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mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";} </style> <![endif]--> <meta name=author content="Mary Voytek"> <meta name=keywords content=""> <meta name=publisher content="U.S. Geological Survey"> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:shapedefaults v:ext="edit" spidmax="2050"/> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:shapelayout v:ext="edit"> <o:idmap v:ext="edit" data="1"/> </o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--> </head> <body bgcolor=white lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple style='tab-interval:.5in'> <div class=WordSection1> <div style='margin-left:127.5pt' id=mainbody> <p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><b><span style='font-size:18.0pt; font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:black'>Biogenic methane generation from coal and other geopolymers <o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p style='margin-top:0in' id=collab><i><span style='font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"; color:#006600'>An interdisciplinary study<o:p></o:p></span></i></p> <!--<div class="imagebox" style="width:225px;"><img src="images/piezometer_pegsamp.jpg" width="225" height="155" alt="Sampling in West Branch Canal Creek" /><p>Sampling is done in HAZMAT suits, to avoid many possible problems.</p></div>--> <p><span style='font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:black'>Coalbed methane is a significant energy resource, currently accounting for about 10% of natural gas production in the USA. Coalbed methane can be either thermogenic or biogenic in origin. Once the methane in a coalbed is harvested, there is a potential for generating additional biogenic methane. However, little is yet known about the microbial process of generating secondary methane from coal, or the mechanisms that control the occurrence or rate of the process. A bioassay was developed to determine the amount of coal organic matter available for microbial conversion to methane. A microbial consortium (<a href="wbc2.html">WBC-2</a>) was shown to produce secondary biogenic methane from several samples of subbitumunous coal in laboratory experiments. WBC-2 is a mixed culture which includes bacteria capable of fermenting some of the complex organic structures in coal to methane precursors and methanogens that generate methane. The WBC-2 bioassay was used to compare the methane generating potential of 10 subbituminous coal samples from cores drilled in south Texas and the Powder River Basin, WY. The bioassay offers a new tool for assessing the potential of coal for secondary methane generation, and provides a platform for studying the mechanisms involved in this economically important activity. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p><u><span style='font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:black'>Publications: <o:p></o:p></span></u></p> <p><span style='font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:black'>Jones, EJP, MA Voytek, PD Warwick, MD Corum, A. Cohn, JE Bunnell, AC Clark, and WH Orem. 2008. Bioassay for estimating the biogenic methane-generating potential of coal samples. Int. J. Coal Geology vol. 76, pp. 138-150.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p><span style='font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'>Orem, WH, MA Voytek, EJP Jones, HE Lerch, AL Bates, MD Corum, PD Warwick, and AC Clark. 2010. Organic intermediates in the anaerobic laboratory biodegradation of coal to methane. Organic Geochem.</span><span style='mso-bidi-font-weight: bold'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></span><span style='color:black'><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2010.03.005" target=doilink>doi:10.1016/j.orggeochem.2010.03.005</a></span><span style='font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <h2><span style='font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:black'>Water Resources Discipline and Geologic Discipline & working together<o:p></o:p></span></h2> <h3><span style='font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:black'>Microbiology:<o:p></o:p></span></h3> <p><span style='font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:black'>Mary Voytek (WRD)<br> Elizabeth Jones (WRD)<br> Julie Kirshtein (WRD)</span><span style='font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black'>Organic Geochemistry:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p><span style='font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:black'>Bill Orem (GD)<br> Margo Corum (GD)<br> Steve Harris (GD, Denver)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <h3><span style='font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:black'>Coal Geology:<o:p></o:p></span></h3> <p><span style='font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:black'>Peter Warwick (GD)<br> Art Clark (GD, Denver)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <h2><span style='font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:black'>Pictures<o:p></o:p></span></h2> <table class=MsoNormalTable border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width=520 style='width:390.0pt;mso-cellspacing:0in;border:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-alt: solid black .25pt;mso-yfti-tbllook:1184;mso-padding-alt:3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt'> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:0;mso-yfti-firstrow:yes'> <td valign=bottom style='border:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:solid black .25pt; padding:3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt'> <p class=MsoNormal><a href="images/cbm_0537.jpg"><span style='font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-no-proof: yes;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><img border=0 width=250 height=188 id="_x0000_i1028" src="images/cbm_0537_sm.jpg" alt="Margo and Julie discuss techniques"></span></a><span style='font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td valign=bottom style='border:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:solid black .25pt; padding:3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt'> <p class=MsoNormal><a href="images/cbm_0551.jpg"><span style='font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-no-proof: yes;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><img border=0 width=250 height=188 id="_x0000_i1027" src="images/cbm_0551_sm.jpg" alt="Coal boring rig in South Powder Basin, Wyoming"></span></a><span style='font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:1'> <td valign=top style='border:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:solid black .25pt; padding:3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span style='font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black'>Margo and Julie discuss techniques<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td valign=top style='border:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:solid black .25pt; padding:3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span style='font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black'>Coal boring rig in South Powder Basin, Wyoming<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:2'> <td valign=bottom style='border:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:solid black .25pt; padding:3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt'> <p class=MsoNormal><a href="images/cbm_0557.jpg"><span style='font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-no-proof: yes;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><img border=0 width=250 height=188 id="_x0000_i1026" src="images/cbm_0557_sm.jpg" alt="Coal boring rig at dusk in Texas"></span></a><span style='font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td valign=bottom style='border:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:solid black .25pt; padding:3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt'> <p class=MsoNormal><a href="images/cbm_0560.jpg"><span style='font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-no-proof: yes;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><img border=0 width=250 height=188 id="_x0000_i1025" src="images/cbm_0560_sm.jpg" alt="Margo and Julie filter and test newly-acquired coal"></span></a><span style='font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:3;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes'> <td valign=top style='border:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:solid black .25pt; padding:3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span style='font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black'>Coal boring rig at dusk in Texas<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td valign=top style='border:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:solid black .25pt; padding:3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span style='font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black'>Margo and Julie filter and test newly-acquired coal<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p><span style='font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:black'>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p> </div> </div> <!--#include virtual="templates/usgs_footer.html" --> </body> </html>