Faunt, Claudia C. 2012 vector digital data Reston, Virginia U.S. Geological Survey http://water.usgs.gov/lookup/getspatial?pp1766_MULT Faunt, Claudia C. (editor) 2009 Professional Paper 1766 Reston, Virginia U.S. Geological Survey 3 chapters, 1 appendix http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1766/PP_1766.pdf This digital dataset defines the model-grid and hydraulic-property data arrays of the Multiplier (MULT) Package used in the transient hydrologic model of the Central Valley flow system. The MULT package defines multiplier arrays for calculation of model-layer characteristics from parameter values. The Central Valley encompasses an approximate 50,000 square-kilometer region of California. The complex hydrologic system of the Central Valley is simulated using the USGS numerical modeling code, MODFLOW-FMP (Schmid and others, 2006). This simulation is referred to here as the Central Valley Hydrologic Model (CVHM) (Faunt, 2009). Utilizing MODFLOW-FMP, the CVHM simulates groundwater and surface-water flow, irrigated agriculture, land subsidence, and other key processes in the Central Valley on a monthly basis from 1961-2003. The total active modeled area is 20,334 square-miles on a finite-difference grid comprising 441 rows and 98 columns. Slightly less than 50 percent of the cells are active. It has a uniform horizontal discretization of 1x1 square mile and is oriented parallel to the valley axis, 34 degrees west of north (Faunt, 2009). The MULT Package includes the percentage of coarse-grained deposits in each of the 10 model layers, specific yield, and the altitudes of the tops of model layers 1-4. In order to better characterize the aquifer-system deposits, lithologic data from approximately 8,500 drillers' logs of boreholes ranging in depth from 12 to 3,000 feet below land surface were compiled and analyzed. The percentage of coarse-grained sediment, or texture, then was computed for each 50-foot depth interval of the drillers' logs. A 3-dimensional texture model was developed by interpolating the percentage of coarse-grained deposits onto a 1-mile spatial grid at 50-foot depth intervals from land surface to 2,800 feet below land surface. The specific yield data were extrapolated from the percentage of coarse-grained deposits in model layer 1. The CVHM is the most recent regional-scale model of the Central Valley developed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). The CVHM was developed as part of the USGS Groundwater Resources Program (see "Foreword", Chapter A, page iii, for details). The percentage of coarse-grained deposits in each of the 10 model layers, and specific yield and the altitudes of the tops of model layers 1-4 are used as input to the MULT package of MODFLOW-FMP, the USGS 3-dimensional finite-difference code used to simulate flow in the CVHM. The one-square-mile cells were used to define the resolution and extent of the CVHM. In the flow simulation, the MULT package values are used to define the hydraulic properties for the CVHM. The CVHM is a tool that accounts for integrated, variable water supply and demand, and simulates surface-water- and groundwater-flow across the entire Central Valley system. The CVHM MULT package dataset is one of many layers in a geospatial database supporting the USGS Central Valley Groundwater Availability Project. Regional groundwater availability studies quantify current groundwater resources, evaluate how those resources have changed through time, and provide tools that decision makers can use to predict system responses to future development and climate variability and change. To provide information to stakeholders addressing these issues, the USGS made a detailed assessment of groundwater availability of the Central Valley aquifer system, which includes: (1) the present status of groundwater resources; (2) characterization of how these resources have changed over time; and (3) tools to assess system responses to stresses from future human uses and climate variability and change. This effort builds on previous investigations, such as the USGS Central Valley Regional Aquifer System and Analysis (CV-RASA) project and several other groundwater studies in the Valley completed by Federal, State and local agencies at various scales. Data from these previous studies were the foundation of the Central Valley geospatial database. These and other data were re-examined through a series of regional-scale hydrologic investigations to provide updated and spatially consistent interpretations for the Central Valley Groundwater Availability study. In some cases, new data were collected to augment existing information. Data compiled from the studies include geology (in particular, borehole lithology and the extent and thickness of the Corcoran Clay Member of the Tulare Formation), topography, remote sensing, climate (precipitation and temperature), geophysics, vegetation and land use, vegetation properties, hydrology (stream network and flows), groundwater levels, subsidence, chemistry, and soils. Digital elevation models, geologic maps, borehole information, cross sections, and other 3-dimensional models were used to develop the texture model which represents the properties and geometry of the Central Valley alluvial deposits. The resulting geospatial database supports characterization and conceptualization of the Central Valley hydrologic system between 1961 and 2003, construction of 3-dimensional hydrogeologic framework and hydrologic flow models, and visualization of analysis and model results. 2009 unknown publication date Complete None planned -123.831528 -117.916328 40.748631 34.519871 ISO 19115 Topic Category inlandWaters geoscientificinformation none Central Valley Aquifer Groundwater Availability of the Central Valley Aquifer Central Valley Hydrologic Model Flow Model CVHM CV-RASA Texture Model American Geological Institute Glossary of Geology (http://glossary.agiweb.org/dbtw-wpd/glossary/search.aspx) hydrogeology hydrology groundwater model hydraulic head U.S. Board of Geographic Names (BGN) and Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Central Valley, California San Joaquin Valley Sacramento Valley Ventura County Santa Barbara County San Luis Obispo County Kern County Kings County Tulare County Monterey County San Benito County Santa Clara County Fresno County Merced County Madera County Mariposa County Alameda County Stanislaus County Contra Costa County San Joaquin County Tuolumne County Calaveras County Solano County Amador County Sacramento County Napa County Sonoma County Yolo County El Dorado County Placer County Sutter County Colusa County Nevada County Lake County Yuba County Glenn County Mendocino County Butte County Humboldt County Tehama County Shasta County Trinity County Central Valley California None. Data have been checked to ensure the accuracy of the data. If any errors are detected, please notify the originating office. The U.S. Geological Survey strongly recommends that careful attention be paid to the metadata file associated with these data. The U.S. Geological Survey shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and (or) contained herein. Acknowledgement of the U.S. Geological Survey would be appreciated in products derived from these data. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this Federal Geographic Data Committee-compliant metadata file is intended to document the dataset in nonproprietary form, as well as in ArcGIS format, this metadata file may include some ArcGIS-specific terminology. Claudia C. Faunt U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologist mailing and physical address

