Becker, Carol J. Runkle, Donna Rea, Alan 1997 1.0 map Open-File Report 96-451 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey http://water.usgs.gov/lookup/getspatial?ofr96-451_cond This data set consists of digital polygons of constant hydraulic conductivity values for the High Plains aquifer in Oklahoma. This area encompasses the panhandle counties of Cimarron, Texas, and Beaver, and the western counties of Harper, Ellis, Woodward, Dewey, and Roger Mills. The High Plains aquifer underlies approximately 7,000 square miles of Oklahoma and is used extensively for irrigation. The High Plains aquifer is a water-table aquifer and consists predominately of the Tertiary-age Ogallala Formation and overlying Quaternary-age alluvial and terrace deposits. In some areas the aquifer is absent and the underlying Triassic, Jurassic, or Cretaceous-age rocks are exposed at the surface. These rocks are hydraulically connected with the aquifer in some areas. The High Plains aquifer is composed of interbedded sand, siltstone, clay, gravel, thin limestones, and caliche. The proportion of various lithological materials changes rapidly from place to place, but poorly sorted sand and gravel predominate. The rocks are poorly to moderately well cemented by calcium carbonate. The High Plains aquifer was divided into three zones with each zone having an assigned hydraulic conductivity that was used as input to a ground-water flow model on the High Plains aquifer. These values are 8.3 feet per day for the west zone, 16.2 feet per day for the central zone, and 19.3 feet per day for the east zone. The polygon boundaries and constant hydraulic conductivity values were constructed by extracting lines from digital surficial geology data sets based on a scale of 1:125,000 for the panhandle counties and 1:250,000 for the western counties. Some of the lines were digitized from maps in a published water-level elevation map for 1980. Ground-water flow models are numerical representations that simplify and aggregate natural systems. Models are not unique; different combinations of aquifer characteristics may produce similar results. Therefore, values of hydraulic conductivity used in the model and presented in this data set are not precise, but are within a reasonable range when compared to independently collected data. This data set was created for a project to develop data sets to support ground-water vulnerability analysis. The objective was to create and document a digital geospatial data set from a published report or map, or existing digital geospatial data sets that could be used in ground-water vulnerability analysis. Introduction -- This data set consists of digital polygons of constant hydraulic conductivity values for the High Plains aquifer in Oklahoma. This area encompasses the panhandle counties of Cimarron, Texas, and Beaver, and the western counties of Harper, Ellis, Woodward, Dewey, and Roger Mills. The High Plains aquifer underlies approximately 7,000 square miles of Oklahoma and is used extensively for irrigation. The High Plains aquifer is a water-table aquifer and consists predominately of the Tertiary-age Ogallala Formation and overlying Quaternary-age alluvial and terrace deposits (Havens and Christenson, 1984). The High Plains aquifer is composed of interbedded sand, siltstone, clay, gravel, thin limestones, and caliche. The proportion of various lithological materials changes rapidly from place to place, but poorly sorted sand and gravel predominate. The rocks are poorly to moderately well cemented by calcium carbonate (Havens and Christenson, 1984). The polygon boundaries of constant hydraulic conductivity values were constructed by extracting lines from published digital surficial geology data sets (Cederstrand 1996a, 1996b, 1996c, 1996d, 1996e) based on a scale of 1:125,000 for the panhandle counties and 1:250,000 for the western counties. Some of the lines were digitized from aquifer boundaries in the U.S. Geological Survey publication, "Altitude and configuration of the 1980 water table in the High Plains regional aquifer, northwestern Oklahoma," by Havens, (1982) and were used by Havens and Christenson (1984) in a ground-water flow model of the High Plains aquifer. In some areas the aquifer is absent and the underlying Triassic, Jurassic, or Cretaceous-age rocks are exposed at the surface. The underlying rocks generally have very small hydraulic conductivities but in some areas are hydraulically connected with the aquifer. These areas were modeled as part of the aquifer by Havens and Christenson (1984). Boundaries on