Publication: Faunt, C.C., editor, 2009, Groundwater Availability of the Central Valley Aquifer, California: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1766, 225 p. https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/pp1766 Data release: Faunt, C.C., 2017, MODFLOW2000_FMP1_1 model used to simulate the groundwater flow of the Central Valley Aquifer, California: U.S Geological Survey data release https://doi.org/10.5066/F79S1PX3 MODEL ARCHIVE ------------- Archive created: 2017-7-16 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- DISCLAIMER- THE FILES CONTAINED HEREIN ARE PROVIDED AS A CONVENIENCE TO THOSE WHO WISH TO REPLICATE SIMULATIONS OF GROUND-WATER FLOW THAT ARE DESCRIBED IN U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1766 ANY CHANGES MADE TO THESE FILES COULD HAVE UNINTENDED, UNDESIRABLE CONSEQUENCES. THESE CONSEQUENCES COULD INCLUDE, BUT MAY NOT BE NOT LIMITED TO: ERRONEOUS MODEL OUTPUT, NUMERICAL INSTABILITIES, AND VIOLATIONS OF UNDERLYING ASSUMPTIONS ABOUT THE SUBJECT HYDROLOGIC SYSTEM THAT ARE INHERENT IN RESULTS PRESENTED IN U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1766. THE U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ASSUMES NO RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE CONSEQUENCES OF ANY CHANGES MADE TO THESE FILES. IF CHANGES ARE MADE TO THE MODEL, THE USER IS RESPONSIBLE FOR DOCUMENTING THE CHANGES AND JUSTIFYING THE RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PP2009-1766/ Description: ----------- The purpose of this study is to describe groundwater availability in the Central Valley. The descriptions are derived largely from the study results, including modeling; however, they also utilize the extensive literature on California’s Central Valley. The Central Valley, also known as the Great Valley of California, covers about 20,000 square miles and is one of the more notable structural depressions in the world. It occupies a central position in California—bounded by the Cascade Range to the north, the Sierra Nevada to the east, the Tehachapi Mountains to the south, and the Coast Ranges and San Francisco Bay to the west. The valley is a vast agricultural region drained by the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers. The valley averages about 50 miles in width and extends about 400 miles northwest from the Tehachapi Mountains in the south to near Redding in the north. Generally, the land surface has very low relief. Its configuration is the result of millions of years of alluvial and fluvial sediment deposition derived from the bordering mountain ranges. Most of the valley lies close to sea level, but is higher along the valley margins. Most of the valley boundary along the eastern edge is about 500 feet above sea level and most of the western boundary ranges from 50 to 350 feet above sea level. Near the apexes of some alluvial fans in the south along the margin of the valley, the maximum elevation is about 1,700 feet. The study includes the development of a three-dimensional (3-D), finite- difference numerical model of the Central Valley regional groundwater flow system. This model is used to evaluate the groundwater availability. Relative to the previously developed Central Valley Regional Aquifer System Analysis (CV-RASA) model, the current model was extended to incorporate a slightly larger geographic area, has a finer spatial and temporal discretization, uses a more-detailed depiction of subsurface geology, and simulates monthly water budgets for April 1961 through September 2003. A modified version of MODFLOW, MF2000-FMP1_1, was used for the simulation in this data release. MODFLOW-2000 version 1.15.03 (03/08/2006), was modified to inlcude an updated and refined Farm Process (FMP1) to simulate groundwater and surface-water flow, irrigated agriculture, land subsidence, and other key processes in the Central Valley. The new features of MF2000-FMP1_1 include (a) simulation of transpiration uptake from variably saturated, fully saturated, or ponded root zones (for example, for crops like rice or riparian vegetation), (b) definition of on-farm efficiency not only by farm but also by crop, (c) simulation of water use and returnflow from non-irrigated vegetation (for example, rain-fed agriculture or native vegetation), (d) use of crop coefficients and reference evapotranspiration, (e) an option to manually control the routing of returnflow from farm runoff to streams, (g) an option to limit pumping to wells located only in cells where an irrigation requirement exists, and (h) simulation of water transfers to farms from a series of well fields (for example, recovery well field of an aquifer-storage- and-recovery system, ASR). The underlying directories contain all of the input and output files for the simulation described in the report and the modified MF2000-FMP1_1 source code and documentation. GIS shapefiles of the model grid and the array-based input data also is included. Descriptions of the data in each subdirectory are given to facilitate understanding of this model archive. Files descriptions are provided for select files to provide additional information that may be of use for understanding this model archive. It should be noted that the model was run on a Windows-XP personal computer; therefore, the