California Water Science Center

San Diego Projects Office

4165 Spruance Road, Suite 200

San Diego California 92101 USA (619) 225-6142 (619) 225-6101 ccfaunt@usgs.gov http://water.usgs.gov/GIS/browse/pp1766_MULT.png Illlustration of data set png Spatial datasets supporting the Central Valley Groundwater Availability project were developed primarily by the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Groundwater Resources Program. This program is conducting large-scale multidisciplinary regional studies of groundwater availability. The U.S. Bureau of Reclamation is supporting the updating of the Central Valley datasets and their documentation and release. Microsoft Windows XP Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 3; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.3.1.3500 Belitz, Kenneth Phillips, Steven P. Gronberg, Jo Ann M. 1993 Water Supply Paper 2396 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey http://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2396/report.pdf C. Brush 2006 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey Harbaugh, Arlen W. Banta, Edward R. Hill, Mary C. McDonald, Michael G. 2000 Open-File Report 2000-92 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey http://water.usgs.gov/nrp/gwsoftware/modflow2000/ofr00-92.pdf Schmid, Wolfgang Hanson, R. T. Maddock, Thomas, III Leake, S. A. 2006 Techniques and Methods 6-A17 Sacramento, CA USGS California Water Science Center http://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/2006/tm6A17/ Attributes added by the GIS and the data-set author were checked by inspection using a GIS. In addition, attributes were checked and evaluated as part of the review process associated with the publication of the source report. Lines forming polygons join at endpoints to completely enclose defined areas. Lines not enclosing areas do not intersect. No duplicate line features exist and all nodes are represented by a single coordinate pair which indicates the beginning or end of a line. All vertices that define the shape of the line are represented by a unique coordinate pair. The polygon features in this dataset are computer-generated and represent the model grid and model layers of the Central Valley Hydrologic Model. The dataset is complete and is not anticipated to change. Horizontal positional accuracy of line features in the dataset was tested by visually comparing to digital maps in the region by using a GIS system. Faunt, C. C. Hanson, R.T. Belitz, K. Schmid, W. Predmore, S.P. Rewis, D.L. McPherson, K. 2009 document U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 2009-1766 Reston, Virginia U.S. Geological Survey http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1766/PP_1766.pdf Faunt, C.C. 2009 U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 2009-1766 Reston, Virginia U.S. Geological Survey 500000 online 2009 publication date Faunt and others (2009) See Professional Paper 1766 - Groundwater Availability of the Central Valley Aquifer, California. Williamson, A. K. Prudic, D. E. Swain, L. A. 1989 Professional Paper 1401-D Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1401d/report.pdf online 2009 publication date Williamson and others (1989) specific yield California Department of Water Resources 2009 document Sacramento, CA California Department of Water Resources online 2009 publication date CA DWR (2009) percentage of coarse-grained deposits A GIS was used to develop a polygon file representing the flow-model grid layers. The MULT package was modified to include exponentiation as an additional binary operator that could be performed on scalars or arrays, as specified in the MULT package input. The ability to perform exponentiation facilitates the expression of power functions for calculating vertical hydraulic conductivities. The distribution of vertical hydraulic conductivity now can uniformly grade between the harmonic and geometric mean by the specification of the power function to multiplier arrays that are based on sedimentary textural data estimated on a cell-by-cell basis (Faunt and others, 2009). This approach first was recognized by Belitz and others (1993) and then implemented externally in the development of the revised groundwater-flow model for the central part of the western San Joaquin Valley within the Central Valley (C. Brush, U.S. Geological Survey, written commun., 2006). With this modification, the estimation of power functions of hydraulic conductivity distributions can be performed internally with MODLFLOW-2000 (MF2K). This resulted in modification of the subroutine GLO1BAS6RP. The exponentiation imposes absolute value on the operand; therefore, the operand must be greater or equal to zero. The exponentiation operator can be positive, negative, or zero. To use exponentiation in the MULT package, the user simply uses the caret symbol as a binary operator similar to the other binary operators provided by the MULT package--addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division (Harbaugh and others, 2000). The MULT package does not restrict the number of binary operations specified by the user. The specified operations are performed in order from left to right. If exponentiation needs to occur prior to other mathematical operations, the user should make this binary operation a separate input command prior to other mathematical operations (Faunt and others, 2009). http://ca.water.usgs.gov/projects/cvhm/datasets/MULT.zip 20090427 15502600 Faunt and others (2009) Faunt, C.C. USGS Hydrologist mailing and physical address

