V.L. McGuire K.D. Lund B.K. Densmore 2012 raster digital data U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report USGS SIR 2012-5177 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey http://water.usgs.gov/lookup/getspatial?sir12-5177_hp_satthk09 V.L. McGuire K.D. Lund B.K. Densmore 2012 document U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report USGS SIR 2012-5177 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/sir20125177 This raster data set represents the saturated thickness of the High Plains aquifer of the United States, 2009, in feet. The High Plains aquifer underlies approximately 112.6 million acres (176,000 square miles) in parts of eight States: Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming. The aquifer's saturated thickness ranges from near zero to about 1,200 feet (Weeks and Gutentag, 1981). Water-level declines occurred in parts of the High Plains aquifer soon after the onset of substantial irrigation with groundwater (about 1950) (Luckey and others, 1981). This data set was generated in ESRI ArcInfo Workstation Version 9.3, which is a geographic information system (GIS), using an aquifer base raster data set, saturated-thickness data from wells measured in 2009 and from some additional wells in New Mexico, which were measured in 2005 through 2008, and a published map of the aquifer's saturated thickness in 1980 (Weeks and Gutentag, 1981). For this data set, (1) areas that Gutentag and others (1984) delineated as areas of "little or no saturated thickness" and (2) areas, generally near the aquifer boundary, with interpolated saturated thickness less than zero were set to a saturated thickness of 10 feet. REFERENCES CITED -- Gutentag, E.D., Heimes, F.J., Krothe, N.C., Luckey, R.R., and Weeks, J.B., 1984, Geohydrology of the High Plains aquifer in parts of Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1400-B, 63 p. Luckey, R.R., Gutentag, E.D., and Weeks, J.B., 1981, Water-level and saturated-thickness changes, predevelopment to 1980, in the High Plains aquifer in parts of Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Investigations Atlas HA-652, 2 sheets, scale 1:2,500,000. Weeks, J.B., and Gutentag, E.D., 1981, Bedrock geology, altitude of base, and 1980 saturated thickness of the High Plains aquifer in parts of Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Investigations Atlas HA-648, 2 sheets, scale 1:2,500,000. This data set was created to document the distribution of saturated thickness of the High Plains aquifer in 2009 and to make available the data on this map for use with geographic information systems (GIS). This data set was generated at the request of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Farm Service Agency. This raster data set is associated with the U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report USGS 2012-5177, which describes the methods used to generate this raster data set (Saturated thickness, High Plains aquifer, 2009) and the following related raster data sets: Water-level change, High Plains aquifer, 1980 to 1995; Water-level change, High Plains aquifer, 1995 to 2000; Water-level change, High Plains aquifer, 2000 to 2005; Water-level change, High Plains aquifer, 2005 to 2009; Specific yield, High Plains aquifer. 2009 publication date Complete Not specified -106.016217 -96.225303 43.806420 31.598356 None aquifers groundwater ground water High Plains aquifer Ogallala aquifer saturated thickness ISO 19115 Topic Category geoscientificInformation inlandWaters None High Plains Great Plains Colorado Kansas Nebraska New Mexico Oklahoma South Dakota Texas Wyoming None 2009 None This data has a resolution of 500 meters and should not be used for more detailed analysis. Virginia L. McGuire U.S. Gelogical Survey Hydrologist mailing address

Nebraska Water Science Center

5231 South 19th Street

Lincoln NE 68512-1271 USA (402)328-4126 (402)328-4101 vlmcguir@usgs.gov http://water.usgs.gov/GIS/browse/hp_satthk09.jpg Illustration of the data set. jpg The water-level data used to map saturated thickness was provided by numerous Federal, State, and local entities. Microsoft Windows XP Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 3; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.3.1.3000 V.L. McGuire K.D. Lund B.K. Densmore 2012 U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report USGS SIR 2012-5177 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey See Entity Attribute information. Not applicable for raster data. Data set is complete for the High Plains areas. Data gaps within the