executable and binary output files are not compatible with other computing platforms. Support is provided for correcting errors in the data release and clarification of the modeling conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey. Users are encouraged to review the complete model documentation report (https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/pp1766) to understand the purpose, construction, and limitations of this model. Reconstructing the model archive from the online data release: ------------------------------------------------------------- The model archive is available as a data release from: https://doi.org/10.5066/F79S1PX3 The models will run successfully only if the directory structure is correctly restored. The model archive is broken into several pieces to reduce the likelihood of download timeouts. Small files (readme.txt and modelgeoref.txt) are available as uncompressed files. All other files are zipped at the subdirectory level. For example, the files in the "georef" subdirectory are zipped into a zip file named "georef.zip". All zip files should be unzipped into a directory with the same name as the zip file name without the .zip extension. The highest-level directory structure of the original model archive is: PP2009-1766/ ancillary/ bin/ georef/ model/ output/ source/ The full directory structure of the model archive and the files within each subdirectory are listed below. Running the model: ----------------- One simulation is included in this archive. SIMULATION DESCRIPTION OF SIMULATION TIME PERIOD SIMULATED Transient-final Transient calibration 1961-2003 To run the simulation, open a command line/terminal in the model directory: model\Transient-final Copy the MF2000-FMP1_1 executable file (mf2k_fmp1_32.exe) from the \bin directory to the model simulation directory. When MODFLOW-2000 is executed, a single prompt is issued for the name file that specifies the input files to be used in the simulation, as well as,the output files that are created. Responding to this prompt with the name file listed below will initiate the corresponding simulation. Simulation Name file ---------- --------- Transient-final TR-final.nam Running batch files ------------------- A MS-DOS batch files also was created to run the Central Valley model. The batch file is located in the model simulation subdirectory. To run the batch file, just double click the file name and hit run. run.bat--Batch file that runs the transient-final model. Files: ----- readme.txt : This file documents the structure, directories and files, and instructions on how to run the model in the data release. modelgeoref.txt : ASCII file with the four corners of the model domain. ancillary/ Description: ----------- This directory contains ancillary data including the GIS shapefiles for the model grid and the array-based input data (other than than the monthly farm data); and various files used to analyze the model results for zonebudget and hydmod. A directory that contains a copy of the report, as well as, report figures, animations, and text for a fact sheet and journal article also are included. Files: ----- none /GIS Description ----------- GIS shapefiles for the model grid (cvhm_grd_pnts and cvhm_grd_cells) and the array based input data (other than than the monthly farm data);including the BAS6, DIS, FMP, MULT, SUB, and Zone arrays. The GIS data is also available as fully documented geospatial data on the Office of Groundwater Webpage and stored on the Water Resources NSDI Node (Water Node). https://water.usgs.gov/lookup/getgislist --> search for pp1766 https://water.usgs.gov/ogw/gwrp/activities/gspdata/Studies/CentralValley.html /Other - Description ----------- Two subfolder that contains various files used to analyze the model results for zonebudget and hydmod. . /Hydfmt_input Description ----------- Contains the batch file to run the hydfmt program. /Zonbgt_input - Description ----------- Contains input files and batch files used to run the Zonebudget program. /Report Description ----------- Contains the pdf file of the report and several subdirectories of the project's final products. File: ----- PP_1766.pdf--A .pdf file of the USGS Professional Paper documenting the work completed for this project. /Report_Animations Description ----------- The animations available for different parts of the study. /Report_Figures Description ----------- Adobe illustrator files for all the figures, separated by chapter. /Report_Other Description ----------- 1) Fact_Sheet - the pdf file of the fact sheet distilling the report 2) Texture_Journal_Article - the Word document, table, spreadsheets and figures used for the article. /Report_Text Description ----------- The Word documents used for the chapters. These Word documents contain the text and all the tables used in the report. bin/ Description: ----------- This directory contains the executable files for the programs used during the developement, calibration, and analysis of the Central Valley model. The MODFLOW code in the directory, mf2k_fmp1_1,is modified version of MODFLOW-2000 (version 1.15.03) that includes an updated and refined Farm Process (FMP1) to simulate groundwater and surface-water flow, irrigated agriculture, land subsidence, and other key processes in the