Faunt, Claudia C. 2012 vector digital data Reston, Virginia U.S. Geological Survey http://water.usgs.gov/lookup/getspatial?pp1766_FMP Faunt, Claudia C. (editor) 2009 Professional Paper 1766 Reston, Virginia U.S. Geological Survey 3 chapters, 1 appendix http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1766/PP_1766.pdf This digital dataset defines the model grid, water-balance subregions (WBSs), soil types, and virtual crops for the five land-use time-frames in the transient hydrologic model of the Central Valley flow system. The Central Valley encompasses an approximate 50,000 square-kilometer region of California. The complex hydrologic system of the Central Valley is simulated using the USGS numerical modeling code MODFLOW-FMP (Schmid and others, 2006a, b). This simulation is referred to here as the Central Valley Hydrologic Model (CVHM) (Faunt, 2009). Utilizing MODFLOW-FMP, the CVHM simulates groundwater- and surface-water flow, irrigated agriculture, land subsidence, and other key processes in the Central Valley on a monthly basis from 1961-2003. The total active modeled area is 20,334 square-miles on a finite-difference grid comprising 441 rows and 98 columns. Slightly less than 50 percent of the cells are active. The CVHM grid has a uniform horizontal discretization of 1x1 square mile and is oriented parallel to the valley axis, 34 degrees west of north (Faunt, 2009). The 21 WBSs initially were identified by the California Department of Water Resources (CA-DWR) and Bureau of Reclamation (BOR) as numbered "Depletion Study Areas" (California Department of Water Resources, 1977). The WBSs are used as accounting units for surface-water delivery and for estimation of groundwater pumpage. The boundaries generally represent hydrographic rather than political subdivisions, particularly in the San Joaquin and Tulare Basins. The soils were simplified into sandy loam, silty clay, and silt from the State Soil Geographic Database STATSGO (U.S. Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service, 2005b). The soil type covering the maximum area of each cell was assigned to each cell. The land-use attributes are defined in the model on a cell-by-cell basis and include urban and agricultural areas, water bodies, and natural vegetation. The land use, referred to as "virtual crops," that covered the largest fraction of each 1 square mile model cell was the representative land use specified for that cell. Land-use maps were developed for five different time frames during the 42.5-year simulation period. The CVHM is the most recent regional-scale model of the Central Valley developed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). The CVHM was developed as part of the USGS Groundwater Resources Program (see "Foreword", Chapter A, page iii, for details). The model grid, water-balance subregions (WBSs), soil type, and virtual crops for the five land-use time frames values were used as input to MODFLOW-FMP, the USGS 3D finite-difference code used to simulate flow in the CVHM. The one-square-mile cells were used to define the resolution and extent of the CVHM. For the CVHM, the processes of evaporation, transpiration, runoff, and deep percolation to groundwater were estimated using the Farm Process (FMP1) (Schmid and others, 2006). The FMP allocates water, simulates or approximates processes, and computes mass balances for defined subregions of the model domain; in the CVHM, these subregions, or farms, are defined as the water-balance subregions. MODFLOW-FMP estimates irrigation-water allocations from conjunctively used surface water and groundwater. It is designed to simulate the demand components representing crop irrigation requirements and on-farm inefficiency losses, and the supply components representing surface-water deliveries and supplemental groundwater pumpage. The FMP also simulates additional head-dependent inflows and outflows such as canal losses and gains, surface runoff, surface-water return flows, evaporation, transpiration, and deep percolation of excess water (Faunt, 2009). Hence, the CVHM is a tool that accounts for integrated, variable water-supply and -demand, and simulates surface-water and groundwater-flow across the entire Central Valley system. The MODLFOW-FMP is based on mass balances (Schmid and others, 2006a, b). A farm mass balance is maintained between all inflows to and outflows from a farm, and is calculated and balanced for each simulation time step. A