Larry D. Putnam, U.S. Geological Survey 2001 (Version 1.0, January 31, 2001) Digital map Rapid City, SD, USA U.S. Geological Survey http://water.usgs.gov/lookup/getspatial?sd_lcsens_da Larry D. Putnam 2000 Water Resources Investigations Report WRIR 00-4103 Rapid City, SD, USA U.S. Geological Survey This data set provides information for evaluation of streamflow loss as mechanism of transport of potential contaminants when assessing sensitivity of ground-water to contamination in Lawrence County, SD. This data set is a result of a larger work (WRIR 00-4103 cited above), which includes a paper plate titled: "Map showing sensitivity of ground-water to contamination in Lawrence County, South Dakota." Thirty drainage basins upstream from outcrops of the Minnekahta Limestone, Minnelusa Formation, or Madison Limestone were delineated using digital elevation models (DEM) for the study area and GIS algorithms for the analysis of watersheds. Streamflow loss is an important source of recharge to the Minnekahta, Minnelusa, and Madison aquifers. Precipitation that falls on outcrop areas could transport a contaminant to the water table by direct infiltration, but in many instances the runoff moving to a streamflow-loss zone is a more important mechanism of potential ground-water contamination. Water from streamflow loss in the study area is more likely to enter rapid flowpaths through the unsaturated zone and aquifer media because of solution openings. An additional data set listed in cross-references (sd_lcsens_lz) shows the locations of the streamflow loss zones. An attribute file describes selected characteristics of the drainage basins and includes a site identifier that can be related to the loss_zones. The source data includes digital data that characterizes the geology of the Black Hills area, which has been compiled at 1:100,000 scale and published in 1999 as part of the Black Hills Hydrology Study. USGS digital elevation models were used to describe land-surface altitudes. The drainage area data set has been archived at the USGS Water Resources National Spatial Data Information Node. This data set was created to provide information describing drainage areas above potential streamflow-loss zones to be used conjunctively with a data set that evaluates sensitivity based on direct infiltration of precipitation (see cross-reference to obtain the related digital data set). The intended use of the sensitivity data sets is as a screening tool used in conjunction with other information and analysis. The map is not designed to replace the need for site-specific investigations or to be the sole criterion in making land-use decisions. This electronic report was subjected to the same review standard that applies to all U.S. Geological Survey reports. Reviewers were asked to check the topological consistency, tolerances, attribute frequencies and statistics, projection, and geographic extent. The reviewers checked the metadata for completeness and accuracy. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this Federal Geographic Data Committee-compliant metadata file is intended to document the data set in nonproprietary form, as well as in ARC/INFO format, this metadata file may include some ARC/INFO-specific terminology. Other_References_Cited: Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc., 1992, ARC/INFO users guide-the geographic information system software: Redlands, Calif. [variously paged]. 19990609 The drainage areas are as current as the maps from which the information was derived. The DEM's were compiled from a range of dates specific to each 1:24,000 quadrangle. Precipitation data and the hydrogeologic units map are from 1999 interpretations for the Black Hills Hydrology study. Complete None Planned -104.0596324 -103.44321296 44.48035635 44.13562874 None Contamination Ground water Sensitivity inlandWaters None Lawrence County South Dakota None A limitation that needs to be considered when using the data set is scale. The scale of the map is 1:100,000; therefore, the hydrogeologic information includes numerous generalizations. Modifying or overlaying the map at a scale that is more detailed than the original map may be misleading. These data should not be used at scales larger than 1:100,000 scale. Larry D. Putnam U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologist Mailing and physical address

1608 Mt. View Rd

