Faunt, Claudia C. 2006 vector digital data Digital geospatial data sets for the hydrogeologic framework and transient ground-water flow model, Death Valley regional ground-water flow system, Nevada and California drains Reston, Virginia U.S. Geological Survey http://water.usgs.gov/lookup/getspatial?sir045205_drains Belcher, W.R. and Sweetkind, D.S. (editors) 2010 U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1711 Reston, Virginia U.S. Geological Survey 6 chapters, 2 appendices, 2 plates, 403 p. http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/pp1711 Belcher, W.R. (editor) 2004 U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5205 Reston, Virginia U.S. Geological Survey 6 chapters, 2 appendices, 2 plates, 408 p. http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2004/5205/ This digital data set represents discharge areas in the Death Valley regional ground-water flow system (DVRFS) transient model. Natural ground-water discharge occurs by way of evapotranspiration (ET) and spring flow in the DVRFS model domain, an approximately 45,000 square-kilometer region of southern Nevada and California. Ground water is simulated as discharging from a drain boundary (cell) when the simulated head in the cell rises above a specified drain altitude using the Drain package (Harbaugh and others, 2000). Average annual values of ET and spring discharge (San Juan and others, 2004) were used as observation information during calibration of the DVRFS model (Faunt and others, 2004). The DVRFS transient ground-water flow model is one of the most recent in a number of regional-scale models developed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) to support investigations at the Nevada Test Site (NTS) and at Yucca Mountain, Nevada (see "Larger Work Citation", Chapter A, page 8). Cells simulating discharge from ET and spring flow through drain boundaries were used as input to MODFLOW-2000, the USGS 3D finite-difference code used to simulate ground-water flow in the DVRFS. Average annual values of ET and spring discharge were also used to develop drain observations for calibrating the DVRFS transient ground-water flow model. The discharge data set is one of many layers in a geospatial data base supporting the USGS DVRFS project. During this 5-year (1998-2004) project the USGS, in cooperation with DOE and other Federal, State, and local agencies, developed this geospatial data base for a regional-scale, 3D hydrogeologic framework model (HFM) and a ground-water flow model. The models are intended to address water-resource issues and the potential movement of radioactive material from the Nevada Test Site and the proposed high-level nuclear waste repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Data from two previous ground-water flow models of the greater Death Valley region (see "Larger Work Citation", Chapter A, p. 7) were the foundation of the DVRFS geospatial data base. Those and other data were reexamined through a series of regional-scale hydrologic investigations to provide updated and spatially consistent interpretations for the DVRFS study. In some cases, new data were collected to augment the existing information. Data compiled from the studies include natural ground-water discharge occurring through evapotranspiration and spring flow; ground-water pumping for the period 1913-98; ground-water recharge simulated as net infiltration; ground-water inflow and outflow at lateral model boundaries; hydraulic conductivity and its relation to depth and other rock properties; and the estimation of water levels representative of prepumped and pumped conditions in the region. Digital elevation models, geologic maps, borehole information, cross sections, and other 3D models were used to develop the HFM which represents the geometry of 27 hydrogeologic units and structural features. The resulting geospatial data base supports characterization and conceptualization of the DVRFS, construction of 3D hydrogeologic framework and ground-water flow models, and visualization of analysis and model results. 2004 publication date Complete None planned -117.718697 -114.981308 38.120690 35.481569 USGS Water Basics Glossary. Accessed May 3, 2005 at http://capp.water.usgs.gov/GIP/h2o_gloss/; American Geological Institute Glossary of Geology Death Valley regional ground-water flow system drain boundary flow model ground water ground-water discharge hydraulic head drain observation hydrogeology hydrology MODFLOW-2000 spring flow transient ground-water model U.S. Board of Geographic Names (BGN) and Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Amargosa Desert Ash Meadows California California Valley Chicago Valley China Ranch Clark County Clayton Valley Coal Valley Death Valley Esmeralda County Eureka Valley Franklin Lake Franklin Well Garden Valley Inyo County Kern County Las Vegas Valley Lincoln County Mesquite Valley Mineral County Mono County Nevada Nevada Test Site Nye County Oasis Valley Owlshead Mountains Pahranagat Range Pahrump Valley Panamint Range Penoyer Valley Railroad Valley Resting Spring Saline Valley San Bernadino County Sarcobatus Flat Sheep Range Shoshone Silurian Valley southern Nevada Spring Mountains Stewart Valley Stone Cabin Valley Tecopa Yucca Mountain None Data have been checked to ensure the accuracy of the data. If any errors are detected, please notify the originating office. The U.S. Geological Survey strongly recommends that careful attention be paid to the metadata file associated with these data. The U.S. Geological Survey shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and (or) contained herein. Acknowledgement of the U.S. Geological Survey would be appreciated in products derived from these data. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this Federal Geographic Data Committee-compliant metadata file is intended to document the data set in nonproprietary form, as well as in ArcGIS format, this metadata file may include some ArcGIS-specific terminology. U.S. Geological Survey Claudia Faunt mailing and physical address

