Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5168
Prepared in cooperation with with the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, North Dakota State Water Commission, Red River Joint Water Resource Board, Red River Watershed Management Board, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
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Re-establishment of wetlands has been promoted by various groups to control future floods in the Red River of the North Basin in North Dakota and Minnesota. Therefore, a study was conducted to simulate runoff and wetland storage in the Hamden and Lonetree watershed sites in the Red River of the North Basin. Data from geographic information system analyses, collected weather data, additional historic weather data, and geomorphology were used in a wetlands hydrologic model to simulate precipitation accumulation, snowmelt, evapotranspiration, soil infiltration, seepage to ground water, surface runoff, and streamflow. Simulated daily mean water volumes for the soil and wetlands in the Hamden and Lonetree watershed sites showed that the soils of the two sites stored as much water as the wetlands throughout most of the simulation period. Total simulated runoff for the Hamden watershed site for the period of record was reduced about 38 percent by increasing the Bisson Lake spillage threshold from 0.009 to 0.60. The additional simulated storage at the larger spillage threshold led to reductions in simulated runoff. Simulated daily mean streamflows for the Hamden watershed site at a Bisson Lake spillage threshold of 0.60 were less than those simulated for the same day at a Bisson Lake spillage threshold of 0.009. However, the peak streamflows simulated for June 2000 and April 2001 at a spillage threshold of 0.60 were about the same as those simulated at a spillage threshold of 0.009. Simulated runoff during flood conditions in April and June 2000 and March and April 2001 was reduced 1 to 6 percent for an increased spillage threshold. Total runoff for the period of record was reduced about 31 percent for the increased spillage threshold. Simulation results indicate total streamflow from a flood event may be reduced by wetland storage, but peak streamflows during a flood event may not be affected substantially.
Abstract
Introduction
Description of study sites
Data acquisition
Wetlands hydrologic model
Model parameterization
Model calibration
Simulation of runoff and wetland storage
Model limitations and considerations
Summary
References
Figures
Map showing location of the Hamden watershed site in western Becker County, west-central Minnesota.
Map showing location of the Lonetree watershed site in Sheridan County, central North Dakota.
Map showing location of data-collection stations in the Hamden watershed site, west-central Minnesota.
Map showing location of data-collection stations in the Lonetree watershed site, central North Dakota.
Graph showing daily mean precipitation for the Hamden watershed site, west-central Minnesota, May 1999 through September 2002.
Graph showing daily mean precipitation for the Lonetree watershed site, central North Dakota, May 2000 through September 2002.
Map showing hydrologic response units (HRUs) in the Hamden watershed site, west-central Minnesota. (The hydrologic response units were derived from topographic analysis.)
Map showing hydrologic response units (HRUs) in the Lonetree watershed site, central North Dakota. (The hydrologic response units were derived from topographic analysis.)
Graph showing measured and simulated daily mean streamflows for the Hamden watershed site, west-central Minnesota, May 1999 through September 2002.
Graph showing measured and simulated daily mean water volumes for Bisson Lake in the Hamden watershed site, west-central Minnesota, May 1999 through September 2002.
Graph showing measured and simulated daily mean water volumes for Bisson Lake in the Hamden watershed site, west-central Minnesota, at a spillage threshold of 0.09, May 2001 through September 2002.
Graph showing measured and simulated daily mean streamflows for the Lonetree watershed site, central North Dakota, May 2000 through September 2002.
Graph showing measured and simulated daily mean water volumes for wetland 1 in the Lonetree watershed site, central North Dakota, May 2000 through September 2002.
Graph showing simulated daily mean water volumes for the soil, wetlands, and Bisson Lake in the Hamden watershed site, west- central Minnesota, May 1999 through September 2002. (The Bisson Lake spillage threshold was 0.009.)
Graph showing simulated daily mean water volumes for the soil, wetlands, and wetland 1 in the Lonetree watershed site, central North Dakota, May 2000 through September 2002. (The wetland 1 spillage threshold was 0.47.)
Graph showing simulated daily mean water volumes for Bisson Lake in the Hamden watershed site, west-central Minnesota, at spillage thresholds of 0.009 and 0.60, May 1999 through September 2002.
Graph showing simulated daily mean streamflows for the Hamden watershed site, west-central Minnesota, at a Bisson Lake spillage threshold of 0.60, May 1999 through September 2002.
Graph showing simulated daily mean streamflows during flood conditions for the Hamden watershed site, west-central Minnesota, at a Bisson Lake spillage threshold of 0.009, May 1999 through September 2002.
Graph showing simulated daily mean streamflows during flood conditions for the Hamden watershed site, west-central Minnesota, at a Bisson Lake spillage threshold of 0.60, May 1999 through September 2002.
Graph showing simulated daily mean water volumes during flood conditions for Bisson Lake in the Hamden watershed site, west- central Minnesota, at spillage thresholds of 0.009 and 0.60, May 1999 through September 2002.
Tables
Selected parameter values for the wetlands hydrologic model.
Initial wetland and soil water volumes for the wetlands hydrologic model.
Measured and simulated runoff, in inches, for the Hamden and Lonetree watershed sites.
Simulated runoff, in inches, for the Hamden watershed site at varying Bisson Lake spillage thresholds.
Simulated runoff, in inches, for the Hamden watershed site during flood conditions and percent reduction in runoff from an increased spillage threshold.
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