Rapid City South Dakota 57702 USA 1-888-275-8747 (605) 355-4523 (ldputnam@usgs.gov) Compilation of this data set and the associated metadata was funded in cooperation with Lawrence County, SD and the City of Spearfish, SD. Windows NT Version 4.0 (Build 1381) Service Pack 6; ESRI ArcInfo 8.1.0.415 Larry D. Putnam 2000 Digital map Rapid City, South Dakota, USA U.S. Geological Survey http://water.usgs.gov/lookup/getspatial?sd_lcsens_pol Larry D. Putnam 2000 Digital map Rapid City, South Dakota, USA U.S. Geological Survey http://water.usgs.gov/lookup/getspatial?sd_lcsens_lz Multiple visual checks were done to verify that the attribute data was coincident with the original source map. Polygon topology present-polygons have a label and all polygons are closed. The digital map includes all drainage area polygons as shown on PLATE 1 and 2 in USGS WRIR 00-4103 The physical accuracy of the source maps is unknown. Larry D. Putnam 2000 Paper map Water Resources Investigations Report USGS WRIR 00-4103 Rapid City, South Dakota U.S. Geological Survey 100000 Paper map 2000 This source was published in 2000. None This source provides the drainage area outlines and associated attribute information. Greg Jarrell, John Schleicher 2000 Digital map Open-File Report USGS OFR 00-471 Rapid City, South Dakota U.S. Geological Survey http://water.usgs.gov/lookup/getspatial?ofr00471_hydrogeo 100000 digital 1999 The ninteen references used to create this map range in date from 1909 to 1998. Some field checking was done in selected areas where less detailed source maps were available. None This map was one of the original source for determining the intersection of streams and geologic outcrops to delineate drainage basins. U.S. Geological Survey 19790701 map Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey http://edc.usgs.gov.nsdi/html/dem75/dem75#section7 digital 19790701 Present Range of dates of source material for DEM production DEM This source provided the spatial distribution of land surface elevation for delineating the basins above streamflow-loss zones. Numerous 7.5 minute DEM's were joined together for the Lawrence County area with names corresponding to the 7.5 minute topographic maps. U.S. Geological Survey 19870619 Digital map Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey http://edc.usgs.gov/nsdi/html/dlg100/dlg100 digital 19870619 Present publication date DLG This source provided the hydrography for locating the intersection of the stream drainage with geologic formation outcrops. The quadrangles include 1,100,000-scale Rapid City, SD, 1977, Belle Fourche, SD, 1983, Sundance, WY, 1987, and Devils Tower, WY, 1979. This product is the digital version of the drainage areas on Plate 2 in USGS WRIR 00-4103, which documents the process used in creating the map in detail. Below is a summary of the main process steps used to create the drainage area polygons shown on USGS WRIR 00-4103 Plates 1 and 2. STEP 1: The first step in delineating drainage area polygons was to identify the points on the hydrography coverage where the stream became a potential loss zone. This was accomplished by overlaying the hydrography coverage with the hydrogeologic units coverage to determine where streams cross outcrop areas. STEP 2: The digital elevation models were processed to select groups of grid cells that would drain towards the selected point. The polygons created from these groups represented the drainage area above the potential loss zone. More detail describing the hydrologic modeling process used to delineate these areas is available from Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc., 1992, ARC/INFO users guide-the geographic information system software: Redlands, Calif. 1999 First draft of metadata created by ldputnam using FGDCMETA.AML ver. 1.33 07/15/99 on ARC/INFO data set /home/project/ldp/projects/lawco.vuln/finalcovs/sd_lcsens_da 20010131 Vector Point 30 String 116 GT-polygon composed of chains 31 Point 8 Transverse Mercator 0.999600 -105.000000 500000.000000 0.000000 coordinate pair 0.9856122732162 0.9856122732162 Meters North American Datum of 1927 Clarke 1866 6378206.4 294.98 sd_lcsens_da.aat FID SHAPE FNODE# TNODE# LPOLY# RPOLY# LENGTH SD_LCSENS_DA# SD_LCSENS_DA-ID $ID $FROMNODE $TONODE $LEFTPOLYGON $RIGHTPOLYGON sd_lcsens_da.pat FID SHAPE AREA PERIMETER SD_LCSENS_DA# SD_LCSENS_DA-ID SITENUM NAME LOSST SQMI MEANDISCH SD_LCSENS_DA.PAT: COLUMN ITEM NAME WIDTH OUTPUT TYPE N.DEC ALTERNATE NAME 1 AREA 4 12 F 3 5 PERIMETER 4 12 F 3 9 SD_LCSENS_DA# 4 5 B - 13 SD_LCSENS_DA-ID 4 5 B - 17 SITENUM 2 2 I - SITE NUMBER 19 NAME 65 65 C - 84 LOSST 2 2 C - 86 SQMI 5 5 N 1 91 MEANDISCH 4 4 N 1 PERIMETER -Perimeter of polygon in meters SD_LCSENS_DA# -Internal feature number SD_LCSENS_DA-ID -assigned feature number SITENUM -assigned drainage area site identification number NAME -assigned name of drainage area LOSST -loss-threshold for streamflow loss zone in cubic feet per second SQMI -area of drainage basin in square miles MEANDISCH -estimated mean discharge in cubic feet per second List of SITENUM, NAME, LOSST, SQMI, MEANDISCH and comments relating to the drainage area (--, indicates no data) 1 Sand Creek tributaries -- 0.3 0.1 This small drainage area, part of an igneous dome, is in the very upper part of the Sand Creek Basin that extends into South Dakota and drains west into Wyoming before crossing the outcrops (Minnekahta Limestone, Minnelusa Formation, and Madison Limestone). 2 Bear Gulch 4 5.5 1.4 The predominant rocks exposed in the drainage area are igneous rocks within the Tinton Dome. Streamflow generally is less than the combined loss rate for the outcrops (Minnekahta Limestone, Minnelusa Formation, and Madison Limestone). 3 Beaver Creek 9 8.5 2.2 Characteristics are similar to Bear Gulch. 4 Crow Peak -- 0.5 0.1 This area, an igneous dome, drains mostly towards Crow Creek with some runoff draining towards Higgins Gulch on the east side. Most runoff probably is lost as flow crosses the Madison Limestone and Minnelusa Formation outcrops surrounding the dome. 5 Citadel Rock -- 1.1 0.3 Characteristics are similar to Crow Peak. 6 Spearfish Creek (above power plant diversion) 23 142.1 52.3 Most of the flow is diverted around the loss zone by a dam and an aqueduct to a hydroelectric power plant. The maximum diversion rate is between 115 and 135 cubic feet per second. The average daily flow (water years 1989-97) exceeded 115 cubic feet per second only 7 percent of the days. 7 Rubicon Gulch (Bridal Veil Falls) 21 1.4 0.4 Confluence with Spearfish Creek is located downstream from power diversion; thus, entire flow generally is lost. 8 Spearfish Creek (between diversion and [loss zone]) 21 2.7 1.0 Streamflow records indicate that the combined discharge from this drainage area, Rubicon Gulch, and leakage from the power plant diversion dam averaged about 3 cubic feet per second. 9 Spearfish Peak(Spearfish Creek Tributaries) -- 1.1 0.3 This drainage area is an igneous intrusion in the Madison Limestone and Minnelusa Formation outcrops draining in several directions to the surrounding bedrock. Most runoff probably is lost to the Madison Limestone and Minnelusa Formation outcrops. 10 Burno Gulch -- 2.5 0.9 Some streamflow loss is likely as Burno Gulch crosses approximately 0.75 mi of Madison Limestone outcrop and 1 mi of Minnelusa Formation outcrop before joining False Bottom Creek on the Minnelusa Formation outcrop. 11 False Bottom Creek 15 7.0 2.0 Most of the streamflow is lost to the three bedrock aquifers except during intense runoff events. Estimated loss thresholds are 4 cubic feet per second for the Madison Limestone outcrop, 7.2 cubic feet per second for the Minnelusa Formation outcrop, and about 7 cubic feet per second for the Minnekahta Limestone outcrop. 12 False Bottom Creek tributary -- 0.8 0.3 This area, an igneous intrusion within the Madison Limestone and Minnelusa Formation outcrops, drains towards False Bottom Creek. Some of the streamflow probably is lost to the Madison Limestone and Minnelusa Formation outcrops before joining False bottom Creek. 13 Tetro Creek -- 0.7 0.2 Most of the flow from this area probably is lost as Tetro Creek crosses approximately 2 mi of Madison Limestone and Minnelusa Formation outcrops before joining False Bottom Creek below the Madison Limestone and Minnelusa Formation outcrops. 14 Miller Creek -- 2.7 0.9 Miller Creek and tributary streams originating in this drainage area cross about 1 to 1.5 mi of Madison Limestone and Minnelusa Formation outcrops before joining Polo Creek downstream. 15 Polo Creek -- 3.2 1.0 Polo Creek and tributary streams originating in this drainage area cross some Madison Limestone outcrop and over 1 mi of Minnelusa Formation before joining False Bottom Creek downstream. 16 Slaughter House Gulch -- 0.4 0.1 Most of the streamflow from this area probably is lost as Slaughter House Gulch crosses approximately 1 mi of Madison Limestone outcrop before joining Whitewood Creek. 17 Whitewood Creek 0 46.9 15.5 Significant losses do not occur to the bedrock outcrops along Whitewood Creek. Mine tailings possibly seal the loss zones. 