California Water Science Center

San Diego Projects Office

4165 Spruance Road, Suite 200

San Diego California 92101 USA (619) 225-6142 (619) 225-6101 ccfaunt@usgs.gov http://water.usgs.gov/GIS/browse/sir045205_drains.jpg Illlustration of data set jpg Spatial data sets supporting the Death Valley regional ground-water flow system (DVRFS) project were developed in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) National Nuclear Security Administration/Nevada Site Office (NNSA/NSO) Underground Test Area (UGTA) project of the Office of Environmental Management, the NNSA/NSO Hydrologic Resource Management Program (HRMP), the Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management (OCRWM) Yucca Mountain Project (YMP), the NNSA/NSO Maintenance of Test Capability (MTC) program, and the National Park Service (NPS). Microsoft Windows XP Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 2; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.1.0.722 Attributes added by the GIS and the data-set author were checked by inspection using a GIS. In addition, attributes were checked and evaluated as part of the review process associated with the publication of the source report. Lines forming polygons join at endpoints to completely enclose defined areas. No duplicate polygon features or pseudo nodes exist. Nodes are represented by a single coordinate pair that indicates the starting/ending point of the line forming the polygon. All vertices that define the shapes of the polygons are represented by unique coordinate pairs. The polygon features in this data set are computer-generated and represent the model grid and drain cells of the DVRFS numerical flow model. The data set is complete and is not anticipated to change. Horizontal positional accuracy of line features in the data set was tested by visually comparing to digital source maps using a GIS system. Harbaugh, J.W. Banta, E.R. Hill, M.C. McDonald, M.G. 2000 document U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 00-92 Reston, Virginia U.S. Geological Survey 121 p. http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/usgspubs/ofr/ofr0092 online 2000 publication date Harbaugh and others (2000) MODFLOW-2000 user guide and Drain package variable definitions San Juan, C. A. Belcher, W.R. Laczniak, R.J. Putnam, H.M. 2004 Chapter C Belcher, W.R. (ed.) 2004 document U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5205 Reston, Virginia U.S. Geological Survey http://water.usgs.gov/pubs/sir/2004/5205/ 250,000 online 2004 publication date San Juan and others (2004) Compiled dishcarge data used for drain observations Faunt, C.C. Sweetkind, D.S. Belcher, W.R. 2004 Chapter E Belcher, W.R. (ed.) 2004 document U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5205 Reston, Virginia U.S. Geological Survey http://water.usgs.gov/pubs/sir/2004/5205/ 250,000 online 2004 publication date Faunt and others (2004) Data set source Hill, M.C. Banta, E.R. Harbaugh, A.W. Anderman, E.R. 2000 document U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 00-184 Reston, Virginia U.S. Geological Survey http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/usgspubs/ofr/ofr00184 online 2000 publication date Hill and others (2000) MODFLOW-2000 user guide and drain observation variable definitions A GIS was used to develop a polygon layer representing the flow-model grid, and drain cells were specified within the model grid where natural discharge from springs or ET was estimated (Harbaugh and others, 2000). Specifically, cells with reported springs (San Juan and others, 2004), or with ET areas greater than 4 percent of the cell area, were included as drain cells in the model. For cells covered only partly by an ET area, the fractional area was specified in the Drain package. The drain conductances were estimated during calibration. These conductances represent the hydraulic properties of materials through which ground-water flows to the surface. Drain altitudes were set 10 meters below the lowest land-surface altitudes for each group of cells (Faunt and others, 2004, fig. F-7). This altitude represents an approximation of the extinction depth for evapotranspiration. Likewise, the altitudes of drains representing springs were set equal to reported spring altitudes. Average annual values of ET and spring discharge (San Juan and others, 2004) were used to develop discharge observations for model calibration (Faunt and