Faunt, Claudia C. 2012 vector digital data Reston, Virginia U.S. Geological Survey http://water.usgs.gov/lookup/getspatial?pp1766_SUB Faunt, Claudia C. (editor) 2009 Professional Paper 1766 Reston, Virginia U.S. Geological Survey 3 chapters, 1 appendix This digital dataset defines the SUB package arrays for the model grid, critical head, thickness of fine-grained deposits, and skeletal-elastic-storage used in the transient hydrologic model of the Central Valley flow system. The Central Valley encompasses an approximate 50,000 square-kilometer region of California. The complex hydrologic system of the Central Valley is simulated using the USGS numerical modeling code MODFLOW-FMP (Schmid 2006b). This simulation is referred to here as the Central Valley Hydrologic Model (CVHM) (Faunt, 2009). Utilizing MODFLOW-FMP, the CVHM simulates groundwater- and surface-water flow, irrigated agriculture, land subsidence, and other key processes in the Central Valley on a monthly basis from 1961-2003. The total active modeled area is 20,334 square-miles on a finite-difference grid comprising 441 rows and 98 columns. Slightly less than 50 percent of the cells are active. The CVHM model grid has a uniform horizontal discretization of 1x1 square mile and is oriented parallel to the valley axis, 34 degrees west of north (Faunt, 2009). Both the elastic and inelastic components of skeletal specific storage (Ssf) were simulated with the SUB package. The elastic and inelastic skeletal storage coefficients were calculated as the product of the estimated elastic- and inelastic-specific storage values for coarse- and fine-grained materials and the aggregate thicknesses of those materials in each cell. The elastic skeletal storage coefficient of the coarse-grained deposits was estimated from the product of the aggregate thickness of coarse-grained deposits and the difference between estimated elastic-specific storage and the specific storage representing the compressibility of water (Hanson, 1988; Faunt, 2009). Critical head is another parameter used by the SUB package that strongly affects storage changes, particularly the timing of those changes. Critical head is the equivalent head at which effective or intergranular stress is equal to the pre-consolidation stress (Faunt, 2009). The equivalent critical head, or preconsolidation stress, represents the threshold stress that determines whether changes in stress deform the granular skeleton elastically or inelastically. For head changes (whether positive or negative) in the range of heads greater than the critical head, the skeleton deforms elastically. For head changes in the range of heads less than the critical head, the mode of skeletal deformation depends on the sense of the head change--a positive change (head increase) causes elastic deformation, and a negative change (head decrease) causes inelastic deformation and re-establishes a new critical head. In the upper three model layers, specified initial critical-head values were equal to the water levels estimated for the spring of 1961 (starting head values used in CVHM). In the lower seven model layers, the initial critical heads initially were derived from those estimated by Williamson and others (1989). These heads are approximate and were interpolated from the minimum historical head values simulated in the CV-RASA model. In the final calibration, specified initial critical heads were equal to the head simulated in CVHM in September 1961. These values approximate the minimum historical head value in 1961 (Faunt, 2009).The CVHM is the most recent regional-scale model of the Central Valley developed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). The CVHM was developed as part of the USGS Groundwater Resources Program (see "Foreword", Chapter A, page iii, for details). The critical head, thickness of fine-grained deposit, and skeletal elastic storage arrays are used as input to the SUB package of MODFLOW-FMP, the USGS 3-dimensional finite-difference code used to simulate flow in the CVHM. The one-square-mile cells were used to define the resolution and extent of the CVHM. In the flow simulation, the SUB package values are used to define the elastic and inelastic storage properties for the CVHM and calculate the amount of subsidence. The CVHM is a tool that accounts for integrated, variable water supply and demand, and simulates surface-water and groundwater-flow across the entire Central Valley system. The