soil-water balance is calculated between inflows into the soil zone and the ET outflow. The details of the soil-water balance are given by Schmid and others (2006b. The FMP dynamically integrates irrigation water demand, surface-water and groundwater supply, and deep percolation. The FMP has the capability to estimate economically optimal allocations through acreage optimization of water supplied by surface-water and groundwater deliveries when demand exceeds supply. Other non-economic drought-response scenarios, such as deficit irrigation and water stacking, also are available. Combined with other MODLFOW-2000 (MF2K) packages such as streamflow-routing (SFR1) and multi-node well(MNW) packages, the FMP helps to transform MF2K from a predominantly groundwater-flow model to a more complete hydrologic model. While the FMP contains many optional simulation features, only some of the available components are used for the Central Valley. More details on all the components of the FMP can be found in Schmid and others (2006b) and Faunt and others (2009). The CVHM model grid, water-balance subregions (WBSs), soil type, and virtual crop dataset is one of many layers in a geospatial database supporting the USGS Central Valley Groundwater Availability Project. Regional groundwater availability studies quantify current groundwater resources, evaluate how those resources have changed through time, and provide tools that decision makers can use to forecast system responses to future development and climate variability and change. To provide information to stakeholders addressing these issues, the USGS made a detailed assessment of groundwater availability of the Central Valley aquifer system, which includes: (1) the present status of groundwater resources; (2) characterization of how these resources have changed over time; and (3) tools to assess system responses to stresses from future human uses and climate variability and change. This effort builds on previous investigations, such as the USGS Central Valley Regional Aquifer System and Analysis (CV-RASA) project and several other groundwater studies in the Valley completed by Federal, State and local agencies at various scales. Data from these previous studies were the foundation of the Central Valley geospatial database. These and other data were re-examined through a series of regional-scale hydrologic investigations to provide updated and spatially consistent interpretations for the Central Valley Groundwater Availability study. In some cases, new data were collected to augment existing information. Data compiled from the studies include geology (in particular, borehole lithology and the extent and thickness of the Corcoran Clay Member of the Tulare Formation), topography, remote sensing, climate (precipitation and temperature), geophysics, vegetation and land use, vegetation properties, hydrology (stream network and flows), groundwater levels, subsidence, chemistry, and soils. Digital elevation models, geologic maps, borehole information, cross sections, and other 3-dimensional models were used to develop the texture model which represents the properties and geometry of the Central Valley alluvial deposits. The resulting geospatial database supports characterization and conceptualization of the Central Valley hydrologic system between 1961 and 2003, construction of 3-dimensional hydrogeologic framework and hydrologic flow models, and visualization of analysis and model results. 2009 publication date Complete None planned -123.831528 -117.916328 40.748631 34.519871 ISO 19115 Topic Category inlandWaters geoscientificinformation American Geological Institute Glossary of Geology (http://glossary.agiweb.org/dbtw-wpd/glossary/search.aspx) hydrology hydrogeology model groundwater water balance soil type none Central Valley Aquifer Groundwater Availability of the Central Valley Aquifer CV-RASA Texture Model Flow Model CVHM Central Valley Hydrologic Model virtual crop land use U.S. Board of Geographic Names (BGN) and Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Central Valley, California San Joaquin Valley Sacramento Valley Ventura County Santa Barbara County San Luis Obispo County Kern County Kings County Tulare County Monterey County San Benito County Santa Clara County Fresno County Merced County Madera County Mariposa County Alameda County Stanislaus County Contra Costa County San Joaquin County Tuolumne County Calaveras County Solano County Amador