U.S. Geological Survey Ghaith R. Hamade 2000 Version 1 USGS Open-File Report 00-329 Rapid City, SD U.S. Geological Survey Driscoll, D.G., Hamade, G.R., and Kenner, S.J., 2000, Summary of precipitation data for the Black Hills area of South Dakota, water years 1931-98: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 00-329, 151 p. http://water.usgs.gov/lookup/getspatial?sd_prgages U.S. Geological Survey 2000 map USGS Open-File Report 00-329 Rapid City, SD U.S. Geological Survey Location of precipitation gages are shown in figure 4 on page 9 and data are presented in Supplemental Information sections A and B in OFR 00-329 http://sd.water.usgs.gov/pubs/abstracts/ofr00-329.html This dataset provides monthly precipitation data for 94 precipitation stations in the Black Hills area of South Dakota. The dataset contains measured values for months with complete record. The dataset contains estimated monthly values for months with missing or incomplete records. This dataset was created for the Black Hills Hydrology Study (BHHS). The BHHS is a long-term investigation that was initiated in 1990 as a cooperative effort between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the South Dakota Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), and the West Dakota Water Development District. West Dakota represents various local and county cooperators. The purpose of the study was to assess the quantity, quality, and distribution of surface and ground water in the Black Hills area of South Dakota (Driscoll, 1992). The study area includes parts of Butte, Custer, Fall River, Lawrence, Meade, and Pennington Counties in South Dakota. Reviews_Applied_to_Data: This digital coverage was subjected to the same review standard that applies to all U.S. Geological Survey reports. Reviewers were asked to check the topological consistency, tolerances, attribute frequencies and statistics, projection, and graphic extent. The reviewers checked the metadata files for completeness and accuracy. Other_References_Cited: Driscoll, D.G., 1992, Plan of study for the Black Hills Hydrology Study, South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-84, 10 p. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this Federal Geograpahic Data Committee-compliant metadata file is intended to document the data set in nonproprietary form, as well as in ARC/INFO format, this metadata file may include some ARC/INFO-specific terminology. 1931 1998 publication date Complete None planned -104.445445 -103.044682 44.739356 43.043267 none precipitation precipitation gages none Black Hills South Dakota None None jmcarter@usgs.gov U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologist mailing address