18 Bear Butte Tributaries (Boulder Park) -- 3.5 1.0 This area contains about one-third Minnekahta Limestone, with the remainder predominantly shale units. These tributaries join Bear Butte Creek within the Minnelusa outcrop. Estimated loss thresholds are 4 cubic feet per second for this downstream reach. 19 Boulder Creek -- 2.2 0.6 This area contains about one-third Minnekahta Limestone, with the remainder predominantly shale units. These tributaries join Bear Butte Creek within the Minnelusa outcrop. Estimated loss thresholds are 4 cubic feet per second for this downstream reach. 20 Two Bit Creek -- 6.8 2.0 Two Bit Creek crosses approximately 1.5 mi of Madison Limestone outcrop before joining Boulder Creek 21 Boulder Creek tributaries -- 1.2 0.4 This area of intrusive igneous rocks includes several small drainage channels that cross about 0.5 to 1 mi of mostly Minnelusa Formation outcrop before joining Boulder Creek. 22 Lost Gulch -- 1.5 0.4 Drainage from this area crosses about 2 mi of Madison Limestone and Minnelusa Formation outcrop before joining Bear Butte Creek. 23 Bear Butte Creek 12 15.9 4.4 Average streamflow loss was 4.3 cubic feet per second for water years 1989-97. During this period, the average daily flow exceeded the loss threshold 15 percent of the days. 24 Park Creek -- 3.2 0.8 Drainage from this area crosses about 1.5 mi of Madison Limestone outcrop before joining Bear Butte Creek. 25 Elk Creek (north tributary) -- 1.0 0.3 Parts of this tributary streamflow could be lost to Madison Limestone outcrop before the stream joins Elk Creek above the area of Madison Limestone outcrop crossed by Elk Creek. 26 Elk Creek 19 22.3 6.6 Average streamflow loss was 7.6 cubic feet per second for water years 1991-97. During this period, the average daily flow exceeded the loss threshold 18 percent of the days. 27 Meadow Creek -- 1.9 0.3 Drainage from this area crosses about 0.5 mi of Madison Limestone outcrop before joining Elk Creek within the Madison Limestone outcrop. Most of the sedimentary rock outcrop in the drainage area is Deadwood Formation. 28 Little Elk Creek 3 9.0 1.3 Loss thresholds are 0.7 cubic feet per second for the Madison Limestone outcrop and 2.6 cubic feet per second for the Minnelusa Formation outcrop. Most of the rock outcrop in the drainage area is the Deadwood Formation. 29 Boxeleder Creek 50 90.1 14.6 Average streamflow loss was 12.4 cubic feet per second for the three outcrops for water years 1967-96. During this period, the average daily flow exceeded the loss threshold 7 percent of the days. Over one-half of the total loss threshold is estimated to occur to the Madison Limestone outcrop. 30 Rapid Creek Tributaries 10 61.0 18.0 During water years 1989-97, the flow at station 06412200 (Rapid Creek above Victoria Creek), which is located about 20 mi southeast just above the loss zone, was greater than 10 cubic feet per second 97 percent of the time. The Rapid Creek tributaries in this drainage area represent about 17 percent of the total drainage area above the loss zone. The annual mean flow at station 06412200 is 67.3 cubic feet per second. none U.S. Geological Survey Ask USGS - Water Webserver Team mailing

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Reston VA 20192 1-888-275-8747 (1-888-ASK-USGS) http://answers.usgs.gov/cgi-bin/gsanswers?pemail=h2oteam&subject=GIS+Dataset+sd_lcsens_da Although this data set has been used by the U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior, no warranty expressed or implied is made by the U.S. Geological Survey as to the accuracy of the data and related materials. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the U.S. Geological Survey in the use of this data, software, or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Export Full coverage zipped 1 http://water.usgs.gov/GIS/dsdl/sd_lcsens_da.e00.gz SDTS Full coverage zipped 1 http://water.usgs.gov/GIS/dsdl/sd_lcsens_da_sdts.tar.gz Other Full coverage zipped 1 http://water.usgs.gov/GIS/dsdl/sd_lcsens_da_shape.tar.gz None. This dataset is provided by USGS as a public service. 20041108 U.S. Geological Survey Ask USGS -- Water Webserver Team mailing

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Reston VA 20192 1-888-275-8747 (1-888-ASK-USGS) http://answers.usgs.gov/cgi-bin/gsanswers?pemail=h2oteam&subject=GIS+Dataset+sd_lcsens_da FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998