Runkle, Donna Rea, Alan Source data sets and supplemental information provided by Mark F. Becker 1997 1.0 map Open-File Report 96-453 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey http://water.usgs.gov/lookup/getspatial?ofr96-453_recharg This data set consists of digitized polygons of constant recharge values for the Rush Springs aquifer in western Oklahoma. This area encompasses all or part of Blaine, Caddo, Canadian, Comanche, Custer, Dewey, Grady, Stephens, and Washita Counties. For the purposes of modeling the ground-water flow in the Rush Springs aquifer, Mark F. Becker (U.S. Geological Survey, written commun., 1997) defined the Rush Springs aquifer to include the Rush Springs Formation, alluvial and terrace deposits along major streams, and parts of the Marlow Formations, particularly in the eastern part of the aquifer boundary area. The Permian-age Rush Springs Formation consists of highly cross-bedded sandstone with some interbedded dolomite and gypsum. The Rush Springs Formation is overlain by Quaternary-age alluvial and terrace deposits that consist of unconsolidated clay, silt, sand, and gravel. The Rush Springs Formation is underlain by the Permian-age Marlow Formation that consists of interbedded sandstones, siltstones, mudstones, gypsum-anhydrite, and dolomite beds (Mark F. Becker, written commun., 1997). The parts of the Marlow Formation that have high permeability and porosity are where the Marlow Formation is included as part of the Rush Springs aquifer. The Rush Springs aquifer underlies about 2,400 square miles of western Oklahoma and is an important source of water for irrigation, livestock, industrial, municipal, and domestic use. Irrigation wells are reported to have well yields greater than 1,000 gallons per minute (Mark F. Becker, written commun., 1997). Mark F. Becker created some of the recharge data set by digitizing parts of previously published surficial geology maps. There are 87 recharge rates, ranging from 0.09 to 3.20 inches per year, used by Mark F. Becker (written commun., 1997) to simulate the ground-water flow in the Rush Springs aquifer. The average estimated recharge is about 2 inches per year or about 7 percent of the average annual precipitation. The recharge rates were based on stream discharge measured at sites in drainage basins in the Rush Springs study area during low-flow periods in March 1989 and February 1991 (Mark F. Becker, written commun., 1997). Ground-water flow models are numerical representations that simplify and aggregate natural systems. Models are not unique; different combinations of aquifer characteristics may produce similar results. Therefore, values of recharge used in the model and presented in this data set are not precise, but are within a reasonable range when compared to independently collected data. This data set was created for a project to develop data sets to support ground-water vulnerability analysis. The objective was to create and document a digital geospatial data set from a published paper report or map, or existing digital geospatial data set that could be used in ground-water vulnerability analysis. Introduction -- This data set consists of digitized polygons of constant recharge values for the Rush Springs aquifer in western Oklahoma. This area encompasses all or part of Blaine, Caddo, Canadian, Comanche, Custer, Dewey, Grady, Stephens, and Washita Counties. For the purposes of modeling the ground-water flow in the Rush Springs aquifer, Mark F. Becker (U.S. Geological Survey, written commun., 1997) defined the Rush Springs aquifer to include the Rush Springs Formation, alluvial and terrace deposits along major streams, and parts of the Marlow Formations, particularly in the eastern part of the aquifer boundary area. The Permian-age Rush Springs Formation consists of highly cross-bedded sandstone with some interbedded dolomite and gypsum. The Rush Springs Formation is overlain by Quaternary-age alluvial and terrace deposits that consist of unconsolidated clay, silt, sand, and gravel. The Rush Springs Formation is underlain by the Permian-age Marlow Formation that consists of interbedded sandstones, siltstones, mudstones, gypsum-anhydrite, and dolomite beds (Mark F. Becker, written commun., 1997). The parts of the Marlow Formation that have high permeability and porosity are where the Marlow Formation is included as part of the