Geochemistry of Mineral-Water Reactions

Minerals may influence the chemistry of ground water and other aqueous solutions through precipitation, dissolution and ion exchange reactions. An understanding of these reactions is crucial for predicting the behavior of toxic wastes in disposal areas. How do the various minerals react with waters of varying composition at different temperatures and pressures? After the fundamentals of these processes are understood, how can they be applied to prediction, maintenance, and (or) improvement of water quality? Project objectives are (1) to develop an understanding of the mechanisms of mineral crystal growth; (2) to gather basic information on clay mineral structure and chemistry; and (3) to try to understand the precipitation and alteration of clay minerals in natural and synthetic systems.

REPORTS PUBLISHED 1999-2008

White, A.F., Schulz, M.S., Vivit, D.V., Blum, A.E., Stonestrom, D.A., and Anderson, S.P., 2008, Chemical weathering of a marine terrace chronosequence, Santa Cruz, California I: Interpreting rates and controls based on soil concentration-depth profiles: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 72, p. 36-68. (on-line abstract of journal article)

Andrews, J. and Eberl, D.D., 2007, Quantitative mineralogy of surface sediments on the Iceland shelf, and application to down-core studies of Holocene ice-rafted sediments: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 77, p. 469-479. (on-line abstract of journal article)

Andrews, J., Eberl, D.D., and Kristjansdottir, G.B., 2006, An exploratory method to detect tephras from quantitative XRD scans: examples from Iceland and east Greenland marine sediments: The Holocene, v. 16, p. 1035-1042. (on-line abstract of journal article)

Christidis, G.E., Blum, A.E., and Eberl D.D., 2006, Influence of layer charge and charge distribution of smectites on the flow behaviour and swelling of bentonites: Applied Clay Science, v. 34, no. 1-4, p. 125-138. (on-line abstract of journal article)

Moros, M., Andrews, J.T., Eberl, D.D., and Jansen, E., 2006, Holocene history of drift ice in the northern North Atlantic: Evidence for different spatial and temporal modes: Paleoceanography, v. 21, doi:10.1029/2005PA001214. (on-line abstract of journal article)

Seabaugh, J.L., Dong, H., Kukkadapu, R.K., Eberl, D.D., Morton, J. P., and Kim, J., 2006, Microbial reduction of Fe(III) in the Fithian and Muloorina illites: Contrasting extents and rates of bioreduction: Clays and Clay Minerals, v. 54, no. 1, p. 67-79. (on-line abstract of journal article)

White, A.F., Schulz, M.S., Vivit, D.V., Blum, A.E., and Stonestrom, D.A., 2006, Controls on pore water solutes: An approach for distinguishing between biogenic and lithogenic processes: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 88, p. 363-366. (on-line abstract of journal article)

Zhang, G., Dong, H., Jiang, H., Xu, Z., and Eberl, D.D., 2006, Unique microbial community in drilling fluids from Chinese continental scientific drilling: Geomicrobiological Journal, v. 23, p. 499-514. (on-line abstract of journal article)

Aldega, L. and Eberl, D.D., 2005, A method for quatifying detrital illite from crystallite thickness measurements: American Mineralogist , v. 90, p.1587-1596. (on-line abstract of journal article)

Hochella, M.F., Jr., Moore, J.N., Putnis, C.V., Putnis, A., Kasama, T., and Eberl, D. D., 2005, Direct observation of heavy metal-mineral association from the Clark Fork River Superfund Complex: Implications for metal transport and bioavailability: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 69, no. 7, p.1,651-1,663. (on-line abstract of journal article)

Jaisi, D.P., Kukkadapu, R.K. Eberl, D.D., and Dong, H., 2005, Control of Fe(III) site occupancy and the rate and extent of microbial reduction of Fe(III) in nontronite: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 69, no. 23, p. 5,429-5,440. (on-line abstract of journal article)

Kile, D.E., 2005, Mineralogy and provenance of clay minerals in miarolitic cavitites of the Pikes Peak batholith: Canadian Mineralogist, v. 43, no. 3, p. 1093-1105. (on-line abstract of journal article)

White A.F., Schulz M.S., Vivit D.V., Blum A.E., Stonestrom D.A., and Harden, J., 2005, Chemical weathering rates of a soil chronosequence on granitic alluvium: III Hydrochemical evolution and contemporary solute fluxes and rates: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 69, p. 1,975-1,996. (on-line abstract of journal article)

Blum, A.E., 2004, Determining dissolution, precipitation and nucleation rate laws in natural systems, Proceedings of the Federal Interagency Workshop on Subsurface Reactive Transport Modeling. (on-line paper)

Blum, A.E. and Eberl, D.D., 2004, Measurement of clay surface areas by polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) sorption and its use for quantifying illite and smectite abundance: Clays and Clay Minerals, v. 52, no. 5, p. 589- 602. (on-line abstract of journal article)

Eberl, D.D., 2004, Quantitative mineralogy of the Yukon River system - changes with reach and season, and determining sediment provenance: American Mineralogist, v. .89, no.11-12, p.1784-1794. (on-line abstract of journal article in pdf format)

Kile, D.E., 2004, Synthetic calcite - the quest for an alternative for Iceland spar: Matrix, v. 11, p. 112-115.