High Plains boundary indicate areas where the aquifer is not present. The data set has a horizontal resolution of 500 meters. U.S. Geological Survey 2011 tabular digital data http://ne.water.usgs.gov/ogw/hpwlms/data.html online 2011 ground condition HPWLMS-website-data Water-level data for wells screened in the High Plains aquifer. Sharon L. Qi 2010 vector digital data Digital Data Series 543 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/543/ online 2010 publication date U.S. Geological Survey DS-543 An update to the boundary of the High Plains aquifer and the boundary of internal areas where the aquifer is not present. This is an update of boundary presented in U.S. Geological Survey PP-1400-B. E.D. Gutentag F.J. Heimes N.C. Krothe R.R. Luckey J.B. Weeks 1984 map Professional Paper 1400-B Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/pp1400B paper 1984 publication date U.S. Geological Survey PP-1400-B Boundary of the High Plains aquifer and boundary of internal areas where the aquifer is not present. J.B. Weeks E.D. Gutentag 1981 Hydrologic Atlas 648 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/usgspubs/ha/ha648 2500000 paper 1981 publication date U.S. Geological Survey HA-648 Reference map of saturated thickness, 1980, and aquifer base, High Plains aquifer. R.G. Borman T.S. Meredith 1983 Hydrologic Atlas 669 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey http://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/669/plate-1.pdf 500000 paper 1983 publication date U.S. Geological Survey HA-669 Reference map of aquifer base, northern High Plains aquifer, Colorado. R.G. Borman T.S. Meredith S.M. Boyd 1984 Hydrologic Atlas 673 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey 500000 paper 1984 publication date U.S. Geological Survey HA-673 Reference map of aquifer base, southern High Plains aquifer, Colorado. D.L. Hart D.P. McAda 1985 Hydrologic Atlas 679 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey http://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/679/plate-1.pdf 1000000 paper 1985 publication date U.S. Geological Survey HA-679 Reference map of aquifer base, High Plains aquifer, southeastern New Mexico. K.E. Juracek C.V. Hansen 1995 vector digital data Open-File Report 95-758 Lawrence, KS Kansas Geological Survey http://www.kansasgis.org/catalog/index.cfm online 1995 publication date U.S. Geological Survey OFR 95-758 Reference map of aquifer base, High Plains aquifer, Kansas. R.R. Luckey M.F. Becker 1999 Water Resources Investigations Report 99-4104 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey http://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri994104/pdf/wri994104.pdf paper 1999 publication date U.S. Geological Survey WRIR 99-4104 Reference map of aquifer base, High Plains aquifer, Oklahoma. N.A. Houston C.A. Garcia E.W. Strom 2003 vector digital data Open-File Report 2003-296 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey CD-ROM 2003 publication date U.S. Geological Survey OFR 2003-296 Reference map of aquifer base, High Plains aquifer, Texas. V.L. McGuire M.R. Johnson R.L. Schieffer J.S. Stanton S.K. Sebree I.M. Verstraeten 2003 Circular 1243 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey http://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/2003/circ1243/ paper 2003 publication date U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1243 Reference map of saturated thickness, 2000, and aquifer base, High Plains aquifer. U.S. Geological Survey 2011 tabular digital data Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/gw online 2011 ground condition U.S. Geological Survey NWIS Water-level data with the well's land-surface altitude and spatial location. J.R. Cederstrand M.F. Becker 1999 vector digital data Open-File Report 99-266 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey http://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/ofr99-266.xml online 1984 ground condition U.S. Geological Survey OFR 99-266 Boundary of areas of little or no saturated thickness, High Plains aquifer. J.R. Cederstrand M.F. Becker 1999 vector digital data Open-File Report 99-261 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey http://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/ofr99-261.xml online 1984 ground condition U.S. Geological Survey OFR 99-261 Location and extent of major faults within the boundary of the High Plains aquifer. J.R. Cederstrand M.F. Becker 1998 vector digital data Open-File Report 98-393 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey http://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/ofr98-393_aqbase.xml online 1980 ground condition U.S. Geological Survey OFR 98-393 A reference map for the altitude of the base of the High Plains aquifer. The following data and data sets were assembled: (1) water-level-altitude data from wells screened in the High Plains aquifer and measured in nominal date 2009 (available for download on the U.S. Geological Survey High Plains aquifer water-level monitoring study site at http://ne.water.usgs.gov/ogw/hpwlms/); (2) the aquifer boundary and the boundary of internal areas where the aquifer is not present (Qi, 2010); (3) the altitude of the aquifer base, 2000, relative to the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 29) (McGuire and others, 2003); this aquifer base was the result of combining a number of published base-of-aquifer maps, giving precedence to the most recent contours (Weeks and Gutentag, 1981; Hart and McAda, 1985; Borman and Meredith, 1983; Borman and others, 1984; Juracek and Hansen, 1995; Cederstrand and Becker, 1998; Luckey and Becker, 1999; Houston and others, 2003); (4) saturated thickness, 1980 and 2000 (Weeks and Gutentag, 1981; Gutentag and others, 1984; Cederstrand and Becker,1998; McGuire and others, 2003); (5) areas in the High Plains aquifer with little or no saturated thickness (Cederstrand and Becker, 1999a); and (6) the extent of major faults within the High Plains aquifer (Cederstrand and Becker, 1999b). HPWLMS-website-data U.S. Geological Survey DS-543 U.S. Geological Survey HA-648 U.S. Geological Survey HA-669 U.S. Geological Survey HA-673 U.S. Geological Survey HA-679 U.S. Geological Survey OFR 95-758 U.S. Geological Survey OFR 98-393 U.S. Geological Survey WRIR 99-4104 U.S. Geological Survey OFR 2003-296 U.S. Geological Survey PP-1400-B U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1243 U.S. Geological Survey OFR 99-266 U.S. Geological Survey OFR 99-261 2011 The geographic information system ESRI ArcInfo Workstation Version 9.3 latticespot command was used to interpolate the base of aquifer for each well with a static water-level measurement in pre-irrigation season, 2009, or, for New Mexico wells, the most recent static water level from land surface, in feet, in pre-irrigation season of 2005 through 2009. The attribute fsa_sat09 was calculated as land-surface altitude in feet, relative to the Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 29), minus the depth to water in feet, minus altitude of the aquifer base relative to NGVD 29. A given well was deleted from the set of wells used to interpolate saturated thickness, 2009, if (1) it did not have land-surface altitude, (2) it had a calulated saturated thickness that was less that zero, or (3) it had a saturated thickness that was not reasonable (for example, 100 feet greater) with respect to neighboring wells likely because of errors in land-surface altitude or location of well.The final set of wells used to interpolate saturated thickness, 2009, was sat09pts. None 2011 The polygon coverage of the aquifer boundary (Qi, 2010) was converted to a point coverage titled aq_only_pt using the ESRI ArcInfo Workstation Version 9.3 command arcpoint. An attribute, beginval, was added to the points and beginval was set equal to zero for all the points to reflect that there is little water-level-change data at the aquifer boundary. U.S. Geological Survey DS-543 2011 The ESRI ArcInfo Workstation Version 9.3 command polygrid was used to generate a raster titled g02_aqisle with the cells equal to one in the internal areas within the aquifer boundary where the aquifer is not present (Qi, 2010). U.S. Geological Survey DS-543 2011 The ESRI ArcInfo Workstation Version 9.3 command polygrid was used to generate a raster titled gnosatpoly09 with the cells equal to eight in the internal areas within the aquifer boundary, which were designated as areas of little or no saturated thickness. U.S. Geological Survey DS-543 U.S. Geological Survey PP-1400-B U.S. Geological Survey OFR 99-266 2011 The attributes beginval and refarcno were added to the lines of saturated thickness, 2000 (McGuire and others, 2003). The beginval attribute for lines was populated with the starting value of the contour. Along faults within the aquifer boundary, the lines that form the fault were populated with beginval equal to the beginning value of saturated thickness on one side of the fault (usually the downthrown side). The line attribute, refarcno, was initally set to zero of all lines. The polygon attributes refpolyno, sat_min, sat_max, and sat_mid, were added to