CVHM SUB package dataset is one of many layers in a geospatial database supporting the USGS Central Valley Groundwater Availability Project. Regional groundwater availability studies quantify current groundwater resources, evaluate how those resources have changed through time, and provide tools that decision makers can use to predict system responses to future development and climate variability and change. To provide information to stakeholders addressing these issues, the USGS made a detailed assessment of groundwater availability of the Central Valley aquifer system, which includes: (1) the present status of groundwater resources; (2) characterization of how these resources have changed over time; and (3) tools to assess system responses to stresses from future human uses and climate variability and change. This effort builds on previous investigations, such as the USGS Central Valley Regional Aquifer System and Analysis (CV-RASA) project and several other groundwater studies in the Valley completed by Federal, State and local agencies at various scales. Data from these previous studies were the foundation of the Central Valley geospatial database. These and other data were reexamined through a series of regional-scale hydrologic investigations to provide updated and spatially consistent interpretations for the Central Valley Groundwater Availability study. In some cases, new data were collected to augment existing information. Data compiled from the studies include geology (in particular, borehole lithology and the extent and thickness of the Corcoran Clay Member of the Tulare Formation), topography, remote sensing, climate (precipitation and temperature), geophysics, vegetation and land use, vegetation properties, hydrology (stream network and flows), groundwater levels, subsidence, chemistry, and soils. Digital elevation models, geologic maps, borehole information, cross sections, and other 3-dimensional models were used to develop the texture model which represents the properties and geometry of the Central Valley alluvial deposits. The resulting geospatial database supports characterization and conceptualization of the Central Valley hydrologic system between 1961 and 2003, construction of 3-dimensional hydrogeologic framework and hydrologic flow models, and visualization of analysis and model results. 2009 publication date Complete None planned -123.831528 -117.916328 40.748631 34.519871 ISO 19115 Topic Category inlandWaters geoscientificinformation American Geological Institute Glossary of Geology (http://glossary.agiweb.org/dbtw-wpd/glossary/search.aspx) hydrology hydrogeology model groundwater storage subsidence deposit none Central Valley Aquifer Groundwater Availability of the Central Valley Aquifer CV-RASA Central Valley Hydrologic Model Flow Model CVHM Texture model U.S. Board of Geographic Names (BGN) and Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) California Central Valley Trinity County Shasta County Tehama County Humboldt County Butte County Mendocino County Glenn County Yuba County Lake County Nevada County Colusa County Sutter County Placer County El Dorado County Yolo County Sonoma County Napa County Sacramento County Amador County Solano County Calaveras County Tuolumne County San Joaquin County Contra Costa County Stanislaus County Alameda County Mariposa County Madera County Merced County Fresno County Santa Clara County San Benito County Monterey County Tulare County Kings County Kern County San Luis Obispo County Santa Barbara County Ventura County Sacramento Valley San Joaquin Valley Central Valley, California None. Data have been checked to ensure the accuracy of the data. If any errors are detected, please notify the originating office. The U.S. Geological Survey strongly recommends that careful attention be paid to the metadata file associated with these data. The U.S. Geological Survey shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and (or) contained herein. Acknowledgement of the U.S. Geological Survey would be appreciated in products derived from these data. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this Federal Geographic Data Committee-compliant metadata file is intended to document the dataset in nonproprietary form, as well as in ArcGIS format, this metadata file may include some ArcGIS-specific terminology. Claudia C. Faunt U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologist mailing and physical address