the source maps (Havens, 1982, Havens and Christenson, 1984) are generalized with some small outcrops of underlying rocks not shown. This data set was constructed using digital surficial geology data sets and contains many small polygons representing outcrops of underlying rocks that are not shown on the source maps. Havens and Christenson (1984) report that the High Plains aquifer was divided into three zones with each zone having an assigned hydraulic conductivity that was determined during the calibration of the steady-state model. These values are 8.3 feet per day for the west zone, 16.2 feet per day for the central zone, and 19.3 feet per day for the east zone. The southeastern part of the High Plains aquifer, south of the line of latitude 35 degrees and 30 minutes in Roger Mills County, was excluded in the ground-water model but is included in this data set and attributed -99999 to indicate an unknown hydraulic conductivity. Digital Line Graph (DLG) format requires numbers to be stored as integers. Therefore, the hydraulic conductivity in feet per day was multiplied by 10 and stored in the digital data sets as tenths of a foot per day. For example 8.3 feet per day was multiplied by 10 and stored in the digital data sets as 83 tenths of a foot per day. The hydraulic conductivity of the alluvial and terrace deposits of the Beaver-North Canadian River, located in the northeastern section of the High Plains aquifer, can be found in the report "Digital aquifer characteristics of the alluvial and terrace deposits along the Beaver-North Canadian River from the panhandle to Canton Lake in northwestern Oklahoma," by Adams, Runkle, and Rea (1997). Ground-water flow models are numerical representations that simplify and aggregate natural systems. Models are not unique; different combinations of aquifer characteristics may produce similar results. The hydraulic conductivity and recharge are closely interrelated. As long as these two model inputs are in balance the model has a small mean residual; it represents the natural system numerically. If the hydraulic conductivity is accurately known, the model can be used to accurately determine recharge. Likewise, if the hydraulic conductivity is poorly known, then the recharge will be poorly determined. Therefore, values of hydraulic conductivity used in the model and presented in this data set are not precise, but are within a reasonable range when compared to independently collected data. In most aquifers, hydraulic conductivity measurements made in wells or in cores will range over several orders of magnitude, even over short horizontal and vertical distances. Hydraulic conductivity values derived from ground-water flow models represent areal generalizations and do not reflect the large local variance in well or core measurements. Reviews Applied to Data -- This electronic report was subjected to the same review standard that applies to all U.S. Geological Survey reports. Reviewers were asked to check the topological consistency, tolerances, attribute frequencies and statistics, projection, and geographic extent. Reviewers were given digital data sets and paper plots for checking against the source maps to verify the linework and attributes. The reviewers checked the metadata and a_readme.1st files for completeness and accuracy. Related Spatial and Tabular Data Sets -- This data set is one of four digital map data sets being published together for this aquifer. The four data sets are: > aqbound - aquifer boundaries > cond - hydraulic conductivity > recharg - aquifer recharge > wlelev - water-level elevation contours Digital map data sets of the Oklahoma surficial geology digitized from 1:250,000-scale maps (or 1:125,000-scale maps for the three Oklahoma panhandle counties) are published separately. Other References Cited -- Adams, G.P., Runkle, Donna, and Rea, Alan, 1997, Digital aquifer characteristics of the alluvial and terrace deposits along the Beaver-North Canadian River from the panhandle to Canton Lake in northwestern Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-446, based on scale 1:250,000, 1 diskette. (Available in nonproprietary and ARC/INFO formats.) URL:http://water.usgs.gov/lookup/get?OFR96-446 Cederstrand, J.R., 1996a, Digital geologic map of Beaver County, Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-371, based on a scale of 1:125,000, 1 diskette. (Available in nonproprietary and ARC/INFO formats.) URL:http://wwwok.cr.usgs.gov/gis/geology/index.html Cederstrand, J.R., 1996b, Digital geologic map of Cimarron County, Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-372, based