Water Resources--Office of Water Quality

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CHAPTER A2.
SELECTION OF EQUIPMENT FOR WATER SAMPLING

Cover/Title Page
Back of Title Page
Foreword

Abstract
Introduction

Purpose and scope
Requirements and recommendations
Field manual review and revision
Acknowledgments

A2 Selection of Equipment for Water Sampling

Edited by F.D. Wilde, D.B. Radtke, J. Gibs, and R. T. Iwatsubo

2.0 Chemical compatibility of equipment and the water sample

D.B. Radtke and F.D. Wilde

2.1 Sample collection

2.1.1Surface-water sampling equipment

W.E. Webb and D.B. Radtke

2.1.1.A Isokinetic depth-integrating samplers

Hand-held samplers
Cable-and-reel samplers

2.1.1.B Nonisokinetic samplers

Open-mouth samplers
Thief samplers
Single-stage samplers
Automatic samplers and pumps

2.1.1.C Support equipment

2.1.2 Ground-water sampling equipment

Jacob Gibs and F.D. Wilde

2.1.2.A Pumps

Supply-well pumps
Monitoring-well pumps

2.1.2.B Bailers and specialized thief samplers

Bailers
Specialized thief samplers

2.1.2.C Support equipment

2.2. Sample processing

D.B. Radtke, F.D. Wilde, M.W. Sandstrom, and K.K. Fitzgerald

2.2.1 Sample splitters

2.2.1.A Churn splitter
2.2.1.B Cone splitter

2.2.2 Processing and preservation chambers

2.2.3 Filtration systems

2.2.3.A Inorganic constituents

Disposable capsule filter
Plate-filter assembly

2.2.3.B Trace organic compounds

Metering pump
Filtration assemblies
Filter media

2.2.3.C Dissolved and suspended organic carbon

2.2.4 Pump tubing

2.3. Field vehicles

D.B. Radtke

2.4. Lists of equipment and supplies

D.B. Radtke

Conversion factors, selected terms, and abbreviations

Selected references and internal documents

Publications on Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations

Illustrations

2-1.

Diagrams of isokinetic depth-integrating samplers: (A) US DH-81, (B) US D-95, (C) US D-77, (D) D-77 Bag without current meter attached, and (E) Frame- Bag sampler with sounding weight and current meter attached

2-2.

Slotted bottle hole configurations for (A) D-77 Bag sampler and (B) Frame-Bag sampler

2-3.

Example of a field worksheet for calibration of D-77 Bag and Frame-Bag samplers

2-4.

Examples of nonisokinetic open-mouth samplers: (A) hand-held open-mouth bottle sampler, (B) US WBH-96 weighted-bottle sampler, (C) biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) sampler, and
(D) volatile organic compound (VOC) sampler

2-5.

Examples of nonisokinetic thief samplers: (A) Kemmerer sampler, (B) Van Dorn sampler, and (C) double check-valve bailer with bottom- emptying device

2-6.

US U-59 sampler: (A) single-stage and (B) a bank of U-59 samplers installed on a plank post

2-7.

Diagrams of pumps typically used to obtain water from supply wells: (A) centrifugal pump and (B) jet pump

2-8.

Diagrams of pumps typically used for withdrawal of water samples from monitoring wells: (A) peristaltic suction-lift pump and (B-F) examples of submersible positive-displacement pumps

2-9.

Photograph of churn splitter

2-10.

Photograph of cone splitter

2-11.

Example of (A) polyvinyl chloride frame of a processing or preservation chamber and (B) sample being processed within the chamber

2-12.

Photograph of disposable capsule filter

2-13.

Photograph of nonmetallic backflushing plate- filter assembly for 142-mm diameter filter media

2-14.

Photograph of valveless piston metering pump

2-15.

Photograph of aluminum plate-filter assembly for 142-millimeter diameter filter media

2-16.

Photograph and diagram of apparatus for filtering samples for analysis of dissolved/ suspended organic carbon: (A) stainless steel pressure-filter assembly and (B) fluorocarbon polymer pressure-filter assembly

2-17.

Example of flexible fluorinated ethylene polypropylene (FEP) tubing: (A) convoluted design and (B) corrugated design

Tables

2-1.

General guidelines for selecting equipment on the basis of construction material and target analyte(s)

2-2.

Isokinetic depth-integrating water-quality samplers and sampler characteristics

2-3.

Prefield checklist for hand-held and cable-and-reel samplers

2-4.

General requirements and considerations for selecting ground-water sampling equipment (pumps or thief samplers)

2-5.

Examples of pump capability as a function of well and pump characteristics in a 2-inch-diameter well

2-6.

Example of six cone-splitter accuracy tests using deionized water

2-7.

Capsule filter or plate filter requirements for processing of samples for analysis of inorganic chemical constituents

2-8.

Common varieties and characteristics of fluorocarbon polymer tubing

2-9.

Support equipment for surface-water sampling

2-10.

Support equipment for ground-water sampling

2-11.

Sample-collection equipment for (A) surface water and (B) ground water

2-12.

Sample-processing equipment and supplies (2-12 continued)

2-13.

Sample-preservation equipment and supplies

2-14.

Cleaning equipment and supplies

2-15.

Shipping equipment and supplies (2-15 continued)

Section A2--Selection of equipment for water sampling
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