County Sacramento County Napa County Sonoma County Yolo County El Dorado County Placer County Sutter County Colusa County Nevada County Lake County Yuba County Glenn County Mendocino County Butte County Humboldt County Tehama County Shasta County Trinity County Central Valley California Data have been checked to ensure the accuracy of the data. If any errors are detected, please notify the originating office. The U.S. Geological Survey strongly recommends that careful attention be paid to the metadata file associated with these data. The U.S. Geological Survey shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and (or) contained herein. Acknowledgement of the U.S. Geological Survey would be appreciated in products derived from these data. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this Federal Geographic Data Committee-compliant metadata file is intended to document the dataset in nonproprietary form, as well as in ArcGIS format, this metadata file may include some ArcGIS-specific terminology. Data have been checked to ensure the accuracy of the data. If any errors are detected, please notify the originating office. The U.S. Geological Survey strongly recommends that careful attention be paid to the metadata file associated with these data. The U.S. Geological Survey shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and (or) contained herein. Acknowledgement of the U.S. Geological Survey would be appreciated in products derived from these data. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this Federal Geographic Data Committee-compliant metadata file is intended to document the dataset in nonproprietary form, as well as in ArcGIS format, this metadata file may include some ArcGIS-specific terminology. Claudia C. Faunt U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologist mailing and physical address

California Water Science Center

San Diego Projects Office

4165 Spruance Road, Suite 200

San Diego California 92101 USA (619) 225-6142 (619) 225-6101 ccfaunt@usgs.gov http://water.usgs.gov/GIS/browse/pp1766_FMP.png Illlustration of data set png Spatial datasets supporting the Central Valley Groundwater Availability project were developed primarily by the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Groundwater Resources Program. This program is conducting large-scale multidisciplinary regional studies of groundwater availability. The U.S. Bureau of Reclamation is supporting the updating of the Central Valley datasets and their documentation and release. Microsoft Windows XP Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 3; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.3.1.3500 Schmid, Wolfgang Hanson, R. T. Maddock, Thomas, III 2006a Golden, CO International Ground Water Modeling Center Schmid, Wolfgang Hanson, R. T. Maddock, Thomas, III Leake, S. A. 2006b Techniques and Methods 6-A17 Sacramento, CA USGS California Water Science Center http://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/2006/tm6A17/ Faunt, C. C. Hanson, R.T. Belitz, K. Schmid, W. Predmore, S.P. Rewis, D.L. McPherson, K. 2009 Professional Paper 2009-1766 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1766/PP_1766.pdf Attributes added by the GIS and the data-set author were checked by inspection using a GIS. In addition, attributes were checked and evaluated as part of the review process associated with the publication of the source report. Lines forming polygons join at endpoints to completely enclose defined areas. Lines not enclosing areas do not intersect. No duplicate line features exist and all nodes are represented by a single coordinate pair which indicates the beginning or end of a line. All vertices that define the shape of the line are represented by a unique coordinate pair. The polygon features in this dataset are computer-generated and represent the model grid and model layers of the Central Valley Hydrologic Model. The dataset is complete and is not anticipated to change. Horizontal positional accuracy of polygon features in the dataset was tested by visually comparing to digital maps in the region using a GIS system. California Department of Water Resources 1977 vector digital data Sacramento, CA California Department of Water Resources online 2009 publication date California Department of Water Resources, 1977 depletion study areas California Department of Water Resources 2009 vector digital data Sacramento, CA California Department of Water Resources http://www.water.ca.gov/landwateruse/lusrvymain.cfm online 2009 publication date California Department of Water Resources, 2009 land use data Schwarz, G.E. Alexander, R.B. 19950901 vector digital data Open-File Report 95-449 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey http://water.usgs.gov/lookup/getspatial?ussoils online 2009 publication date Schwarz and Alexander, 1995 soil data Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics Consortium (MRLC) 2001 vector digital data Washington, D.C. Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics Consortium (MRLC) http://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd2001.php online 2009 publication date MRLC, 2001 virtual crops California Department of Water Resources 2000 Sacramento, CA California Department of Water Resources, Land and Water Use Section online 2009 publication date CA-DWR, 2000 land use attribute definitions California State University, Chico 2003 Chico, CA Department of Geography and Planning and Geographic Information Center, California State University, Chico http://www.gic.csuchico.edu/pdf/summary_rpt.pdf online 2009 publication date The Central Valley Historical Vegetation Mapping Project virtual crops A GIS was used to develop a polygon file representing the flow-model grid layers. The cells were overlayed with the California Department of Water Resources subregions, and the appropriate subregions attributed under "dwr_sbrgns." The soils were simplified into sandy loam, silty clay, and silt from the State Soil Geographic Database STATSGO (U.S. Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service, 2005b). The soil type covering the maximum area of each cell was assigned to each cell. The land-use attributes are defined in the model on a cell-by-cell basis and include urban and agricultural areas, water bodies, and natural vegetation. The land use, referred to as "virtual crops," that covered the largest fraction of each 1 square mile model cell was the representative land use specified for that cell. Land-use maps were developed for five different time frames during the 42.5-year simulation period. The MODFLOW-FMP ASCII arrays were imported into the GIS shapefile for the corresponding model cell. http://soils.usda.gov/survey/geography/statsgo/ 20090420 10482600 Faunt and others (2009) Faunt, C.C. USGS Hydrologist mailing and physical address

4165 Spruance Road, Suite 200

San Diego CA 92101 USA (619) 225-6142 ccfaunt@usgs.gov Central Valley, comprised of the Sacramento Valley on the north and the San Joaquin Valley on the south, located in the state of California. Vector G-polygon 43218 Albers Conical Equal Area 29.500000 45.500000 -120.000000 23.000000 0.000000 0.000000 coordinate pair 1609 1609 meters North American Datum of 1983 Geodetic Reference System 80 6378137.000000 298.257222 North American Vertical Datum of 1988 0.000010 feet Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates FMP Farm Process - Setup and solution variables for simulating irrigated agriculture dataset originator FID Internal feature number. ESRI Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. OBJECTID Internal feature number. ESRI Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Shape Feature geometry. ESRI Coordinates defining the features. CELLNUM Hydrologic model grid cell number, beginning in northwest (upper left) and wrapping west to east (left to right) and south (down). dataset originator 1 43218 ROW Hydrologic model grid row number, starting in the north and increasing to the south dataset originator 1 441 Integer COLUMN_ Hydrologic model grid column number, starting on westside and increasing to the east. dataset originator 1 98 Integer cvr2_lay1 Altitude of top of model layer 1 dataset originator 0 2551 Feet dwr_sbrgns DWR Subregions CA-DWG/BOR 0 Out of study area CA-DWG/BOR 1 California Department of Water Resources water-balance subregion 1 CA-DWG/BOR 2 California Department of Water Resources water-balance subregion 2 CA-DWG/BOR 3 California Department of Water Resources water-balance subregion 3 CA-DWG/BOR 4 California Department of Water Resources water-balance subregion 4 CA-DWG/BOR 5 California Department of Water Resources water-balance subregion 5 CA-DWG/BOR 6 California Department of Water Resources water-balance subregion 6 CA-DWG/BOR 7 California Department of Water Resources water-balance subregion 7 CA-DWG/BOR 8 California Department of Water Resources water-balance