Kim, J., Dong, H., Seabaugh, J., Newell, S.W., and Eberl, D.D., 2004, Role of microbes in the smectite-to-illite reaction: Science, v. 203, p. 830-832. (on-line abstract)

White, A.F., Schulz, M.S., Vivit, D., and Blum, A.E., 2004. Hydrochemical evolution and contempory weathering rates in a soil chronosequence, Merced, California, USA, in Wanty, R.B., and Seal, R.R., II, eds., Water-Rock Interaction, Proceedings of the Eleventh International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction, Saratoga Springs, New York, July 2004: New York, A.A. Balkema, v. 1, p. 891-894.

Zhu, C., Blum, A.E., and Veblen, D.R., 2004, Feldspar dissolution rates and clay precipitation in the Navajo aquifer at Black Mesa, Arizona, USA, in Wanty, R.B., and Seal, R.R., II, eds., Water-Rock Interaction, Proceedings of the Eleventh International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction, Saratoga Springs, New York, July 2004: New York, A.A. Balkema, v. 1, p. 441-442.

Anderson S.P., and Blum A.E., 2003, Controls on chemical weathering: small- and large-scale perspectives: Chemical Geology, v. 202, no. 3, p. 191-193. (on-line summary plus)

Anderson, S.P., and Blum, A.E., 2003, eds., Controls on chemical weathering: Chemical Geology, special issue, v. 202, 507 p.

Brigatti, M.F., Kile, D.E., Poppi, M., 2003, Crystal structure and chemistry of Li-containing trioctahedral micas-3T: European Journal of Mineralogy, v. 15, no. 2, p. 349-355. (on-line abstract)

Christidis, G.E. and Eberl, D.D. 2003, Determination of layer-charge characteristics of smectites: Clays and Clay Minerals, v. 51, p. 644-655. (on-line abstract)

Eberl, D.D., 2003 User guide to RockJock - A program for determining quantitative mineralogy from X-ray diffraction data: U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report 03-78, 36 p.

Eberl, D.D., 2003, Sediment Mineralogy, in Schuster, P.F., ed., Water and sediment quality in the Yukon River Basin, Alaska, during water year 2001: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 03-427, p. 49-54.

Eberl, D.D., Srodon, J., and Drits, V.A., 2003, Comment on "Evaluation of X-ray diffraction methods for determining the crystal growth mechanisms of clay minerals in mudstones, shales and slates" by L.N. Warr and D.L. Peacor: Schweizerische Mineralogische Petrographische Mitteilungen, v. 83, p. 349-358.

Kile, D.E., 2003, The petrographic microscope - evolution of a mineralogical research instrument: The Mineralogical Record (Nov), Tucson, Arizona.

Kile, D.E. and Eberl, D.D., 2003, On the origin of size-dependent and size-independent crystal growth: Influence of advection and diffusion: American Mineralogist, v. 88, p. 1514-1521. (on-line abstract in pdf format)

Kile, D.E. and Eberl, D.D., 2003, Quantitative mineralogy and particle-size distribution of bed sediments in the Boulder CreekWatershed, Colorado, Chapter 7 in Murphy, S.F., Verplanck, P.L., and Barber, L.B., eds., Comprehensive water quality of the Boulder Creek Watershed, Colorado, during high-flow and low-flow conditions, 2000: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 03-4045, p. 173-184. (on-line chapter in pdf format)

Shang, C., Rice, J.A., Eberl, D.D., and Lin, J.S., 2003, Measurement of illite particle thickness using a direct Fourier transform of small-angle X-ray scattering data. Clays and Clay Minerals, v. 51, p. 293-300. (on-line abstract)

Bove, D.J., Eberl, D.D., and McCarty, D.K., 2002, Characterization and modeling of illite crystal particles and growth mechanisms in a zoned hydrothermal deposit, Lake City, Coloardo: American Mineralogist, v. 87, p. 1546-1556. (on-line abstract in pdf format)

Brime, C., and Eberl, D.D., 2002, Growth mechanisms of low-grade illites based on the shapes of crystal thickness distribuitons: Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen, v. 82, p. 203-209.