Central Valley. This directory contains both the 32-bit and 64-bit executables used to provide the model input presented in the model archive and the report (https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/pp1766). Executables used for post-processing--hydfmt and zonebudget--also are included. It should be noted that the output files in this archive were generated from the model code compiled for mixed precision for a 32-bit operating system. This archive output differs to a small extent from the output summarized in the report, which was based on a 64-bit operating system. The budget output from the model run in the archive has been compared to Table C12 in the report, and the differences are not viewed as significant. Files: ----- Hydfmt2_64.exe : Hydfmt 64-bit windows executable mf2k_fmp1_32.exe: MODFLOW2000 (version 1.15.03) with the modified Farm Process 32-bit windows executable mf2k_fmp1_64.exe: MODFLOW2000 (version 1.15.03) with the modified Farm Process 64-bit windows executable Zonebdgt2_64.exe: Zonebudget 64-bit windows executable georef/ Description: ----------- This directory a shapefile defining the active and inactive areas of the model documented in the report. https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/pp1766 Files: ----- PP2009_1766.dbf : PP2009_1766.dbf is part of the PP2009_1766 shapefile PP2009_1766.prj : PP2009_1766.prj is part of the PP2009_1766 PP2009_1766.shp : PP2009_1766.shp is part of the PP2009_1766 shapefile PP2009_1766.shx : PP2009_1766.shx is part of the PP2009_1766 shapefile model/ Description: ----------- This directory contains the input files for the modified MODFLOW-2000 with the Farm Process ground-water flow model documented in USGS Professional Paper 1766. https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/pp1766 The files are for a final transient calibration simulation that simulates monthly water budgets for April 1961 through September 2003. It should be noted that the model was run on a Windows-XP personal computer; therefore, all binary executable and binary output files are not compatible with other computing platforms. Files: ----- 1960_fmp_wells_update.txt: Wells used with the Farm package 1992_fmp_wells_update.txt: Wells used with the Farm package 1998_fmp_wells_update.txt: Wells used with the Farm package 2000_fmp_wells_update.txt: Wells used with the Farm package BAS.txt: Basic package input file DIS.txt: Discretization input file FMP.txt: Farm package input file fmp_eff.txt: Farm package irrigation efficiency input fmp_ftr_fep_fei.txt: Farm package evaporation/transporation input fmp_kc.txt: Farm package crop coefficient input fmp_ndr.txt: Farm package nonrouted delivery input fmp_sdr.txt: Farm package nonrouted delivery input GAGES_PAIR.txt: Gage package input GHB_delta.txt: General Head Boundary package input HFB.txt: Horizontal Flow Barrier package input HOB.txt: Head observation package input HYDMOD.txt: HYDMOD hydrograph input LPF.txt: Layer-property-flow package input MNW_fmp_urban.txt: Multi-Node Well Package MULT.txt: Input array to define multipliers TR-final.nam: MODFLOW name file that contains input and output files for the transient final simulation OBS.txt: Prefix name for the observation files OC.txt: Output control file PCG.txt: Preconditioned Conjugate Gradient solver package README_Input.txt: Readme file for the model directory run.bat: Batch file to run the model simualtion SENSITIVITY.txt: Sensitivity input data SFR.txt: Streamflow-Routing package input SUB.txt: Subsidence package input usgs.model.reference: temporal and spatial reference for the regional model ZONE.txt: Zone package input Model_arrays/ Description: ----------- This directory contains the model arrays referenced in the model-input files. There are a total of 1155 files in the model arrays, including readme files. The prism derived precipitation (prism_2k) and ET (ETh_prism2k) data for 1960-2003 are in separate subfolders.Not all of the ET and precipitation arrays are used by the simulation documented in the report. https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/pp1766 Files: ----- 19##_lu_str.txt: crt_hd_##.txt: Head array used as input for the Subsidence package cvr2_lay#_top.txt: Array of altitude of the top of model layers drw_subregion#.txt: FIN_THK_L#: Array used in the Subsidence package lay#_act.txt: Array of active cells in the model lay#_zoneqpc.txt: Arrays used in the Zone package pc_mean_lay#.txt: Arrays used in the Multiplier package SKE_L#.txt: soiltexture.txt: Arrays of soil texture strt_hd_#.txt: Arrays of starting heads SY.txt: array of specific yield ETh_prism2k/ Description: ----------- This directory contains the monthly ET dataset from December 1960 to December 2003 used as input to the simulation documented in the report. https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/pp1766 Not all of the ET arrays are used by the simulation. Files: ----- ET####_##.txt: Monthly ET values for each year and month in the model from December 1960 to December 2003 where ####_## represents the year and month of the dataset. Prism_2k/ Description: ----------- This directory contains the monthly ET dataset from December 1960 to December 2003 used as input to the simulation documented in the