California Water Science Center

San Diego Projects Office

4165 Spruance Road, Suite 200

San Diego California 92101 USA (619) 225-6142 (619) 225-6101 ccfaunt@usgs.gov http://water.usgs.gov/GIS/browse/pp1766_SUB.png Illlustration of data set png Spatial datasets supporting the Central Valley Groundwater Availability project were developed primarily by the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Groundwater Resources Program. This program is conducting large-scale multidisciplinary regional studies of groundwater availability. The U.S. Bureau of Reclamation is supporting the updating of the Central Valley datasets and their documentation and release. Microsoft Windows XP Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 3; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.3.1.3500 Schmid, Wolfgang Hanson, R. T. Maddock, Thomas, III Leake, S. A. 2006b USGS Numbered Series 6-A17 Sacramento, CA USGS California Water Science Center http://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/2006/tm6A17/ Hanson, R.T. 1988 Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4172 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey http://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4172/report.pdf Williamson, A. K. Prudic, D. E. Swain, L. A. 1989 Professional Paper 1401-D Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1401d/report.pdf Riley, F.S. 1969 Publication 89, Volume 2 Tokyo, Japan International Association of Hydrological Sciences http://iahs.info/redbooks/a088/088047.pdf Riley, Francis S. 1984 Publication 151 Venice, Italy International Association of Hydrological Sciences Helm, D.C. 1974 Berkeley, CA University of California Helm, D.C. 1975 WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH VOL. 11, NO. 3 Washington, D.C. American Geophysical Union http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/1975/WR011i003p00465.shtml Helm, D.C. 1976 WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH VOL. 12, NO. 3 Washington, D.C. American Geophysical Union http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/1976/WR012i003p00375.shtml Helm, D.C. 1977 Proceedings Publication 121 Anaheim, CA Internatinoal Association of Hydrological Sciences Publication Ireland, R.L. Poland, J.F. Riley, F.S. 1984 Professional Paper 437-I Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0437i/report.pdf Attributes added by the GIS and the data-set author were checked by inspection using a GIS. In addition, attributes were checked and evaluated as part of the review process associated with the publication of the source report. The one-square-mile cells were used to define the resolution and extent of the CVHM. There are no overlapping or duplicate grid cells. The polygon features in this dataset are computer-generated and represent the model grid and model layers of the Central Valley Hydrologic Model. The dataset is complete and is not anticipated to change. Horizontal positional accuracy of line features in the dataset was tested by visually comparing to digital maps in the region by using a GIS system. Faunt, C. C. Hanson, R.T. Belitz, K. Schmid, W. Predmore, S.P. Rewis, D.L. McPherson, K. 2009 document U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 2009-1766 Reston, Virginia U.S. Geological Survey http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1766/PP_1766.pdf 500000 online 2009 publication date Faunt and others (2009) See Professional Paper 1766 - Groundwater Availability of the Central Valley Aquifer, California. Faunt, Claudia C. Belitz, Kenneth Hanson, Randall T. 2010 Hydrogeology Journal Volume 18, Number 3 (2010) Berlin, Germany & Heidelberg, Germany Springer-Verlag http://www.springerlink.com/content/5q5736403v144648/ online 2010 publication date Faunt and others (2010) course- and fine-grained texture analysis Williamson, A. K. Prudic, D. E. Swain, L. A. 1989 Professional Paper 1401-D Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1401d/report.pdf computer program 2009 publication date Williamson and others (1989) Central Valley Regional Aquifer System Analysis (CV-RASA) model A GIS was used to develop a polygon file representing the flow-model grid layers. Reported values for aquifer-specific storage determined from selected aquifer tests typically range from 1x10-7 to 2x10-7 per foot (Riley, 1969, 1984; Helm, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977). The average aquifer specific storage is reported to be 8.6x10-8 per foot for the San Joaquin Valley (Ireland and others, 1984). An initial elastic skeletal specific storage for aquifers of 1.0x10-6 per foot was specified in the model, based on reported values for coarse, alluvial sediments from the Central Valley and Arizona (Ireland and others, 1984; Hanson, 1988). The aquifer elastic skeletal-storage coefficient was estimated as the product of the aquifer skeletal-specific storage and the aggregate cell-by-cell thickness of the coarse-grained deposits for each layer. An initial elastic skeletal-specific storage for fine-grained units of 4.5x10-6 per foot was specified initially in the model. This value is based on reported values for alluvial sediments from the Central Valley and Arizona (Ireland and others, 1984; Hanson, 1988, Faunt and others, 2009). An inelastic, skeletal-specific storage of 1.37x10-4 per foot was estimated. This value is consistent with the low end of the range of values determined from the analysis of extensometer and piezometer data of 1.4x10-4 per foot (Riley, 1969; Helm, 1977; Ireland and others, 1984). The inelastic skeletal storage coefficient was estimated as the product of the inelastic specific storage and the aggregate cell-by-cell thickness of the fine-grained deposits for each layer? (Faunt and others, 2009). (Riley, 1969, 1984; Helm, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977), (Ireland and others, 1984), (Ireland and others, 1984; Hanson, 1988) 20090420 10482600 Faunt, C.C. USGS Hydrologist mailing and physical address