subregion 8 CA-DWG/BOR 9 California Department of Water Resources water-balance subregion 9 CA-DWG/BOR 10 California Department of Water Resources water-balance subregion 10 CA-DWG/BOR 11 California Department of Water Resources water-balance subregion 11 CA-DWG/BOR 12 California Department of Water Resources water-balance subregion 12 CA-DWG/BOR 13 California Department of Water Resources water-balance subregion 13 CA-DWG/BOR 14 California Department of Water Resources water-balance subregion 14 CA-DWG/BOR 15 California Department of Water Resources water-balance subregion 15 CA-DWG/BOR 16 California Department of Water Resources water-balance subregion 16 CA-DWG/BOR 17 California Department of Water Resources water-balance subregion 17 CA-DWG/BOR 18 California Department of Water Resources water-balance subregion 18 CA-DWG/BOR 19 California Department of Water Resources water-balance subregion 19 CA-DWG/BOR 20 California Department of Water Resources water-balance subregion 20 CA-DWG/BOR 21 California Department of Water Resources water-balance subregion 21 CA-DWG/BOR soil_textr Agricultural soils for the Central Valley, California, derived from STATSGO data NRCS 1 Silty clay (7.1 feet) dataset originator 2 Silt (9.3 feet) dataset originator 3 Sandy loam (9.1ft) dataset originator LU_1960 Land-use map for 1960 California Department of Water Resources 1 Water dataset originator 2 Urban dataset originator 3 Native classes - CA DWR class-1 categories CA DWR 5 Pasture/Hay dataset originator 8 Idle/fallow - CA DWR class-1 categories dataset originator 9 Truck, nursery, and berry crops - CA DWR class-1 categories dataset originator 10 Citrus and sub-tropical - Semi-agriculture includes livestock feedlots, dairies, and poultry farms dataset originator 11 Field crops - CA DWR class-1 categories dataset originator 12 Vineyards - CA DWR class-1 categories dataset originator 13 Pasture - CA DWR class-1 categoires dataset originator 14 Grain and hay crops - CA DWR class-1 categoires dataset originator 15 Semi-agriculture - CA DWR class-1 categoires, Semi-agriculture includes livestock, feedlots, dairies, and poultry farms. dataset originator 16 Deciduous fruits and nuts - CA DWR class-1 categoires dataset originator 17 Rice - CA DWR class-1 categoires dataset originator 18 Cotton dataset originator 19 Developed dataset originator LU_1973 Land-use map for 1973 MRLC 0 Outside of active model boundary dataset originator 1 Water dataset originator 2 Urban dataset originator 3 Native classes - CA DWR class-1 categories dataset originator 4 Orchards, groves, and vineyards dataset originator 5 Pasture/Hay dataset originator 6 Row Crops dataset originator 7 Small Grains dataset originator 8 Idle/fallow - CA DWR class-1 categories dataset originator 9 Truck, nursery, and berry crops - CA DWR class-1 categories dataset originator 10 Citrus and sub-tropical - Semi-agriculture includes livestock feedlots, dairies, and poultry farms dataset originator 11 Field crops - CA DWR class-1 categories dataset originator 12 Vineyards - CA DWR class-1 categories dataset originator 13 Pasture - CA DWR class-1 categoires dataset originator 14 Grain and hay crops - CA DWR class-1 categoires dataset originator 15 Semi-agriculture - CA DWR class-1 categoires, Semi-agriculture includes livestock, feedlots, dairies, and poultry farms dataset originator 16 Deciduous fruits and nuts - CA DWR class-1 categoires dataset originator 17 Rice - CA DWR class-1 categoires dataset originator 18 Cotton dataset originator 20 Cropland and pasture dataset originator LU_1992 Land-use map for 1992 MRLC 0 Outside of active model boundary dataset originator 1 Water dataset originator 2 Urban dataset originator 3 Native classes - CA DWR class-1 categories dataset originator 4 Orchards, groves, and vineyards dataset originator 5 Pasture/Hay dataset originator 6 Row Crops dataset originator 7 Small Grains dataset originator 8 Idle/fallow - CA DWR class-1 categories dataset originator 9 Truck, nursery, and berry crops - CA DWR class-1 categories dataset originator 10 Citrus and sub-tropical - Semi-agriculture includes livestock feedlots, dairies, and poultry farms dataset originator 11 Field crops - CA DWR class-1 categories dataset originator 12 Vineyards - CA DWR class-1 categories dataset originator 13 Pasture - CA DWR class-1 categoires dataset originator 14 Grain and hay crops - CA DWR class-1 categoires dataset originator 16 Deciduous fruits and nuts - CA DWR class-1 categoires dataset originator 17 Rice - CA DWR class-1 categoires dataset originator 18 Cotton dataset originator 19 Developed dataset originator LU_1998 Land-use map for 1998 MRLC 0 Outside of active model boundary dataset originator 1 Water dataset originator 2 Urban dataset originator 3 Native classes - CA DWR class-1 categories dataset originator 4 Orchards, groves, and vineyards dataset originator 5 Pasture/Hay dataset originator 8 Idle/fallow - CA DWR class-1 categories dataset originator 9 Truck, nursery, and berry crops - CA DWR class-1 categories dataset originator 10 Citrus and sub-tropical - Semi-agriculture includes livestock feedlots, dairies, and poultry farms dataset originator 11 Field crops - CA DWR class-1 categories dataset originator 12 Vineyards - CA DWR class-1 categories dataset originator 13 Pasture - CA DWR class-1 categoires dataset originator 14 Grain and hay crops - CA DWR class-1 categoires dataset originator 16 Deciduous fruits and nuts - CA DWR class-1 categoires dataset originator 17 Rice - CA DWR class-1 categoires dataset originator 18 Cotton dataset originator 19 Developed dataset originator 21 Cropland dataset originator 22 Irrigated Row and Field Crops dataset originator LU_2000 Land-use map for 2000 MRLC 0 Outside of active model boundary dataset originator 1 Water dataset originator 2 Urban dataset originator 3 Native classes - CA DWR class-1 categories dataset originator 8 Idle/fallow - CA DWR class-1 categories dataset originator 9 Truck, nursery, and berry crops - CA DWR class-1 categories dataset originator 10 Citrus and sub-tropical - Semi-agriculture includes livestock feedlots, dairies, and poultry farms dataset originator 11 Field crops - CA DWR class-1 categories dataset originator 12 Vineyards - CA DWR class-1 categories dataset originator 13 Pasture - CA DWR class-1 categoires dataset originator 14 Grain and hay crops - CA DWR class-1 categoires dataset originator 15 Semi-agriculture - CA DWR class-1 categoires, Semi-agriculture includes livestock, feedlots, dairies, and poultry farms. dataset originator 16 Deciduous fruits and nuts - CA DWR class-1 categoires dataset originator 17 Rice - CA DWR class-1 categoires dataset originator 18 Cotton dataset originator 19 Developed dataset originator Each model-grid polygon feature has 14 attributes. Three attributes are automatically generated by the GIS (FID, OBJECTID, Shape) for internal software purposes. The remaining eleven attributes were assigned by the author (Citation Originator) to define the land-use classifications for years 1960, 1973, 1992, 1998, and 2000 (LU_1960, LU_1973, LU_1992, LU_1998, LU_2000), soil texture (soil_textr), California Department of Water Resources Subregions (dwr_sbrgns), and the altitude of the first model layer within the model domain (cvr2_lay1). The land-use and soil-texture data were used in the FMP to estimate irrigation-water allocations from conjunctively used surface water and groundwater. These data were used for analysis and for developing input files for the CVHM numerical ground-water flow model. none. U.S. Geological Survey Ask USGS -- Water Webserver Team mailing address

445 National Center

Reston VA 20192 USA 1-888-275-8747 (1-888-ASK-USGS) http://water.usgs.gov/user_feedback_form.html Downloadable Data Digital geospatial datasets for the numerical model of the hydrogeologic landscape and groundwater flow in California's Central Valley. Although these data have been used by the U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior, no warranty expressed or implied is made by the U.S. Geological Survey as to the accuracy of the data. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the U.S. Geological Survey in the use of these data, software, or related materials. The use of firm, trade, or brand names in this report is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey. The names mentioned in this document may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective trademark owners. SHP ESRI Shapefile unzip 5.605 http://water.usgs.gov/GIS/dsdl/pp1766_FMP.zip None. This dataset is provided by the USGS as a public service. 2011 20120824 U.S. Geological Survey Ask USGS -- Water Webserver Team mailing address

445 National Center

Reston VA 20192 USA 1-888-275-8747 (1-888-ASK-USGS) http://answers.usgs.gov/cgi-bin/gsanswers?pemail=h2oteam&subject=GIS+Datase+pp1766_FMP FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998