Rush Springs aquifer. The Rush Springs aquifer is overlain by the Permian-age Cloud Chief Formation in some parts of the western and northern sections of the aquifer. Where greater than 50 feet thick the Cloud Chief Formation is a confining unit that consists of massive gypsum units interbedded with reddish-brown shales and siltstones (Mark F. Becker, written commun., 1997). The Rush Springs aquifer underlies about 2,400 square miles of western Oklahoma and is an important source of water for irrigation, livestock, industrial, municipal, and domestic use. Irrigation wells are reported to have well yields greater than 1,000 gallons per minute (Mark F. Becker, written commun., 1997). Mark F. Becker created some of the recharge data set by digitizing parts of the surficial geology maps published at a scale of 1:250,000 in Carr and Bergman (1976), Hart (1974), Havens (1977), and Morton (1980). There are 87 recharge rates, ranging from 0.09 to 3.20 inches per year, used by Mark F. Becker (written commun., 1997) to simulate the ground-water flow in the Rush Springs aquifer. The average estimated recharge is about 2 inches per year or about 7 percent of the average annual precipitation. Digital Line Graph (DLG) format requires numbers to be stored as integers. Therefore, the recharge in inches per year was multiplied by 100 and stored in the digital data sets as hundredths of inches per year. For example 1.35 inches per year was multiplied by 100 and stored in the digital data sets as 135 in hundredths of an inch per year. The recharge rates were based on stream discharge measured at sites in drainage basins in the Rush Springs study area during low-flow periods in March 1989 and February 1991. Low-flow measurements (also referred to as base-flow measurements or seepage measurements) were made when no precipitation fell within or upstream of the study area for at least 10 days. The low-flow stream-discharge value is a measure of the amount of ground water that discharges to the stream. If the ground-water flow system is in equilibrium then discharge from the aquifer (stream low-flow measurements) can be assumed to be approximately equal to recharge (Mark F. Becker, written commun., 1997). Ground-water flow models are numerical representations that simplify and aggregate natural systems. Models are not unique; different combinations of aquifer characteristics may produce similar results. The hydraulic conductivity and recharge are closely interrelated. As long as these two model inputs are in balance the model has a small mean residual; it represents the natural system numerically. If the hydraulic conductivity is accurately known, the model can be used to accurately determine recharge. Likewise, if the hydraulic conductivity is poorly known, then the recharge will be poorly determined. Therefore, values of recharge used in the model and presented in this data set are not precise, but are within a reasonable range when compared to independently collected data. Recharge probably varies considerably over the local area, and model recharge is at best an average over an area at least as large as the model grid (and probably much larger than a single cell). Reviews Applied to Data -- This electronic report was subjected to the same review standard that applies to all U.S. Geological Survey reports. Reviewers were asked to check the topological consistency, tolerances, attribute frequencies and statistics, projection, and geographic extent. Reviewers were given digital data sets and paper plots for checking against the source maps to verify the linework and attributes. The reviewers checked the metadata and a_readme.1st files for completeness and accuracy. Related Spatial and Tabular Data Sets -- This data set is one of four digital map data sets being published together for this aquifer. The four data sets are: > aqbound - aquifer boundaries > cond - hydraulic conductivity > recharg - aquifer recharge > wlelev - water-level elevation contours Digital map data sets of the Oklahoma surficial geology digitized from 1:250,000-scale maps (or 1:125,000-scale maps for the three Oklahoma panhandle counties) are published separately. Other References Cited -- Carr, J.E., and Bergman, D.L., 1976, Reconnaissance of the water resources of the Clinton quadrangle, west-central Oklahoma: Oklahoma Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas 5, scale 1:250,000, 4 sheets. Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. (ESRI), 1995, ARC/INFO Command Reference, ARC/INFO On-line manuals: Redlands, CA. Hart, D.L., Jr., 1974, Reconnaissance of the water resources of the Ardmore and Sherman quadrangles, southern Oklahoma: Oklahoma Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas 3, scale 1:250,000, 4 sheets. Havens, J.S., 1977, Reconnaissance of the water resources of the Lawton quadrangle, southwestern Oklahoma: Oklahoma Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas 6, scale 1:250,000, 4 sheets. Morton, R.B., 1980, Reconnaissance of the water resources of the Woodward quadrangle, northwestern Oklahoma: Oklahoma Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas 8, scale 1:250,000, 4 sheets. Notes -- Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this data set has been used by the U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior, no warranty expressed or implied is made by the U.S. Geological Survey as to the accuracy of the data and related materials. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the U.S. Geological Survey in the use of this data, software, or related materials. 1997 publication date Complete None planned -99.1005 -97.8060 36.0747 34.6004 none ground-water vulnerability groundwater vulnerability aquifers ground water groundwater Rush Springs aquifer Rush Springs Formation Marlow Formation Cloud Chief Formation recharge recharge rate ground-water recharge inlandWaters none western Oklahoma None. This data set represents the recharge rates that were in part created by digitizing surficial geology maps published at a scale of 1:250,000 in Carr and Bergman (1976); Hart (1974); Havens (1977); and Morton (1980). These areas represented at this scale are indicative of broad, regional trends and should not be interpreted as site specific. Ground-water flow models are numerical representations that simplify and aggregate natural systems. Models are not unique; different combinations of aquifer characteristics may produce similar results. The hydraulic conductivity and recharge are closely interrelated. As long as these two model inputs are in balance the model has a small mean residual; it represents the natural system numerically. If the hydraulic conductivity is accurately known, the model can be used to accurately determine recharge. Likewise, if the hydraulic conductivity is poorly known, then the recharge will be poorly determined. Therefore, values of recharge used in the model and presented in this data set are not precise, but are within a reasonable range when compared to independently collected data. Recharge probably varies considerably over the local area, and model recharge is at best an average over an area at least as large as the model grid (and probably much larger than a single cell). Donna L. Runkle U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologist mailing address

202 NW 66th St., Bldg. 7

Oklahoma City Oklahoma 73116 United States of America 1-888-275-8747 (405) 843-7712 dlrunkle@usgs.gov none http://water.usgs.gov/lookup/get?OFR96-453/browse.gif A browse image of the four aquifer data sets. GIF Compilation of this data set and the associated metadata was funded under a cooperative Joint Funding Agreement between the U.S. Geological Survey and the State of Oklahoma, Office of the Secretary of Environment. Public UNCLASSIFIED None Operating System-- UNIX, ARC/INFO Version 7.0.3,(Mon Mar 13 22:21:55 PST 1995) Polygon and chain-node topology present. This data set includes all the specified recharge rates for the Rush Springs aquifer from Mark F. Becker (written commun., 1977). Lines with a value of 1 for the LSOURCE line attribute represent recharge rates used by Mark F. Becker in a ground-water flow model. None 64 meters Resolution as reported None. Map projection information was not stored with the original data sets therefore the map projection information, Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) project, zone 14, North American Datum of 1927 (NAD27), as documented in the surficial geology maps in Carr and Bergman (1976); Hart (1974); Havens (1977); and Morton (1980), was added using the ARC/INFO PROJECTDEFINE command (ESRI, 1995). The projection was later converted to the Albers Conical Equal Area, North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83) using the ARC/INFO PROJECT command (ESRI, 1995). 