(BFI) values by a grid of mean annual runoff values. For example, Wolock (2003b) created a natural 
ground-water recharge dataset by multiplying the BFI grid by a mean annual runoff grid derived from 
Gebert&apos;s 1951-80 mean annual runoff contour map (Gebert and others, 1987). This approach is 
similar to those reported in some other studies (Holtschlag, 1997; Dumouchelle and Schiefer, 2002).
		
The concept used to generate a natural ground-water recharge grid in this manner is based on two 
assumptions: (1) long-term average natural ground-water recharge is equal to long-term average natural 
ground-water discharge, and (2) the BFI reasonably represents, over the long term, the percentage of 
ground-water discharge in streamflow. This approach to estimating ground-water recharge is likely to 
underestimate &quot;true&quot; recharge in areas where irrigation is used extensively and also in 
areas where ground-water evapotranspiration is significant. More details about the approach and its 
limitations can be found in Wolock (2003b).
		
Supplemental Information References:
		
Dumouchelle, D.D., and Schiefer, M.C., 2002, Use of streamflow records and basin characteristics 
to estimate ground-water recharge rates in Ohio: Columbus, Ohio,  Ohio Department of Natural 
Resources, Division of Water, Bulletin 46, 45 p.
		
Gebert, W.A., Graczyk, D.J., and Krug, W.R., 1987, Average annual runoff in the United States, 
1951-80: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Investigations Atlas HA-710, 1 sheet, scale 1:7,500,000.
		
Holtschlag, D.J., 1997, A generalized estimate of ground-water recharge rates in the Lower Peninsula 
of Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2437, 37 p. 
		
Institute of Hydrology, 1980, Low flow studies: Wallingford, U.K., Institute of Hydrology, Research 
Report 1, variously paged.
		
Wahl, K.L., and Wahl, T.L., 1988, Effects of regional ground-water declines on streamflows in the 
Oklahoma Panhandle, in Proceedings of Symposium on Water-Use Data for Water Resources
 Management: Tucson, Arizona, American Water Resources Association, p. 239-249, information 
available on the World Wide Web, accessed March 25, 2003, at 
URL http://www.usbr.gov/pmts/hydraulics_lab/twahl/bfi/bfi_beaver_river.pdf
		
Wahl, K.L., and Wahl, T.L., 1995, Determining the flow of Comal Springs at New Braunfels, Texas, in 
Proceedings of Texas Water &apos;95, August 16-17, 1995, San Antonio, Texas: American Society of 
Civil Engineers, p. 77-86, information available on the World Wide Web, accessed March 25, 2003, at 
URL http://www.usbr.gov/pmts/hydraulics_lab/twahl/bfi/texaswater95/comalsprings.html
		
Wolock, D.M., 2003a, Flow characteristics at U.S. Geological Survey streamgages in the conterminous 
United States: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 03-146, digital dataset, available on the World 
Wide Web, accessed June 30, 2003, at URL https://water.usgs.gov/lookup/getspatial?qsitesdd
		
Wolock, D.M., 2003b, Estimated mean annual natural ground-water recharge estimates in the 
conterminous United States: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 03-311, digital dataset, 
available on the World Wide Web, accessed August 20, 2003, at 
URL https://water.usgs.gov/lookup/getspatial?rech48grd
			</supplinf>
		</descript>
		<timeperd>
			<timeinfo>
				<rngdates>
					<begdate>1884</begdate>
					<begtime>unknown</begtime>
					<enddate>2001</enddate>
					<endtime>unknown</endtime>
				</rngdates>
			</timeinfo>
			<current>Varies among streamgages used in interpolation</current>
		</timeperd>
		<status>
			<progress>Complete</progress>
			<update>None planned</update>
		</status>
		<spdom>
			<bounding>
				<westbc>-127.887748</westbc>
				<eastbc>-65.346810</eastbc>
				<northbc>51.608329</northbc>
				<southbc>22.860749</southbc>
			</bounding>
		</spdom>
		<keywords>
			<theme>
				<themekt>USGS Thesaurus</themekt>
				<themekey>Base-flow index</themekey>
				<themekey>inlandWaters</themekey>
			</theme>
			<theme>
				<themekt>ISO 19115 Topic Category</themekt>
				<themekey>geoscientificInformation</themekey>
				<themekey>inlandWaters</themekey>
				<themekey>environment</themekey>
			</theme>
			<place>
				<placekt>Geographic Names Information System</placekt>
				<placekey>Conterminous United States</placekey>
			</place>
		</keywords>
		<accconst>None</accconst>
		<useconst>The BFI grid was interpolated from BFI point values estimated for USGS streamgages 
(Wolock, 2003a). These point values were computed using an automated hydrograph separation computer 
program called the BFI program (Wahl and Wahl, 1988; 1995). Regarding this computer program, the BFI 
Web page (http://www.usbr.gov/pmts/hydraulics_lab/twahl/bfi/index.html) states:
		
&quot;The BFI program was developed to make the base-flow separation process less tedious and more 
objective. The program implements a deterministic procedure proposed in 1980 by the British Institute of 
Hydrology. The method combines a local minimums approach with a recession slope test. The program 
estimates the annual base-flow volume of unregulated rivers and streams and computes an annual base-flow 
index (BFI, the ratio of base flow to total flow volume for a given year) for multiple years of data at one or more 
gage sites. Although the method may not yield the true base flow as might be determined by a more 
sophisticated analysis, the index has been found to be consistent and indicative of base flow, and thus 
may be useful for analysis of long term base-flow trends. Users should be very cautious about using 
methods such as this for short-term storm events or for locations where streamflow is affected by upstream 
regulation, such as reservoir releases. In general, the method interprets most regulated releases as base 
flow. If the program is used for regulated streams, the effects of regulation must be carefully accounted 
for through manual adjustment of the program output.&quot;
		
The base-flow index grid can be used to estimate natural recharge to ground water. 
(See Supplemental_Information.) The base-flow index approach to estimating ground-water recharge is likely to 
underestimate &quot;true&quot; recharge in areas where irrigation is used extensively and also in areas where 
ground-water evapotranspiration is significant. More details about the approach and its limitations can be found 
in Wolock (2003b).
		
Use Constraints References:
		
Wahl, K.L., and Wahl, T.L., 1988, Effects of regional ground-water declines on streamflows in the Oklahoma 
Panhandle, in Proceedings of Symposium on Water-Use Data for Water Resources Management: Tucson, 
Arizona, American Water Resources Association, p. 239-249, information available on the World Wide Web, 
accessed March 25, 2003, at URL http://www.usbr.gov/pmts/hydraulics_lab/twahl/bfi/bfi_beaver_river.pdf
		
Wahl, K.L., and Wahl, T.L., 1995, Determining the flow of Comal Springs at New Braunfels, Texas, in 
Proceedings of Texas Water &apos;95, August 16-17, 1995, San Antonio, Texas: American Society 
of Civil Engineers, p. 77-86, information available on the World Wide Web, accessed March 25, 2003, 
at URL http://www.usbr.gov/pmts/hydraulics_lab/twahl/bfi/texaswater95/comalsprings.html
		
Wolock, D.M., 2003a, Flow characteristics at U.S. Geological Survey streamgages in the conterminous 
United States: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 03-146, digital dataset, available on the World 
Wide Web, accessed June 30, 2003, at URL https://water.usgs.gov/lookup/getspatial?qsitesdd
		
Wolock, D.M., 2003b, Estimated mean annual natural ground-water recharge estimates in the conterminous 
United States: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 03-311, digital dataset, available on the World Wide 
Web, accessed August 20, 2003, at URL https://water.usgs.gov/lookup/getspatial?rech48grd
		</useconst>
		<ptcontac>
			<cntinfo>
				<cntperp>
					<cntper>David M. Wolock</cntper>
					<cntorg>U.S. Geological Survey</cntorg>
				</cntperp>
				<cntpos>Research Hydrologist</cntpos>
				<cntaddr>
					<addrtype>mailing and physical address</addrtype>
					<address>U.S. Geological Survey</address>
					<address>4821 Quail Crest Place</address>
					<city>Lawrence</city>
					<state>KS</state>
					<postal>66049</postal>
					<country>USA</country>
				</cntaddr>
				<cntvoice>1-888-275-8747</cntvoice>
				<cntfax>785-832-3500</cntfax>
				<cntemail>dwolock@usgs.gov</cntemail>
			</cntinfo>
		</ptcontac>
		<browse>
			<browsen>https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/browse/bfi48grd.jpg</browsen>
			<browsed>illustration of data set</browsed>
			<browset>jpg</browset>
		</browse>
		<datacred>Kyle Juracek and Al Rutledge, both of the U.S. Geological Survey, reviewed the metadata.</datacred>
		<secinfo>
			<secsys>None</secsys>
			<secclass>Unclassified</secclass>
			<sechandl>None</sechandl>
		</secinfo>
		<native>Microsoft Windows 2000 Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 1; ESRI ArcCatalog 8.3.0.800</native>
	</idinfo>
	<dataqual>
		<logic>None</logic>
		<complete>None</complete>
		<lineage>
			<srcinfo>
				<srccite>
					<citeinfo>
						<origin>David M. Wolock</origin>
						<pubdate>2003</pubdate>
						<pubtime>Unknown</pubtime>
						<title>Flow characteristics at U.S. Geological Survey streamgages in the conterminous United States</title>
						<geoform>vector digital data</geoform>
						<serinfo>
							<sername>U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report</sername>
							<issue>03-146</issue>
						</serinfo>
						<pubinfo>
							<pubplace>Reston, VA</pubplace>
							<publish>U.S. Geological Survey</publish>
						</pubinfo>
						<onlink>https://water.usgs.gov/lookup/getspatial?qsitesdd</onlink>
					</citeinfo>
				</srccite>
				<typesrc>online</typesrc>
				<srctime>
					<timeinfo>
						<sngdate>
							<caldate>2003</caldate>
							<time>unknown</time>
						</sngdate>
					</timeinfo>
					<srccurr>publication date</srccurr>
				</srctime>
				<srccitea>qsitesdd</srccitea>
				<srccontr>The source provided point values of base-flow index estimates at U.S. Geological Survey streamgage locations.</srccontr>
			</srcinfo>
			<procstep>
				<procdesc>Base-Flow Index Estimation:
		
The base-flow index raster dataset was interpolated from a point dataset of USGS streamgage BFI 
values (Wolock, 2003). The streamgage BFI values were computed for each of the USGS streamgages 
in the historical database (more than 19,000 stations) using a Fortran program written by Tony Wahl 
(Bureau of Reclamation, U.S. Department of the Interior) and Ken Wahl (USGS) 
(http://www.usbr.gov/pmts/hydraulics_lab/twahl/bfi/) (Wahl and Wahl, 1988; 1995). 
		
A subset of the streamgage BFI values was selected before the interpolation process. 
The criteria for including a streamgage in the interpolation were (1) a period of record of 
at least 10 years of daily streamflow data, and (2) a maximum drainage basin area of 1,000 
square miles (2,590 square kilometers). The first criterion selects streamgages with a 
reasonably long period of record, thereby averaging year-to-year variability in BFI values. 
The second criterion minimizes the effects of routing within the stream network on BFI values. 
Applying these selection criteria resulted in a point dataset of 8,249 streamgage BFI values. 
The mean period of record in the dataset was 33 years, and the mean drainage basin area 
was 204 square miles (528 square kilometers).
		
The point dataset of streamgage BFI values was interpolated to a raster dataset using the 
ARCINFO inverse distance weighting interpolation method. (The use of firm, trade, and brand 
names is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. 
Geological Survey.) The grid-cell size was set to 1 kilometer, and default interpolation 
parameter values were used except for the &quot;power&quot; parameter, which was set to 
a value of 0.5. The &quot;power&quot; parameter controls the significance of surrounding 
points on the interpolated value; a higher value results in less effect from distant points. 
Using a &quot;power&quot; value of 0.5 produced a smooth interpolated grid that performed 
the best in statistical tests (see Supplemental_Information).
		
Process Step References:
		
Wahl, K.L., and Wahl, T.L., 1988, Effects of regional ground-water declines on streamflows in 
the Oklahoma Panhandle, in Proceedings of Symposium on Water-Use Data for Water 
Resources Management: Tucson, Arizona, American Water Resources Association, p. 239-249, 
information available on the World Wide Web, accessed March 25, 2003, at URL 
http://www.usbr.gov/pmts/hydraulics_lab/twahl/bfi/bfi_beaver_river.pdf
		
Wahl, K.L., and Wahl, T.L., 1995, Determining the flow of Comal Springs at New Braunfels, 
Texas, in Proceedings of Texas Water &apos;95,  August 16-17, 1995, San Antonio, Texas: 
American Society of Civil Engineers, p. 77-86, information available on the World Wide Web,
 accessed March 25, 2003, at URL 
http://www.usbr.gov/pmts/hydraulics_lab/twahl/bfi/texaswater95/comalsprings.html
		
Wolock, D.M., 2003, Flow characteristics at U.S. Geological Survey streamgages in the 
conterminous United States: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 03-146, digital dataset, 
available on the World Wide Web, accessed June 30, 2003, at 
URL https://water.usgs.gov/lookup/getspatial?qsitesdd
				</procdesc>
				<procdate>20030325</procdate>
				<proccont>
					<cntinfo>
						<cntperp>
							<cntper>David M. Wolock</cntper>
							<cntorg>U.S. Geological Survey</cntorg>
						</cntperp>
						<cntpos>Research Hydrologist</cntpos>
						<cntaddr>
							<addrtype>mailing and physical address</addrtype>
							<address>U.S. Geological Survey</address>
							<address>4821 Quail Crest Place</address>
							<city>Lawrence</city>
							<state>KS</state>
							<postal>66049</postal>
							<country>USA</country>
						</cntaddr>
						<cntvoice>1-888-275-8747</cntvoice>
						<cntfax>785-832-3500</cntfax>
						<cntemail>dwolock@usgs.gov</cntemail>
					</cntinfo>
				</proccont>
			</procstep>
		</lineage>
	</dataqual>
	<spdoinfo>
		<direct>Raster</direct>
		<rastinfo>
			<rasttype>Grid Cell</rasttype>
			<rowcount>2905</rowcount>
			<colcount>4614</colcount>
			<vrtcount>1</vrtcount>
		</rastinfo>
	</spdoinfo>
	<spref>
		<horizsys>
			<planar>
				<mapproj>
					<mapprojn>Albers Conical Equal Area</mapprojn>
					<albers>
						<stdparll>29.500000</stdparll>
						<stdparll>45.500000</stdparll>
						<longcm>-96.000000</longcm>
						<latprjo>23.000000</latprjo>
						<feast>0.000000</feast>
						<fnorth>0.000000</fnorth>
					</albers>
				</mapproj>
				<planci>
					<plance>row and column</plance>
					<coordrep>
						<absres>1000.000000</absres>
						<ordres>1000.000000</ordres>
					</coordrep>
					<plandu>meters</plandu>
				</planci>
			</planar>
			<geodetic>
				<horizdn>North American Datum of 1983</horizdn>
				<ellips>Geodetic Reference System 80</ellips>
				<semiaxis>6378137.000000</semiaxis>
				<denflat>298.257222</denflat>
			</geodetic>
		</horizsys>
	</spref>
	<eainfo>
		<detailed>
			<enttyp>
				<enttypl>bfi48grd</enttypl>
				<enttypd>Base-flow index</enttypd>
				<enttypds>Wolock</enttypds>
			</enttyp>
			<attr>
				<attrlabl>ObjectID</attrlabl>
				<attrdef>Internal identification value</attrdef>
				<attrdefs>ESRI</attrdefs>
				<attrdomv>
					<udom>Automatically assigned</udom>
				</attrdomv>
			</attr>
			<attr>
				<attrlabl>VALUE</attrlabl>
				<attrdef>Base-flow index value (percent)</attrdef>
				<attrdefs>Wolock</attrdefs>
				<attrdomv>
					<rdom>
						<rdommin>0</rdommin>
						<rdommax>91</rdommax>
						<attrunit>Percent</attrunit>
						<attrmres>1</attrmres>
					</rdom>
				</attrdomv>
			</attr>
			<attr>
				<attrlabl>COUNT</attrlabl>
				<attrdef>Number of grid cells with corresponding &quot;Value&quot;</attrdef>
				<attrdefs>ESRI</attrdefs>
				<attrdomv>
					<rdom>
						<rdommin>1</rdommin>
						<rdommax>139204</rdommax>
						<attrunit>square kilometers</attrunit>
						<attrmres>1 kilometer</attrmres>
					</rdom>
				</attrdomv>
			</attr>
		</detailed>
		<overview>
			<eaover>
The &quot;VALUE&quot; in the grid is the BFI value expressed as a percentage. In other words, 
a BFI value of 25 indicates that base flow is estimated to be 25 percent of the total streamflow 
measured during the period of record.</eaover>
			<eadetcit>Wolock</eadetcit>
		</overview>
	</eainfo>
	<distinfo>
		<distrib>
			<cntinfo>
				<cntorgp>
					<cntorg>U.S. Geological Survey</cntorg>
					<cntper>Michael Ierardi</cntper>
				</cntorgp>
				<cntpos>IT Specialist</cntpos>
				<cntaddr>
					<addrtype>mailing and physical</addrtype>
					<address>445 National Center</address>
					<city>Reston</city>
					<state>Virginia</state>
					<postal>20192</postal>
					<country>USA</country>
				</cntaddr>
				<cntvoice>1-888-275-8747 (1-888-ASK-USGS)</cntvoice>
				<cntemail>mierardi@usgs.gov</cntemail>
			</cntinfo>
		</distrib>
		<distliab>Although this data set has been used by the U.S. Geological
Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior, no warranty expressed or
implied is made by the U.S. Geological Survey as to the accuracy
of the data and related materials. The act of distribution shall not 
constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by 
the U.S. Geological Survey in the use of this data, software, or 
related materials.
		
Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive
purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S.
Government.</distliab>
		<stdorder>

			<digform>
				<digtinfo>
					<formname>GRID</formname>
					<formcont>Full coverage</formcont>
					<filedec>Winzipped</filedec>
					<transize>1</transize>
				</digtinfo>
				<digtopt>
					<onlinopt>
						<computer>
							<networka>
								<networkr>https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/dsdl/bfi48grd.zip</networkr>
							</networka>
						</computer>
					</onlinopt>
				</digtopt>
			</digform>		
		
			<digform>
				<digtinfo>
					<formname>Export</formname>
					<formcont>Full coverage</formcont>
					<filedec>gunzipped</filedec>
					<transize>1</transize>
				</digtinfo>
				<digtopt>
					<onlinopt>
						<computer>
							<networka>
								<networkr>https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/dsdl/bfi48grd.tar.gz</networkr>
							</networka>
						</computer>
					</onlinopt>
				</digtopt>
			</digform>
			
			<digform>
				<digtinfo>
					<formname>Export</formname>
					<formcont>Full coverage</formcont>
					<filedec>gunzipped</filedec>
					<transize>1</transize>
				</digtinfo>
				<digtopt>
					<onlinopt>
						<computer>
							<networka>
								<networkr>https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/dsdl/bfi48grd.tgz</networkr>
							</networka>
						</computer>
					</onlinopt>
				</digtopt>
			</digform>			
			
			<fees>None. This dataset is provided by USGS as a public service.</fees>
		</stdorder>
	</distinfo>
	<metainfo>
		<metd>20041108</metd>
		<metc>
			<cntinfo>
				<cntorgp>
					<cntorg>U.S. Geological Survey</cntorg>
				</cntorgp>
				<cntpos>Ask USGS -- Water Webserver Team</cntpos>
				<cntaddr>
					<addrtype>mailing</addrtype>
					<address>445 National Center</address>
					<city>Reston</city>
					<state>VA</state>
					<postal>20192</postal>
				</cntaddr>
				<cntvoice>1-888-275-8747 (1-888-ASK-USGS)</cntvoice>
				<cntemail>mierardi@usgs.gov</cntemail>
			</cntinfo>
		</metc>
		<metstdn>FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata</metstdn>
		<metstdv>FGDC-STD-001-1998</metstdv>
	</metainfo>
</metadata>