others, 2004, table F-4). The drain cells were attributed with additional information required by the Drain and observation packages in MODFLOW-2000 (Harbaugh and others, 2000; Hill and others, 2000). Harbaugh and others (2000) San Juan and others (2004) Faunt and others (2004) Hill and others (2000) 2004 Vector G-polygon 31040 Universal Transverse Mercator 11 0.999600 -117.000000 0.000000 500000.000000 0.000000 coordinate pair 0.000512 0.000512 meters North American Datum of 1927 Clarke 1866 6378206.400000 294.978698 Model drain cell Grid cell in a ground-water model where water flows out of the cell when the simulated head in the cell rises above a specified drain altitude Harbaugh and others (2000) FID Internal feature number. Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. (ESRI) Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Shape Feature geometry. ESRI Coordinates defining the features. COLUMN Model-grid column number Harbaugh and others (2000) 1 160 Integer ROW Model-grid row number Harbaugh and others (2000) 1 194 Integer RESIDUAL Difference between the observed and model-simulated value of a drain observation Hill and others (2000) -11,871.77 23,201.49 cubic meters per day WRESIDUAL Weighted difference between the observed and model-simulated value of a drain observation Hill and others (2000) -10 9.1801 cubic meters per day LAYER Flow-model layer number containing the drain Harbaugh and others (2000) 0 10 Integer ELEVATION Elevation of drain cell (in meters referenced to North American Vertical Datum of 1988) Harbaugh and others (2000) -83.0 1442.0 meters CONDFACT The factor used to calculate the drain hydraulic conductance from the parameter value. Harbaugh and others (2000) 0 1 Integer GROUP Group of model cells representing a discharge feature Faunt and others (2004), Table F-4, Figure F-7 Name identifying a group of model cells representing a discharge feature PARAMETER Name of the drain model parameter Harbaugh and others (2000) Name used to identify a drain model parameter FACTOR The portion of flow a drain cell contributes to the total simulated drain flow from a drain cell group Faunt and others (2004), Table F-4 0 1 Integer OBSNAM Drain observation name Hill and others (2004) Unique identifier for each drain observation IREFSP Stress period to which a drain observation is referenced Hill and others (2004) 0 1 Integer TOFFSET Time from the beginning of stress period to the time of the drain observation Hill and others (2004) 0 86 Integer HOBS The observed drain-boundary flow (cubic meters per day). Negative values indicates flow out of the system. Hill and others (2004) -30,958 0 Cubic meters per day STATISTIC Value used to calculate the observation weight Hill and others (2004) 0 0.71 STAT_FLAG Type of statistic used to calculate the drain weight (scaled coefficient of variation Hill and others (2004) 0 2 Integer PLOT_SYM Integer indicating symbol type to be used for plotting Hill and others (2004) 0 3 Integer Each model grid polygon feature has 19 attributes. Two attributes are automatically generated by the GIS (FID, Shape) for internal software purposes. The remaining attributes were assigned by the author (Citation Originator) for analysis and for developing input files for the DVRFS numerical ground-water flow model. - U.S. Geological Survey Ask USGS - Water Webserver Team mailing and physical address

445 National Center

Reston VA 20192 USA 1-888-275-8747 http://water.usgs.gov/user_feedback_form.html Contact via email or phone. Digital geospatial data sets for the transient ground-water flow model and hydrogeologic framework model, Death Valley regional ground-water flow system, Nevada and California Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the accuracy or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. This disclaimer applies both to individual use of the data and aggregate use with other data. These data should be directly acquired from a U.S. Geological Survey server, and not indirectly through other sources that may have altered the data in some way. Shapefile 1.0 Unzip 1.06 Megabytes http://water.usgs.gov/GIS/dsdl/drains.zip None 20070201 U.S. Geological Survey mailing address

445 National Center

Reston Virginia 20192 USA 1-888-275-8747 (1-888-ASK-USGS) http://answers.usgs.gov/cgi-bin/gsanswers?pemail=h2oteam&subject=GIS+Dataset+sir045205_drains FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998