1608 Mt. View Road

Rapid City SD 57702 USA 605 355-4560 ext. 215 605 355-4523 jmcarter@usgs.gov Compilation of this data set and the associated metadata was funded in cooperation with the South Dakota Department of Environment and Natural Resources and the West Dakota Water Development District. SunOS, 5.6, sun4u UNIX ARC/INFO version 8.0.1 U.S. Geological Survey 2000 map USGS Open-File Report 00-329 Rapid City, SD U.S. Geological Survey http://sd.water.usgs.gov/pubs/abstracts/ofr00-329.html Multiple visual checks were done to verify that the attribute data was coincident with the data tables published in the original source information. Point features present. This data set consists of measured and estimated monthly precipitation values for 94 precipitation gages in the Black Hills area. These data values are published in Driscoll, Hamade, and Kenner (2000). Precipitation gages were plotted using published latitudes and longitudes for the precipitation gages. U.S. Geological Survey 2000 spreadsheet USGS Open-File Report 00-329 Rapid City, SD U.S. Geological Survey http://sd.water.usgs.gov/pubs/abstracts/ofr00-329.html U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 1930 1998 publication date A geographic information system program utilized an inverse-distance weighting method to generate spatial precipitation distributions from point precipitation data for the Black Hills area based on available monthly records. An inverse-distance weighting (IDW) method was used to generate spatial precipitation distributions from point precipitation data for the Black Hills area based on available monthly records. The method calculated values for grid cells using measured data from a selected number of surrounding precipitation gages and a weighting factor equal to the inverse-distance raised to the second power. ARC/INFO was the GIS software used to perform the spatial distribution, using standard commands within the ARC GRID subroutine. Using the SAMPLE option, a mimimum radius and maximum number of precipitation gages were specified, and the the search radius was expanded until either maxima was satisfied. If the number of gages could not be satisfied within the maximum radius, fewer gages were used. A maximum of five precipitation gages within a maximum radius of 50 kilometers (31 miles) was specified, based on precipitation patterns and the distribution of precipitation gages within the study area. Using this method, a distributed precipitation grid was created for each month of each water years from 1931 throug 1998. Only measured precipitation data were used to generate monthly distributed precipitation grids. The resulting grids were used to estimate monthly precipitation for gages with missing values. The estimated monthly precipitation values were added to the point coverage containing the measured values. Estimated values were included only if a measured value was missing and are denoted as "EST" in the coverage. The arcs were clipped to the Black Hills Hydrology Study area boundary on the east, north, and south, and were roughly clipped to a map area on the west. 2000 Janet Carter U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologist 605 355-4560 605 355-4523 jmcarter@usgs.gov Point Entity point 6486 Point 4 Universal Transverse Mercator 13 0.999600 -105.000000 0.000000 500000.000000 0.000000 coordinate pair 0.000512 0.000512 meters North American Datum of 1927 Clarke 1866 6378206.400000 294.978698 sd_prgages.pat Point attribute table ARC/INFO AREA Area of feature in internal units squared. ESRI Area is always zero for point coverages. Values are automatically generated. PERIMETER Perimeter of feature in internal units. ESRI Perimeter is always zero for point coverages. Values are automatically generated. SD_PRGAGES# Internal feature number. ESRI Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. SD_PRGAGES-ID User-defined feature number. ESRI Whole numbers that are automatically generated. SITE-ID Internal feature number. ESRI Sequential unique whole numbers that are assigned by reporting agency. YEAR Calendar year JAN Measured precipitation value, in inches, for January of given water year. Missing values reported as -9999.00. FEB Measured precipitation value, in inches, for February of given water year. Missing values reported as -9999.00. MAR Measured precipitation value, in inches, for March of given water year. Missing values reported as -9999.00. APR Measured precipitation value, in inches, for April of given water year. Missing values reported as -9999.00. MAY Measured precipitation value, in inches, for May of given water year. Missing values reported as -9999.00. JUN Measured precipitation value, in inches, for June of given water year. Missing values reported as -9999.00. JUL Measured precipitation value, in inches, for July of given water year. Missing values reported as -9999.00. AUG Measured precipitation value, in inches, for August of given water year. Missing values reported as -9999.00. SEP Measured precipitation value, in inches, for September of given water year. Missing values reported as -9999.00. OCT Measured precipitation value, in inches, for October of given water year. Missing values reported as -9999.00. NOV Measured precipitation value, in inches, for November of given water year. Missing values reported as -9999.00. DEC Measured precipitation value, in inches, for December of given water year. Missing values reported as -9999.00. EJAN Estimated precipitation value, in inches, for January of given water year. If measured value for month was available, the estimated value will be -9999.00 EFEB Estimated precipitation value, in inches, for February of given water year. If measured value for month was available, the estimated value will be -9999.00 EMAR Estimated precipitation value, in inches, for March of given water year. If measured value for month was available, the estimated value will be -9999.00 EAPR Estimated precipitation value, in inches, for April of given water year. If measured value for month was available, the estimated value will be -9999.00 EMAY Estimated precipitation value, in inches, for May of given water year. If measured value for month was available, the estimated value will be -9999.00 EJUN Estimated precipitation value, in inches, for June of given water year. If measured value for month was available, the estimated value will be -9999.00 EJUL Estimated precipitation value, in inches, for July of given water year. If measured value for month was available, the estimated value will be -9999.00 EAUG Estimated precipitation value, in inches, for August of given water year. If measured value for month was available, the estimated value will be -9999.00 ESEP Estimated precipitation value, in inches, for September of given water year. If measured value for month was available, the estimated value will be -9999.00 EOCT Estimated precipitation value, in inches, for October of given water year. If measured value for month was available, the estimated value will be -9999.00 ENOV Estimated precipitation value, in inches, for November of given water year. If measured value for month was available, the estimated value will be -9999.00 EDEC Estimated precipitation value, in inches, for December of given water year. If measured value for month was available, the estimated value will be -9999.00 U.S. Geological Survey Ask USGS - Water Webserver Team mailing

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Reston VA 20192 1-888-275-8747 (1-888-ASK-USGS) http://answers.usgs.gov/cgi-bin/gsanswers?pemail=h2oteam&subject=GIS+Dataset+sd_prgages Although this data set has been used by the U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior, no warranty expressed or implied is made by the U.S. Geological Survey as to the accuracy of the data and related materials. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the U.S. Geological Survey in the use of this data, software, or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Export Full coverage zipped 1 http://water.usgs.gov/GIS/dsdl/sd_prgages.e00.gz SDTS Full coverage zipped 1 http://water.usgs.gov/GIS/dsdl/sd_prgages.sdts.tgz Other Full coverage zipped 1 http://water.usgs.gov/GIS/dsdl/sd_prgagesshape.tgz None. This dataset is provided by USGS as a public service. 20041108 U.S. Geological Survey Ask USGS -- Water Webserver Team mailing

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Reston VA 20192 1-888-275-8747 (1-888-ASK-USGS) http://answers.usgs.gov/cgi-bin/gsanswers?pemail=h2oteam&subject=GIS+Dataset+sd_prgages FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998