the polygons; refpolyno was initially set to zero for all polygons and sat_min, sat_max, and sat_mid were populated, respectively, with the minimum, maxiumum, or average of the polygon range.The final line-polygon data set from this process was titled fsa_sat2000b. U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1243 2011 An ESRI ArcInfo Workstation Version 9.3 line data set, fsa_faultm, was created (Cederstrand and Becker, 199b). The lines in fsa_faultm were on the upthrown side of each fault, slightly off-set away from the fault line. An attribute, beginval, was added to each line segment. The attribute, beginval, was populated with the starting value of saturated thickness within polygon(s) on the upthrown side (McGuire and others, 2003). U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1243 U.S. Geological Survey OFR 99-261 2011 The ESRI ArcInfo Workstation Version 9.3 topogrid command was used to interpolate the values of saturated thickness, 2009, in feet (attribute titled fsa_sat09), and generate an initial raster of the data (in feet). Inputs to the topogrid command were (1) the aquifer boundary (aq_only) (Qi, 2010), (2) the wells with saturated thickness values for 2009 (sat09pts) (available for download on the U.S. Geological Survey High Plains aquifer water-level monitoring study site at http://ne.water.usgs.gov/ogw/hpwlms/), and (3) the aquifer boundary as points (aq_only_pt). The raster output from this process was fsasat09pt_1a. U.S. Geological Survey DS-543 HPWLMS-website-data 2011 The ESRI ArcInfo Workstation Version 9.3 Grid command setnull was used to generate a new raster, titled fsasat09pt_1b, with cell values equal to fsasat09pt_1a except in cells in the internal areas within the aquifer boundary where the aquifer is not present (raster g02_aqisle); in these areas, the cell value was set to null. U.S. Geological Survey DS-543 2011 The ESRI ArcInfo Workstation Version 9.3 Grid command con was used to generate a new raster, titled fsasat09pt_1c, with cell values equal to fsasat09pt_1b except in cells with cell value less than zero, where the cell value was reset to 10. None 2011 The ESRI ArcInfo Workstation Version 9.3 Grid command con was used to generate a new raster, titled fsasat09pt_1d, with cell values equal to fsasat09pt_1c except in cells in internal areas within the aquifer boundary designated as an area of little or no saturated thickness (raster gnosatpoly09), where the cell value was set to 10. U.S. Geological Survey DS-543 U.S. Geological Survey PP-1400-B U.S. Geological Survey OFR 99-266 2011 The ESRI ArcInfo Workstation Version 9.3 contour command was used to contour the raster fsasat09pt_1c for the following ranges (in feet): 0, 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, and 1100. These contours were manually compared to the contours of saturated thickness in 2000. Selected lines of saturated thickness in 2000 were modified to reflect the 2009 saturated thickness values (McGuire and others, 2003). In areas, where there are few wells with 2009-saturated-thickness values, the modified lines and (or) polygons from the 2000-saturated-thickness map were designated as reference lines and (or) polygons to mark these lines and polygons for input to a later run of topogrid to limit the effects of isolated 2009-saturated-thickness values on the resulting raster. The line attribute refarcno was populated with a one for the selected lines. The polygon attribute refpolyno was populated with a one for the selected polygons. Areas with few water-level measurements included north-central Nebraska and east-central Wyoming. The final line-polygon data set from this process is titled fsa_sat2000b. U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1243 2011 The ESRI ArcInfo Workstation Version 9.3 Arcedit program is used to make a line data set, titled fsa_satrefarc, of only the reference lines (attribute refarcno equal to one) in data set fsa_sat2000b. None 2011 The ESRI ArcInfo Workstation Version 9.3 command polygrid was used to generate a rasters of the reference polygons (attribute refpolyno equal to one) in data set fsa_sat2000b. The rasters generated were fsasat00pref of the reference polygons, fsasatrefmin with the minimum polygon value, fsasatrefmax with the maximum polygon value, and fsasatrefmid with the average polygon value. None 2011 The ESRI ArcInfo Workstation Version 9.3 topogrid command was used to interpolate the values of saturated thickness, 2009, in feet (attribute titled fsa_sat09), and generate a revised raster. Inputs to the topogrid command