4165 Spruance Road, Suite 200

San Diego CA 92101 USA (619) 225-6142 ccfaunt@usgs.gov Metadata imported. C:\DOCUME~1\shouse\LOCALS~1\Temp\xml92.tmp 20120522 12202900 Vector G-polygon 43218 Albers Conical Equal Area 29.500000 45.500000 -120.000000 23.000000 0.000000 0.000000 coordinate pair 1609 1609 meters North American Datum of 1983 Geodetic Reference System 80 6378137.000000 298.257222 North American Vertical Datum of 1988 0.000010 feet Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates SUB Subsidence (SUB) - Simulates aquifer-system compaction and land subsidence dataset Originator FID Internal feature number. ESRI Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. OBJECTID Internal feature number. ESRI Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Shape Feature geometry. ESRI Coordinates defining the features. CELLNUM Hydrologic model grid cell number, beginning in northwest (upper left) and wrapping west to east (left to right) and south (down). dataset Originator 1 43218 Integer ROW Hydrologic model grid row number, starting in the north and increasing to the south dataset Originator 1 441 Integer COLUMN_ Hydrologic model grid column number, starting on westside and increasing to the east. dataset Originator 1 98 Integer crt_hd_01 critical heads in layer 1 dataset Originator -6.4 191.8 feet .000001 -9999 no data dataset Originator SKE_L1C skeletal elastic storage (Ssfe) coefficient for layer 1 ((Ssfe_coarse*Coarse_thickness) + (Ssfe_fine*Fine_thickness)) dataset Originator .000029 .00066 .000001 0 Outside of active model boundary dataset Originator FIN_THK_1 thickness of fine grained deposits in layer 1 dataset Originator 1.4668 44.133499 0 Outside of active model dataset Originator crt_hd_02 critical heads in layer 1 dataset Originator -6.8 191.5 feet .000001 -9999 no data dataset Originator SKE_L2C skeletal elastic storage (Ssfe) coefficient for layer 2 ((Ssfe_coarse*Coarse_thickness) + (Ssfe_fine*Fine_thickness)) dataset Originator .000029 .00045 .000001 0 Outside of active model boundary dataset Originator FIN_THK_2 thickness of fine grained deposits in layer 1 dataset Originator .001 30.4785 0 Outside of active model dataset Originator crt_hd_03 critical heads in layer 1 dataset Originator -18.4 265.2 feet .000001 -9999 no data dataset Originator SKE_L3 skeletal elastic storage (Ssfe) coefficient for layer 3 ((Ssfe_coarse*Coarse_thickness) + (Ssfe_fine*Fine_thickness)) dataset Originator .000029 .002794 .000001 0 Outside of active model boundary dataset Originator FIN_THK_3 thickness of fine grained deposits in layer 1 dataset Originator .730355 186.035 0 Outside of active model dataset Originator crt_hd_04 critical heads in layer 4 dataset Originator -104.2 220.8 feet .000001 -9999 no data dataset Originator SKE_L4 skeletal elastic storage (Ssfe) coefficient for layer 4 ((Ssfe_coarse*Coarse_thickness) + (Ssfe_fine*Fine_thickness)) dataset Originator .00001 .017723 .000001 0 Outside of active model boundary dataset Originator FIN_THK_4 thickness of fine grained deposits in layer 1 dataset Originator .000052 15.2393 0 Outside of active model dataset Originator crt_hd_05 critical heads in layer 5 dataset Originator -185.1 220.8 feet .000001 -9999 no data dataset Originator SKE_L5 skeletal elastic storage (Ssfe) coefficient for layer 5 ((Ssfe_coarse*Coarse_thickness) + (Ssfe_fine*Fine_thickness)) dataset Originator .00001 .02235 .000001 0 Outside of active model boundary dataset Originator FIN_THK_5 thickness of fine grained deposits in layer 1 dataset Originator 1.4668 38.054699 0 Outside of active model dataset Originator crt_hd_06 critical heads in layer 6 dataset Originator -259.9 209.5 feet .000001 -9999 no data dataset Originator SKE_L6 skeletal elastic storage (Ssfe) coefficient for layer 6 ((Ssfe_coarse*Coarse_thickness) + (Ssfe_fine*Fine_thickness)) dataset Originator .000304 .000837 .000001 0 Outside of active model boundary dataset Originator FIN_THK_6 thickness of fine grained deposits in layer 1 