Trends in the Size of the USGS Streamgaging Network
Knowing of the considerable interest that you have in the USGS streamgaging program, we wanted you to know some of the latest statistics on the status of the network. It takes us a while after the end of the water year for all of our offices to finalize the data and only then do we do our counts. Here are a few facts.
From Water Year 2004 to Water Year 2005 the total number of streamgages operated by the USGS declined from about 7622 to about 7446, a decrease of a little more than 2%. For reference, the greatest number of streamgages that have ever been operated in any given year was 8264 streamgages in Water Year 1968.
One of the things we track with great interest is the status of our "long-record" streamgages. These we define as streamgages with 30 or more years of record. In Water Year 2005, we had 142 long-record streamgages discontinued. However, we also reactivated 29 previously discontinued long-record streamgages and had 61 streamgages that became long-record streamgages due to the passage of time, for a net loss of 52 long-record streamgages. The loss of 142 long-record streamgages in 2005 is about 3% of the total number of long-record streamgages where data were being collected in Water Year 2005. That total number of active long-record streamgages was 4365.
The number of losses of long-record streamgages has risen steeply in the past few years. It hit a low of only 24 losses in Water Year 2001, the year in which Congress provided a large funding increase for the National Streamflow Information Program. The 1990's had some years with high losses of long-record streamgages similar to 2004-05: 1992 with net losses of 149 streamgages and 1995 with net losses of 151.
Decisions to cease operations of streamgages are always undertaken with great care and in consultation with others. The factors that figure into the decision are the availability of funds from USGS appropriations and from the 800 Federal, State, and local partners who contribute to the network and our costs, which rise with mandated increases in Federal pay scales. Factors that enter into these decisions include importance of the streamgage to flood hazard mitigation, water resources operations, and long-term characterization of regional hydrologic systems.
In summary what we are seeing in the past few years is a significant acceleration of the losses in the network similar to what we observed in the mid-1990's. The increased Federal funding of 2001 resulted in a brief turn-around but the losses are growing at the present time. The changes in the status of the network continue to be highly varied across the Nation. Some States or river basins or municipal areas are actually seeing growth in the network because of increased interests and funding from specific funding partners, while at the same time other States or river basins are experiencing rapid declines due to steep declines in the financial contributions of specific funding partners.