were (1) the aquifer boundary (aq_only), (2) the wells with saturated thickness values for 2009 (sat09pts), (3) the aquifer boundary as points (aq_only_pt), (4) reference lines (fsa_satrefarc), and (5) lines slightly offset from fault lines, on the upthrown side of the fault (fsa_faultm). The lines data sets, fsa_satrefarc and fsa_faultm, are used to control the interpolation of saturated thickness, 2009, by topogrid. The output topogrid raster was titled fsasat09pt_1a. U.S. Geological Survey DS-543 U.S. Geological Survey OFR 99-261 U.S. Geological Survey PP-1400-B 2011 The ESRI ArcInfo Workstation Version 9.3 Grid command setnull was used to generate a new raster, titled fsasat09pt_1b, with cell values equal to fsasat09pt_1a except in cells in the internal areas within the aquifer boundary where the aquifer is not present (raster g02_aqisle); in these areas, the cell value was set to null. U.S. Geological Survey DS-543 2011 The ESRI ArcInfo Workstation Version 9.3 Grid command con was used to generate a new raster, titled fsasat09pt_1c, with cell values equal to fsasat09pt_1b except in cells with cell value less than zero, where the cell value was reset to 10. None 2011 The ESRI ArcInfo Workstation Version 9.3 Grid command con was used to generate a new raster, titled fsasat09pt_1d, with cell values equal to fsasat09pt_1c except in cells in internal areas within the aquifer boundary designated as an area of little or no saturated thickness (raster gnosatpoly09), where the cell value was set to 10. U.S. Geological Survey DS-543 U.S. Geological Survey PP-1400-B U.S. Geological Survey OFR 99-266 2011 The ESRI ArcInfo Workstation Version 9.3 Grid command con was used to generate a new raster, titled fsasat09pt_1e, with cell values equal to fsasat09pt_1d except in cells within the reference polygons (raster fsasat00pref), where the cell value was set to the reference polygon average value if the cell value is less than the minimum of the reference polygon. None 2011 The ESRI ArcInfo Workstation Version 9.3 Grid command con was used to generate a new raster, titled fsasat09pt_1f, with cell values equal to fsasat09pt_1e except in cells within the reference polygons (raster fsasat00pref), where the cell value was set to the reference polygon average value if the cell value is greater than the maximum of the reference polygon. None 2011 Raster Grid Cell 2659 1569 1 Albers Conical Equal Area 29.500000 45.500000 -96.000000 23.000000 0.000000 0.000000 row and column 500.000000 500.000000 meters North American Datum of 1983 Geodetic Reference System 80 6378137.000000 298.257222 The values of the raster data set represent saturated thickness of the High Plains aquifer, 2009, in feet. Saturated thickness ranges from near zero to more than 1,100 feet. This raster data set was produced for a U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5177. The report is titled "Saturated thickness and water in storage in the High Plains aquifer, 2009, and water-level changes and changes in water in storage in the High Plains aquifer, 1980 to 1995, 1995 to 2000, 2000 to 2005, and 2005 to 2009." U.S. Geological Survey Ask USGS -- Water Webserver Team mailing address

445 National Center

Reston VA 20192 USA 1-888-275-8747 (1-888-ASK-USGS) http://answers.usgs.gov/cgi-bin/gsanswers?pemail=h2oteam&subject=GIS+Dataset+sir12-5177_hp_satthk09 Downloadable Data Although these data have been used by the U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior, no warranty expressed or implied is made by the U.S. Geological Survey as to the accuracy of the data. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the U.S. Geological Survey in the use of these data, software, or related materials. The use of firm, trade, or brand names in this report is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey. The names mentioned in this document may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective trademark owners. ArcInfo Workstation GRID spatial and attribute information zip -d; unzip 6601 kilobytes http://water.usgs.gov/GIS/dsdl/hp_satthk09.zip None ASCII spatial and attribute information zip -d; unzip 6963 kilobytes http://water.usgs.gov/GIS/dsdl/hp_satthk09a.zip None None. This data set is provided by the U.S. Geological Survey as a public service. 20121001 20121108 U.S. Geological Survey Ask USGS - Water Webserver Team mailing

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Reston VA 20192 1-888-275-8747 (1-888-ASK-USGS) http://water.usgs.gov/user_feedback_form.html FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998