on a scale of 1:125,000, 1 diskette. (Available in nonproprietary and ARC/INFO formats.) URL:http://wwwok.cr.usgs.gov/gis/geology/index.html Cederstrand, J.R., 1996c, Digital geologic map of Clinton quadrangle, west-central Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-373, based on a scale of 1:250,000, 2 diskettes. (Available in nonproprietary and ARC/INFO formats.) URL:http://wwwok.cr.usgs.gov/gis/geology/index.html Cederstrand, J.R., 1996d, Digital geologic map of Texas County, Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-379, based on a scale of 1:125,000, 1 diskette. (Available in nonproprietary and ARC/INFO formats.) URL:http://wwwok.cr.usgs.gov/gis/geology/index.html Cederstrand, J.R., 1996e, Digital geologic map of Woodward quadrangle, northwestern Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-381, based on a scale of 1:250,000, 2 diskettes. (Available in nonproprietary and ARC/INFO formats.) URL:http://wwwok.cr.usgs.gov/gis/geology/index.html Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. (ESRI), 1995, ARC/INFO Command Reference, ARC/INFO On-line manuals: Redlands, CA. Havens, J.S., 1982, Altitude and configuration of the 1980 water table in the High Plains regional aquifer, northwestern Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Open-File Report 82-100, scale 1:250,000, 2 sheets. Havens, J.S., and Christenson, S.C., 1984, Numerical simulation of the High Plains regional aquifer, northwestern Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigation Report 83-4269, 27 p. Notes -- Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this data set has been used by the U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior, no warranty expressed or implied is made by the U.S. Geological Survey as to the accuracy of the data and related materials. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the U.S. Geological Survey in the use of this data, software, or related materials. 1996 publication date Complete None planned -102.8856 -99.2367 37.1297 35.2500 none ground-water vulnerability groundwater vulnerability aquifers ground water groundwater High Plains aquifer Ogallala Formation Ogallala aquifer hydraulic conductivity inlandWaters none panhandle of Oklahoma western counties in Oklahoma western Oklahoma northwestern Oklahoma None. This data set was constructed from digital surficial geology data sets by Cederstrand (1996a, 1996b, 1996c, 1996d, 1996e) that are based on a scale of 1:250,000 (western counties) and 1:125,000 (panhandle counties) and by digitizing polygon boundaries (Havens and Christenson 1984, pgs. 17 and 18) that were transferred onto a map (Havens, 1982, sheet 1) published at a scale of 1:250,000. A transformation was applied to make the lines from Cederstrand (1996a, 1996b, 1996c, 1996d, 1996e) more closely match the map by Havens (1982). As a result boundaries no longer match with geologic contacts from Cederstrand (1996a, 1996b, 1996c, 1996d, 1996e). The differences are as large as about 656.2 feet (200 meters) ground distance or 0.032 inches or (0.081 centimeters) on 1:250,000-scale maps. Hydraulic conductivity polygons represented at this scale are indicative of broad, regional trends and should not be interpreted as site specific. The hydraulic conductivity polygons were digitized from a folded paper map (47 inches by 19 inches) with a maximum registration root-mean-squared-error (RMSE) of 0.015 map inches (0.038 map centimeters) and 308.4 feet (94 meters) ground distance. Ground-water flow models are numerical representations that simplify and aggregate natural systems. Models are not unique; different combinations of aquifer characteristics may produce similar results. The hydraulic conductivity and recharge are closely interrelated. As long as these two model inputs are in balance the model has a small mean residual; it represents the natural system numerically. If the hydraulic conductivity is accurately known, the model can be used to accurately determine recharge. Likewise, if the hydraulic conductivity is poorly known, then the recharge will be poorly determined. Therefore, values of hydraulic conductivity used in the model and presented in this data set are not precise, but are within a reasonable range when compared to independently collected data. In most aquifers, hydraulic conductivity measurements made in wells or in cores will range over several orders of magnitude, even over short horizontal and vertical distances. Hydraulic conductivity values derived from ground-water flow models represent areal generalizations and do not reflect the large local variance in well or core measurements. Carol J. Becker U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologist mailing address

