Gregory Jarrell, U.S. Geological Survey 2000 Version 1.0, June 16, 2000 map USGS Open-File Report USGS OFR00-471 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey http://water.usgs.gov/lookup/getspatial?ofr00471_geostruc Michael Strobel, Gregory Jarrell, J. Foster Sawyer, John Schleicher, Mark Fahrenbach. 1999 Hydrologic Investigations Atlas HA-743 Rapid City, SD U.S. Geological Survey This data set represents major geologic structures in the Black Hills Area, South Dakota. This data set was created as part of the Black Hills Hydrology Study (BHHS). The BHHS is a long-term investigation that was initiated in 1990 as a cooperative effort between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the South Dakota Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), and the West Dakota Water Development District. West Dakota represents various local and county cooperators. The purpose of the study is to assess the quantity, quality, and distribution of surface and ground water in the Black Hills area of western South Dakota (Driscoll, 1992). The study area includes parts of Butte, Custer, Fall River, Lawrence, Meade, and Pennington counties in South Dakota. This electronic report was subjected to the same review standard that applies to all U.S. Geological Survey reports. Reviewers were asked to check the topological consistency, tolerances, attribute frequencies and statistics, projection, and geographic extent. The reviewers checked the metadata and a_readme.1st files for completeness and accuracy. Other_References_Cited: >Driscoll, D.G., 1992, Plan of study for the Black Hills Hydrology > Study, South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-84, > 10 p. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this Federal Geographic Data Committee-compliant metadata file is intended to document the data set in nonproprietary form, as well as in ARC/INFO format, this metadata file may include some ARC/INFO-specific terminology. 19980609 The structural information contained in this data set is as the base maps from which the information was derived. Complete None Planned -104.07750656 -102.97177339 44.74176677 43.11805167 none geology structure hydrogeology inlandWaters None Black Hills South Dakota none These data are not to be used at scales larger than 1:100,000. Joyce Williamson U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologist mailing address

1608 Mt. View Rd.

Rapid City South Dakota 57702 USA 1-888-275-8747 (605) 355-4523 (jewillia@usgs.gov) Compilation of this data set and the associated metadata was funded in cooperation with the South Dakota Department of Environment and Natural Resources and the West Dakota Water Development District. SunOS, 5.6, sun4u UNIX ARC/INFO version 8.0.1 Gregory Jarrell, U.S. Geological Survey 2000 map U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report OFR00-471 Rapid City U.S. Geological Survey http://water.usgs.gov/lookup/getspatial?ofr00471_hydrogeo Structures are as accurate as the base maps from which this data set was produced. Chain-node topology present. Existing geologic and hydrogeologic maps were reviewed and selected based upon criteria including map scale and date of publication or work. Selected maps are all referenced. Structures were plotted on mylar and checked for accuracy against origional source maps. Cattermole, J.M., U.S. Geological Survey 1969 map Geologic Quadrangle GQ-828 (city,state) U.S. Geological Survey 24000 paper map 1969 ground condition as of 1969 none Some geologic contacts were traced to mylar maps and then digitized. Cattermole, J.M., U.S. Geological Survey 1972 map Geologic Quadrangle GQ-986 (city,state) U.S. Geological Survey 24000 paper map 1972 ground condition as of 1972 none Some geologic structures were traced to mylar maps and then digitized. Darton, N.H., U.S. Geological Survey 1902 map none (publication ID) Washington, D.C. U.S. Geological Survey 125000 paper map 1902 ground condition as of 1902 none Some geologic structures were traced to mylar maps and then digitized. Darton, N.H., U.S. Geological Survey 1919 map none none Washington, D.C. U.S. Geological Survey 125000 paper map 1919 ground condition as of 1919 none Some geologic structures were traced to mylar maps and then digitized. Darton, N.H., and O'Harra, C.C., U.S. Geological Survey 1909 map none none Washington, D.C. U.S. Geologcial Survey 125000 paper map 1909 ground condition as of 1909 none Some geologic structures were traced to mylar maps and then digitized. Darton, N.H., and Paige, S., U.S. Geological Survey 1924 map none none Washington, D.C. U.S. Geological Survey 125000 paper map 1924 ground condition as of 1924 none Some geologic structures were traced to mylar maps and then digitized. Darton, N.H., and Smith, W.S., U.S. Geological Survey 1904 map none none Washington, D.C. U.S. Geological Survey 125000 paper map 1904 ground condition as of 1904 none Some geologic structures were traced to mylar maps and then digitized. Dewitt, E., Redden, J.A., Busher, D., and Wilson, A.B., U.S. Geological Survey 1989 map Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1910 Denver, CO U.S. Geological Survey 250000 paper map 1989 ground condition as of 1988 none Some geologic structures were traced to mylar maps and then digitized. Gott, G.B., Wolcott, D.E., and Bowles, C.G., U.S. Geological Survey 1974 map U.S. Geological Survey Professional paper 763 Denver, CO U.S. Geological Survey 48000 paper with map 1974 ground condition as of 1974 none Some geologic structures were traced to mylar maps and then digitized. Kalveis, J., U.S. Department of Agriculture 1982 publication with map soil survey none U.S Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service and Forest Service 24000 paper map 1982 ground condition as of 1982 none Some geologic structures were traced to mylar maps and then digitized. Knechtel, M.M., and Patterson, S.H., U.S. Geological Survey 1962 publication with map U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1082-M U.S. Geological Survey 48000 paper map 1962 ground condition as of 1962 none Some geologic structures were traced to mylar maps and then digitized. Love, J.D., Christiansen,A.C., and McGrew, L.W., U.S. Geological Survey 1977 map U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF-883 U.S. Geological Survey 250000 paper map 1977 ground condition as of 1977 none Some geologic structures were traced to mylar maps and then digitized. Mapel, W.J., