SUTRA model used to evaluate the effects of groundwater withdrawal and injection, Kaloko-Honokōhau National Historical Park, Hawaiʻi

A three-dimensional, variable-density solute-transport model (SUTRA) was developed to evaluate the effects of three selected withdrawal/injection scenarios on salinity of groundwater (as simulated at damselfly anchialine-pool habitat) and discharge of freshwater to the nearshore environment of Kaloko-Honokōhau National Historical Park (KAHO), Hawaiʻi. A base model was constructed using water-level, salinity, and withdrawal data available during the period from 2009 to 2017. Groundwater recharge for the base model was from a published daily water budget representing rainfall for the period 1984-2008. The SUTRA code was modified to include simplified unsaturated zone properties in the subroutine UNSAT. Changes in salinity of groundwater [...]