202 NW 66th St., Bldg. 7

Oklahoma City Oklahoma 73116 United States of America 1-888-275-8747 (405) 843-7712 cjbecker@usgs.gov none http://water.usgs.gov/lookup/get?OFR96-451/browse.gif A browse image of the four aquifer data sets. GIF Compilation of this data set and the associated metadata was funded under a cooperative Joint Funding Agreement between the U.S. Geological Survey and the State of Oklahoma, Office of the Secretary of Environment. Public UNCLASSIFIED None Operating System-- UNIX, ARC/INFO Version 7.0.3,(Mon Mar 13 22:21:55 PST 1995) Adams, G.P., Runkle, Donna Rea, Alan 1997 1.0 map Open-File Report 96-446 Oklahoma City, OK U.S. Geological Survey http://water.usgs.gov/lookup/getspatial?ofr96-446 Cederstrand, Joel R. 1996 1.0 map Open-File Report 96-371 Oklahoma City, OK U.S. Geological Survey http://wwwok.cr.usgs.gov/gis/geology/index.html Cederstrand, Joel R. 1996 1.0 map Open-File Report 96-372 Oklahoma City, OK U.S. Geological Survey http://wwwok.cr.usgs.gov/gis/geology/index.html Cederstrand, Joel R. 1996 1.0 map Open-File Report 96-373 Oklahoma City, OK U.S. Geological Survey http://wwwok.cr.usgs.gov/gis/geology/index.html Cederstrand, Joel R. 1996 1.0 map Open-File Report 96-379 Oklahoma City, OK U.S. Geological Survey http://wwwok.cr.usgs.gov/gis/geology/index.html Cederstrand, Joel R. 1996 1.0 map Open-File Report 96-381 Oklahoma City, OK U.S. Geological Survey http://wwwok.cr.usgs.gov/gis/geology/index.html Polygon and chain-node topology present. This data set includes all the areas of specified hydraulic conductivities published by Havens and Christenson (1984) on pages 17 and 18. Polygon boundaries with a value of 2 for the LSOURCE line attribute were taken from Cederstrand (1996a, 1996b, 1996c, 1996d, 1996e). The southeastern part of the High Plains aquifer, south of the line of latitude 35 degrees and 30 minutes in Roger Mills County, was excluded in the ground-water model by Havens and Christenson (1984). None 200 meters Resolution as reported None. A tic data set was created using township and range corners taken from 1:24,000-scale topographic maps. 19960117 Lines representing the aquifer boundaries were selected from digital geologic coverages and combined using the ARC/INFO command GET (ESRI, 1995). 19960212 A comparison of paper plots of the data set with source maps (Havens, 1982, sheets 1 and 2) showed the 1:24,000-scale township and range corners were not in the same locations on the 1:250,000-scale source maps. To correct the problem, 1:250,000-scale U.S. Geological Survey quadrangle maps were registered on the digitizer using latitudinal and longitudinal registration tics, with a maximum registration root-mean-squared error (RMSE) of 0.015 inches (0.038 centimeters) map units and 308 feet (94 meters) ground distance for the panhandle and western counties. Six registration tics were selected on each quadrangle map and digitized, and given the same tic identification numbers as the tics that were used initially. These new tics were used with the ARC/INFO TRANSFORM command (ESRI, 1995) to adjust the lines to more closely match the original map (Havens, 1982). The root-mean-squared error (RMSE) for TRANSFORM was 0.015 inches (0.038 centimeters) map units and 308 feet (94 meters) ground distance for the panhandle counties and 0.012 inches (0.031 centimeters) map units and 259.2 feet (79 meters) ground distance for the western counties. As a result boundaries no longer match with geologic contacts from Cederstrand (1996a, 1996b, 1996c, 1996d, 1996e). The differences are as large as about 656.2 feet (200 meters) ground distance or 0.032 inches or (0.081 centimeters) on 1:250,000-scale maps. It also was determined during a comparison of a paper plot of the data set with the source maps (Havens, 1982, Havens and Christenson, 1984) that outcrops of underlying bedrock in Texas County were mislocated on the source maps during the original drafting. This data set does not contain this error. 19960306 The data set was edited and dangling nodes were removed. Lines were attributed for LSOURCE. 19960311 The ARC/INFO command CLEAN (ESRI, 1995) was used with a dangle length of 82 feet (25 meters) and a fuzzy tolerance of 6.6 feet (2 meters). 19960312 Additional polygons were digitized with a maximum registration RMSE of 0.015 map inches (0.038 map centimeters) or 308 feet (94 meters) ground distance. Polygons were attributed for K and lines were attributed for LSOURCE. 