dataset Originator 9.24221 55.619202 0 Outside of active model dataset Originator crt_hd_07 critical heads in layer 7 dataset Originator -254.0 197.0 feet .000001 -9999 no data dataset Originator SKE_L7 skeletal elastic storage (Ssfe) coefficient for layer 7 ((Ssfe_coarse*Coarse_thickness) + (Ssfe_fine*Fine_thickness)) dataset Originator .000413 .001051 .000001 0 Outside of active model boundary dataset Originator FIN_THK_7 thickness of fine grained deposits in layer 1 dataset Originator 14.1923 69.736397 0 Outside of active model dataset Originator crt_hd_08 critical heads in layer 8 dataset Originator -253.2 184.5 feet .000001 -9999 no data dataset Originator SKE_L8 skeletal elastic storage (Ssfe) coefficient for layer 8 ((Ssfe_coarse*Coarse_thickness) + (Ssfe_fine*Fine_thickness)) dataset Originator .000509 .001277 .000001 0 Outside of active model boundary dataset Originator FIN_THK_8 thickness of fine grained deposits in layer 1 dataset Originator 18.2201 85.051804 0 Outside of active model dataset Originator crt_hd_09 critical heads in layer 9 dataset Originator -262.9 175.6 feet .000001 -9999 no data dataset Originator SKE_L9 skeletal elastic storage (Ssfe) coefficient for layer 9 ((Ssfe_coarse*Coarse_thickness) + (Ssfe_fine*Fine_thickness)) dataset Originator .000581 .001429 .000001 0 Outside of active model boundary dataset Originator FIN_THK_9 thickness of fine grained deposits in layer 1 dataset Originator 20.1311 93.933296 0 Outside of active model dataset Originator crt_hd_10 critical heads in layer 10 dataset Originator -169.1 171.8 feet .000001 -9999 no data dataset Originator SKE_L10 skeletal elastic storage (Ssfe) coefficient for layer 10 ((Ssfe_coarse*Coarse_thickness) + (Ssfe_fine*Fine_thickness)) dataset Originator .000649 .001674 .000001 0 Outside of active model boundary dataset Originator FIN_THK_10 thickness of fine grained deposits in layer 10 dataset Originator 21.697701 110.937 0 Outside of active model dataset Originator Each model grid polygon feature has 36 attributes. Three attributes are automatically generated by the GIS (FID, OBJECTID, Shape) for internal software purposes. Three additional attributes were assigned by the author (Citation Originator) to assign grid cells a specific cell number (CELLNUM) as well as a specific row (ROW) and column (COLUMN) location. This was used as a basis for analysis and for developing input files for the CVHM. The remaining 30 attribute fields represent critical heads (crt_hd_01 etc.), skeletal elastic storage coeficient (SKE_L1C etc.), or thickness of fine grained deposits (FIN_THK_1 etc.) for each of the 10 model layers. none U.S. Geological Survey Ask USGS -- Water Webserver Team mailing address

445 National Center

Reston VA 20192 USA 1-888-275-8747 (1-888-ASK-USGS) http://water.usgs.gov/user_feedback_form.html Downloadable Data Digital geospatial datasets for the numerical model of the hydrogeologic landscape and groundwater flow in California's Central Valley. Although these data have been used by the U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior, no warranty expressed or implied is made by the U.S. Geological Survey as to the accuracy of the data. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the U.S. Geological Survey in the use of these data, software, or related materials. The use of firm, trade, or brand names in this report is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey. The names mentioned in this document may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective trademark owners. SHP ESRI Shapefile upzip 5.605 http://water.usgs.gov/GIS/dsdl/pp1766_SUB.zip None. This dataset is provided by the USGS as a public service. 2011 20120824 U.S. Geological Survey Ask USGS -- Water Webserver Team mailing address

455 National Center

Reston VA 20192 USA 1-888-275-8747 (1-888-ASK-USGS) http://answers.usgs.gov/cgi-bin/gsanswers?pemail=h2oteam&subject=GIS+Datase+pp1766_SUB FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998