report. https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/pp1766 Not all of the precipitation arrays are used by the simulation. Files: ----- Pyyyymm.txt: Monthly precipitation values for each year and month in the model from January 1960 to December 2003 where yyyymm represents the year and month of the dataset. output/ Description: ----------- These are the output files from the MODFLOW-2000 ground-water flow model documented in USGS Professional Paper 1766. https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/pp1766 Files: ----- None output.Transient-final/ Description: ----------- This directory contains all of the output files for the mf2k_fmp1_1 model run documented in the report. https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/pp1766 Files: ----- cbcf.out: Output of cell-by-cell model budget cvrasa2._b: Empty file produced by the Observation package cvrasa2._nm: Weighted residuals and probability plotting positions cvrasa2._os: Unweighted simulated equivalents and observed or prior values cvrasa2._r: Unweighted residuals cvrasa2._w: Weighted residuals for observations and prior information cvrasa2._ws: Simulated equivalents and weighted residuals cvrasa2._ww: Weighted simulated equivalents and weighted observations or prior information drawdown.txt: Empty file FB_DETAILS.OUT: Output from the farm package FDS.OUT: fort.#: GLOBAL.txt: Summary output of MODFLOW run headsout.txt: Output of simulated heads hyd_all.sav: Binary file of output heads List.txt: List file of the MODFLOW run README_Output.txt: Readme file for the output directory subid.out: Output from the Subsidence package Well_Package.txt: Output from the MNW package well_qsum.txt: Output from the MNW package source/ Description: ----------- This directory contains the source, bin, and documentation for the model code and post-porcessors used to run the model simulation and analysis the output documented in the report PP2009-1766. https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/pp1766 /HYDFMT Description ----------- This directory contains the bin, documentation, and source code for the HYDFMT post-processor. This program converts binary output from the HYDMOD package to ascii files. /MF2K_FMP Description ----------- To meet the needs of this project MODFLOW2000 (version 1.15.03) was combined with an updated and refined Farm Process (FMP1) program. The updated program allows the simulation, analysis, and management of nearly all components of human and natural water use. MF2000-FMP1_1 represents a complete hydrologic model that fully links the movement and use of groundwater, surface water, and imported water for water consumption of irrigated agriculture, but also of urban use, and of natural vegetation. Supply and demand components of water use are analyzed under demand-driven and supply-constrained conditions. From large- to small-scale settings, the MF2000-FMP1_1 has the unique set of capabilities to simulate and analyze historical, present, and future conditions. MF2000-FMP1_1 facilitates the analysis of agricultural water use where little data is available for pumpage, land use, or agricultural information. The features presented in this new version of FMP1 along with the linkages to the Streamflow Routing (SFR), and Multi-Node Well (MNW) Packages prevents mass loss to an open system and helps to account for "all of the water everywhere and all of the time." The new features include (a) simulation of transpiration uptake from variably saturated, fully saturated, or ponded root zones (for example, for crops like rice or riparian vegetation), (b) definition of on-farm efficiency not only by farm but also by crop, (c) simulation of water use and returnflow from non-irrigated vegetation (for example, rain-fed agriculture or native vegetation), (d) use of crop coefficients and reference evapotranspiration, (e) an option to manually control the routing of returnflow from farm runoff to streams, (g) an option to limit pumping to wells located only in cells where an irrigation requirement exists, and (h) simulation of water transfers to farms from a series of well fields (for example, recovery well field of an aquifer-storage-and-recovery system, ASR). In addition to the output of an economic budget for each farm between irrigation demand and supply ("Farm Demand and Supply Budget" in FMP1), a new output option called "Farm Budget" was created for FMP2, which allows the user to track all physical flows into and out of a water accounting unit at all times. Such a unit can represent individual farms, farming districts, natural areas, or urban areas. This directory contains the bin, documentation, and source code, and readme.txt file for the MF2000-FMP1_1 used to run the simulations documented in the report PP2009-1766. /ZONEBDGT Description ----------- Zonebudget (ZONBUD) is a computer program that computes subregional water budgets using results from the MODFLOW ground- water flow model. The user designates the subregions by specifying zone numbers. A separate budget is computed for each zone. The budget for a zone includes a component of flow between each adjacent zone. This directory contains the bin, documentation, and source code, and readme.txt file for the Zonebudget used to run the simulations documented in the report PP2009-1766.