19960313 Vector Point 171 String 217 GT-polygon composed of chains 172 Albers Conical Equal Area 29.5 45.5 -96 23 0.0 0.0 coordinate pair 200 meters 200 meters METERS North American Datum of 1983 Geodetic Reference System 80 6378137 298.257 COND.PAT Polygon attribute table ARC/INFO - Polygon attribute table ARC/INFO - n/a n/a AREA Area of polygon in square coverage units Computed Positive real numbers n/a n/a PERIMETER Perimeter of polygon in coverage units Computed Positive real numbers n/a n/a COND# Internal feature number Computed Sequential unique positive integer n/a n/a COND-ID User-assigned feature number User-defined Integer n/a n/a K Hydraulic conductivity in tenths of foot per day Havens and Christenson (1984) 83, 162, 193, -99999 n/a n/a MAJOR1 Hydraulic conductivity in tenths of foot per day Havens and Christenson (1984) 83, 162, 193, -99999 n/a n/a MINOR1 Blank item for DLG Calculated 0 n/a n/a COND.AAT Arc attribute table ARC/INFO - Arc attribute table ARC/INFO - n/a n/a FNODE# Internal number of from-node Computed Sequential unique positive integer n/a n/a TNODE# Internal number of to-node Computed Sequential unique positive integer n/a n/a LPOLY# Internal number of poly to left of arc Computed Sequential unique positive integer n/a n/a RPOLY# Internal number of poly to right of arc Computed Sequential unique positive integer n/a n/a LENGTH Length of arc in coverage units Computed Positive real numbers n/a n/a COND# Internal feature number Computed Sequential unique positive integer n/a n/a COND-ID User-assigned feature number User-defined Integer n/a n/a LSOURCE Source of line Cederstrand (1996a, 1996b, 1996c, 1996d, 1996e), Havens and Christenson (1984) 1, 2 n/a n/a MAJOR1 Source of line Cederstrand (1996a, 1996b, 1996c, 1996d, 1996e), Havens and Christenson (1984) 1, 2 n/a n/a MINOR1 Blank item for DLG Calculated 0 n/a n/a Each polygon in this data set has an associated attribute, K, containing values of hydraulic conductivity (Havens and Christenson, 1984, pgs. 17 and 18) expressed in tenths of a foot per day. For example, the hydraulic conductivity value of 16.2 feet per day is stored as a K value of 162 tenths of a foot per day. Polygons in this data set containing a K of -99999 represent areas where the aquifer was not modeled and the hydraulic conductivity value is unknown. The High Plains aquifer is divided into three zones with each zone having an associated hydraulic conductivity. The hydraulic conductivities reported by Havens and Christenson (1984) are expressed in this data set as: 83 tenths of a foot per day for the west zone, 162 tenths of a foot per day for the central zone, and 193 tenths of a foot per day for the east zone. K is stored in the first major code (MAJOR1) for polygons, and 0 is stored in the first minor code (MINOR1) in the Digital Line Graph (DLG) version of this data set. Each line in this digital data set has an associated attribute, LSOURCE, that contains a code to indicate the source of the line. An LSOURCE code of 1 indicates the line was taken from Havens (1982) or Havens and Christenson (1984), and an LSOURCE code of 2 indicates the line was extracted from Cederstrand (1996a 1996b, 1996c, 1996d, 1996e). LSOURCE is stored in the first major code (MAJOR1) for lines, and 0 is stored in the first minor code (MINOR1) in the Digital Line Graph (DLG) version of this data set. See overview. U.S. Geological Survey Ask USGS - Water Webserver Team mailing

445 National Center

Reston VA 20192 1-888-275-8747 (1-888-ASK-USGS) http://answers.usgs.gov/cgi-bin/gsanswers?pemail=h2oteam&subject=GIS+Dataset+ofr96-451_cond Although this data set has been used by the U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior, no warranty expressed or implied is made by the U.S. Geological Survey as to the accuracy of the data and related materials. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the U.S. Geological Survey in the use of this data, software, or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Export Full coverage zipped 1 http://water.usgs.gov/GIS/dsdl/ofr96-451_cond.e00.gz Other DLG file format zipped 1 http://water.usgs.gov/GIS/dsdl/ofr96-451_cond.dlg.gz None. This dataset is provided by USGS as a public service. 20041108 U.S. Geological Survey Ask USGS -- Water Webserver Team mailing

445 National Center

Reston VA 20192 1-888-275-8747 (1-888-ASK-USGS) http://answers.usgs.gov/cgi-bin/gsanswers?pemail=h2oteam&subject=GIS+Dataset+ofr96-451_cond FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998