Dudek, T., Srodon, J., Eberl, D.D., Elsass, F., and Uhlik, P., 2002, Thickness distribution of illite crystals in shales. 1: X-ray diffraction vs. high-resolution transmission electron microscopy measurements. Clays and Clay Minerals, v. 50, p. 562-577.

Eberl, D.D., 2002, Determination of illite crystallite thickness distributions using X-ray diffraction, and the relation of thickness to crystal growth using MudMaster GALOPER, and associated computer programs: Teaching Clay Science, Clay Mineral Society Workshop Lectures, v. 11, p. 131-142. (on-line)

Eberl, D.D., Kile, D.E., and Drits, V.A., 2002, On geological interpretations of crystal size distributions - constant vs. proportionate growth: American Mineralogist, v. 87, p. 1234-1241. (on-line abstract in pdf format)

Eberl, D.D., Kile, D.E., and Hoch, A.R., 2002 Crystallization of powders having uniform particle sizes by Ostwald ripening at large levels of supersaturation: U.S. Patent 6,379,459, April 30, 2002. (on-line patent)

Guggenheim, S., Bain, D.C., Bergaya, F., Brigatti, M.F., Drits, V.A., Eberl, D.D., Formoso, M.L., Galan, E., Merriman, R.J., Peacor, D.R., Stanjek, H., Watanabe, T., 2002, Report of the Association International Pour l'Etude des Argiles (AIPEA) nomenclature committee for 2001; order, disorder and crystallinity in phyllosilicates and the use of the "crystallinity index": Clays and Clay Minerals, v. 50, no.3, p. 406-409

Gooseff, M.N., McKnight, D.M., Lyons, W.B., Blum, A.E., 2002, Weathering reactions and hyporheic exchange controls on stream water chemistry in a glacial meltwater stream in the McMurdo Dry Valleys: Water Resources Research, v. 38, no. 12. (on-line abstract)

Kile, D.E., 2002, Clay minerals of the Front Range-A field guide to the geology, history, and clay mineralogy of the Chieftain Mine, Dinosaur Ridge, Patch Mine, and other localities along the Front Range from Denver to Boulder, Colorado: Clay Minerals Society 39th Annual Meeting and Field Trip, June 13, 2002, Open-File Report 02-413, 79p.

Kile, D.E., 2002, Genesis and occurrence of of plume- and moss-bearing thunder eggs from the Del Norte area, Saguache County, Colorado: Rocks and Minerals, v. 77, p. 252-268.

Schiffman, P., Southard, R.J., Eberl, D.D., and Bishop, J.L., 2002, Distinguishing palagonized from pedogenically-altered basaltic Hawaiian tephra: mineralogical and geochemical criteria, in Smellie, J.L., and Chapman, M.G., eds., Volcano-Ice Interaction on Earth and Mars: Geological Society, London, Special Publications 202, p. 393-405.

Srodon, J., Clauer, N., and Eberl D.D., 2002, Interpretation of K-Ar dates of illitic clays from sedimentary rocks aided by modeling: American Mineralogist, v. 87, p. 1528-1535. (abstract in pdf format)

White, A.F., Blum, A.E., Schulz, M.S., Huntington, T.G., Peters, N.E., and Stonestrom, D.A., 2002, Chemical weathering of the Panola granite: solute and regolith elemental fluxes an the weathering rate of biotite, in Hellmann, R., and Wood, S.A., eds., Water-Rock Interactions, Ore Deposits, and Environmental Geochemistry: Special Publication No. 7--A Tribute to David A. Crear, The Geochemical Society, p. 37-59. (on-line pdf file)

Brigatti, M.F., Kile, D.E., Poppi, M., 2001, Crystal structure and chemistry of lithium-containing muscovite-2M1: Canadian Mineralogist, v. 39, no. 4. p. 1171-1180. (on-line abstract)

Srodon, J., Drits, V.A., McCarty, K.K., Hsieh, J.C.C., and Eberl, D.D., 2001, Quantitative x-ray diffraction analysis of clay-bearing rocks from random preparations: Clay and Clay Minerals, v. 49, p. 514-528. (on-line abstract)

Sucha, V., Srodon, J., Clauer, N., Elsass, F., Eberl, D.D., Kraus, I., and Madejova, J., 2001, Weathering of smectite and illite-smectite under temperate climatic conditions: Clay Minerals, v. 36, no. 3, p. 403-419. (on-line abstract)

White, A.F., Bullen, T.D., Schulz, M.S., Blum, A.E., Huntington, T.G., and Peters, N.E. , 2001, Differential rates of feldspar weathering in granitic regoliths: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 65, p. 847-870. (on-line abstract)