19970522 The data set was edited and dangling nodes were removed. The lines were attributed for LSOURCE and polygons were attributed for R. 19970626 A paper plot of the data set was compared to plots of maps from Mark F. Becker (written commun., 1997) and the published surficial geologic maps in Carr and Bergman (1976); Hart (1974); Havens (1977); and Morton (1980), to verify the location and labels of lines and polygons in the data set. 19970626 Vector Point 426 String 1139 GT-polygon composed of chains 427 Albers Conical Equal Area 29.5 45.5 -96 23 0.0 0.0 coordinate pair 64 meters 64 meters METERS North American Datum of 1983 Geodetic Reference System 80 6378137 298.257 RECHARG.PAT Attribute table of RECHARG. ARC/INFO - Attribute table of RECHARG. ARC/INFO - n/a n/a AREA Area of polygon/region in square coverage units Computed Positive real numbers n/a n/a PERIMETER Perimeter of polygon/region in coverage units Computed Positive real numbers n/a n/a RECHARG# Internal feature number Computed Sequential unique positive integer n/a n/a RECHARG-ID User-assigned feature number User-defined Integer n/a n/a R Recharge, in hundredths of an inch per year Mark F. Becker (written commun., 1997) 9 320 MAJOR1 Recharge, in hundredths of an inch per year Mark F. Becker (written commun., 1997) 9 320 MINOR1 Blank item for DLG Calculated 0 n/a n/a RECHARG.AAT Attribute table of RECHARG. ARC/INFO - Attribute table of RECHARG. ARC/INFO - n/a n/a FNODE# Internal number of from-node Computed Sequential unique positive integer n/a n/a TNODE# Internal number of to-node Computed Sequential unique positive integer n/a n/a LPOLY# Internal number of poly to left of arc Computed Sequential unique positive integer n/a n/a RPOLY# Internal number of poly to right of arc Computed Sequential unique positive integer n/a n/a LENGTH Length of arc in coverage units Computed Positive real numbers n/a n/a RECHARG# Internal feature number Computed Sequential unique positive integer n/a n/a RECHARG-ID User-assigned feature number User-defined Integer n/a n/a LSOURCE Source of line Mark F. Becker (written commun., 1997) 1 n/a n/a MAJOR1 Source of line Mark F. Becker (written commun., 1997) 1 n/a n/a MINOR1 Blank item for DLG Calculated 0 n/a n/a Each polygon in this data set has an associated attribute, R, that contains a value of recharge expressed in hundredths of an inch per year. The recharge value of 1.35 inches per year is stored as a R value of 135 hundredths of an inch per year. Polygons in this data set that contain a R of -99999 represent areas where the recharge rate is not known. R is stored in the first major code (MAJOR1) and 0 is stored in the first minor code (MINOR1) for polygons in the Digital Line Graph (DLG) version of this data set. Each line in this digital data set has an associated attribute, LSOURCE, that contains a code to indicate the source of the line. A LSOURCE code of 1 indicates the line is from Mark F. Becker (written commun., 1997). LSOURCE is stored in the first major code (MAJOR1) for lines, and 0 is stored in the first minor code (MINOR1) in the Digital Line Graph (DLG) version of this data set. See overview. U.S. Geological Survey Ask USGS - Water Webserver Team mailing

445 National Center

Reston VA 20192 1-888-275-8747 (1-888-ASK-USGS) http://answers.usgs.gov/cgi-bin/gsanswers?pemail=h2oteam&subject=GIS+Dataset+ofr96-453_recharg Although this data set has been used by the U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior, no warranty expressed or implied is made by the U.S. Geological Survey as to the accuracy of the data and related materials. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the U.S. Geological Survey in the use of this data, software, or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Export Full coverage zipped 1 http://water.usgs.gov/GIS/dsdl/ofr96-453_recharg.e00.gz Other DLG file format zipped 1 http://water.usgs.gov/GIS/dsdl/ofr96-453_recharg.dlg.gz None. This dataset is provided by USGS as a public service. 20041108 U.S. Geological Survey Ask USGS -- Water Webserver Team mailing

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Reston VA 20192 1-888-275-8747 (1-888-ASK-USGS) http://answers.usgs.gov/cgi-bin/gsanswers?pemail=h2oteam&subject=GIS+Dataset+ofr96-453_recharg FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998