4165 Spruance Road, Suite 200

San Diego CA 92101 USA (619) 225-6142 ccfaunt@usgs.gov Central Valley, comprised of the Sacramento Valley on the north and the San Joaquin Valley on the south, located in the state of California. Vector G-polygon 43218 Albers Conical Equal Area 29.500000 45.500000 -120.000000 23.000000 0.000000 0.000000 coordinate pair 1609 1609 meters North American Datum of 1983 Geodetic Reference System 80 6378137.000000 298.257222 North American Vertical Datum of 1988 0.000010 feet Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates MULT Multiplier Package (MULT) - Defines multiplier arrays for calculation of model-layer characteristics from parameter values http://water.usgs.gov/nrp/gwsoftware/modflow2000/MFDOC/index.html?mult.htm FID Internal feature number. ESRI Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Shape Feature geometry. ESRI Coordinates defining the features. OBJECTID Internal feature number. ESRI Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. CELLNUM Hydrologic model grid cell number, beginning in northwest (upper left) and wrapping west to east (left to right) and south (down). dataset originator 1 43218 Integer ROW Hydrologic model grid row number, starting in the north and increasing to the south dataset originator 1 441 Integer COLUMN_ Hydrologic model grid column number, starting on westside and increasing to the east. dataset originator 1 98 Integer SY Specific Yield Williamson and others (1989) 0 30 percentage .0001 pc_mn_l1 Percentage of coarse grained deposits layer 1 dataset originator 5 92.620003 percentage .00001 -9999 Outside of active model dataset originator pc_mn_l2 Percentage of coarse grained deposits layer 2 dataset originator 5 95.050003 percentage .00001 -9999 Outside of active model boundary dataset originator pc_mn_l3 Percentage of coarse grained deposits layer 3 dataset originator 5 92.980003 percentage .00001 -9999 Outside of active model boundary dataset originator pc_mn_l4 Percentage of coarse grained deposits layer 4 dataset originator 2.5 100 percentage .00001 -9999 Outside of active model boundary dataset originator pc_mn_l5 Percentage of coarse grained deposits layer 5 dataset originator 2.5 100 percentage .00001 -9999 Outside of active model boundary dataset originator pc_mn_l6 Percentage of coarse grained deposits layer 6 dataset originator 7.835 100 percentage .0001 pc_mn_l7 Percentage of coarse grained deposits layer 7 dataset originator 8.478 100 percentage .0001 pc_mn_l8 Percentage of coarse grained deposits layer 8 dataset originator 6.98167 100 percentage .00001 pc_mn_l9 Percentage of coarse grained deposits layer 9 dataset originator 11.9443 100 percentage .0001 pc_mn_l10 Percentage of coarse grained deposits layer 10 dataset originator 9.00375 100 percentage .00001 cvr2lay1 Altitude of top of model layer 1 dataset originator 0 2551 Feet 1 cvr2lay2 Altitude of top of model layer 2 dataset originator -132.595 3404.98 Feet .00001 cvr2lay3 Altitude of top of model layer 3 dataset originator -166.405 3403.98 Feet .0001 cvr2lay4 Altitude of top of model layer 4 dataset originator -703.922 3253.98 Feet .0001 Specific yield, the percentage of coarse grain deposits in each layer and the altitudes to the top of each model layer. none. U.S. Geological Survey Ask USGS -- Water Webserver Team mailing address

445 National Center

Reston VA 20192 USA 1-888-275-8747 (1-888-ASK-USGS) http://water.usgs.gov/user_feedback_form.html Downloadable Data Digital geospatial datasets for the numerical model of the hydrogeologic landscape and groundwater flow in California's Central Valley. Although these data have been used by the U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior, no warranty expressed or implied is made by the U.S. Geological Survey as to the accuracy of the data. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the U.S. Geological Survey in the use of these data, software, or related materials. The use of firm, trade, or brand names in this report is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey. The names mentioned in this document may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective trademark owners. SHP ESRI Shapefile unzip 5.605 http://water.usgs.gov/GIS/dsdl/pp1766_MULT.zip None. This dataset is provided by the USGS as a public service. 2011 20120824 U.S. Geological Survey Ask USGS -- Water Webserver Team mailing address

445 National Center

Reston VA 20192 USA 1-888-275-8747 (1-888-ASK-USGS) http://answers.usgs.gov/cgi-bin/gsanswers?pemail=h2oteam&subject=GIS+Datase+pp1766_MULT FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998