Brigatti, M.F., Lugli, C., Poppi, L., Foord, E.E., Kile, D.E., 2000, Crystal chemistry in Li-bearing micas from miarolitic permatites of the Pikes Peak batholith, central Colorado: American Mineralogist, v. 85, p. 1275-1286. (on-line abstract in pdf format)

Chiou, C.T., Kile, D.E., Rutherford, D.W., Sheng, G., and Boyd, S.A., 2000, Sorption of selected organic compounds from water to a peat soil and its humic-acid and humin fractions: Potential sources of the sorption nonlinearity: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 34, p. 1254-1258. (on-line abstract)

Eberl, D.D., Drits, V.A., and Srodon, J., 2000, User's guide to GALOPER - A program for simulating the shapes of crystal size distributions - and associated programs: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 00-505, 44 p.

Heller, Kallai, L. and Eberl, D.D., 2000, Potassium fixation by smectites in wetting-drying cycles with different anions: International Clay Conference, p. 561-567.

Huntington, T.G., Hooper, R.P., Johnson, C.E., Aulenbach, B.T., Cappellato, R., and Blum, A.E., 2000, Calcium depletion in a Southeastern United States forest ecosystem: Soil Science Society of America Journal, v. 64, no. 5, p. 1845-1858. (on-line abstract)

Kile, D.E., Eberl, D.D., Hoch, A.R., and Reddy, M.M., 2000, An assessment of calcite crystal growth mechanisms based on crystal size distributions: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 64, n. 17, p. 2937-2950. (on-line abstract)

Li, S., Potter, C., Palmer, D., Eberl, D.D., Klemmer, T., Spear, J., Reiss, C., and Brown, D., 2000, Determination of grain size distributions in magnetic recording media by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction: IEEE Transaction on Magnetics, v. 37, p. 1947-1949.

Srodon, J., Eberl, D.D., and Drits, V.A., 2000, Evolution of fundamental particle size during illitization of smectite and implications for the illitization mechanism: Clays and Clay Minerals, v. 48., p. 446-458. (on-line abstract)

Uhlik, P., Sucja, V., Eberl, D.D., Puskelova, L., and Caplovicova, M., 2000, Evolution of pyrophyllite particle sizes during grinding: Clay Minerals, v. 35, p. 423-432. (on-line abstract)

Foord, E.E., O'Connor, J.T., Hughes, J.M., Sutley, S. J., Falster, A.U., Soregaroli, A.E., Lichte, F.E., and Kile, D.E., 1999, Simmonsite, Na2LiAlF6, a new mineral from the Zapot amazonite-topaz-zinnwaldite pegmatite, Hawthorne, Nevada, USA: American Mineralogist, v. 84, p. 769-772. (on-line abstract)

Ibrahim, M.A., Lee, B.-G., Park, N.-G., Pugh, J.R., Eberl, D.D., and Frank, A.J., 1999, Synthesis of new oligothiophene derivatives and their intercalation compounds: orientation effects: Synthetic Metals, v. 105, p. 35-42.

Kile, D.E., and Eberl, D.D., 1999, Crystal growth mechanisms in miarolitic cavities in the Lake George ring complex, Colorado: American Mineralogist, v. 84, p. 718-724. (on-line abstract)

Kile, D.E., Wershaw, R.L., and Chiou, C.T., 1999, Correlation of soil and sediment organic matter polarity to aqueous sorption of nonionic compounds: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 33, p. 2053-2056. (on-line abstract or on-line pdf file - published by the American Chemical Society; not subject to U.S. copyright.)

Rajec, P., Sucha, V., Eberl, D.D., Srodon, J., and Elsass, F., 1999, Effect of illite particle shape on cesium sorption: Clays and Clay Minerals, v. 47, p. 755-760. (on-line abstract)

Srodon, J., Drits, V.A., McCarty, D.K., Hsieh, J.C.C., and Eberl, D.D., 1999, Quantitative mineral analysis by powder x-ray diffraction from random preparations: Texaco Upstream Technology Report 99-0134, 43 p.

White, A.F., Blum, A.E., Bullen, T.D., Vivit, D.V., Davison, V., Schultz, M., and Fitzpatrick, J., 1999, The effect of temperature on experimental and natural chemical weathering rates of granitoid rocks: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 63, p. 3277-3291.

FOR ADDITIONAL INFOMATION ABOUT THIS PROJECT, CONTACT
Dennis D. Eberl
U.S. Geological Survey, 3215 Marine St., Boulder, CO 80303
Email: ddeberl@usgs.gov
Telephone: 303-541-3028

Alex E. Blum
U.S. Geological Survey, 3215 Marine St., Boulder, CO 80303
Email: aeblum@usgs.gov
Telephone: 303-541-3027

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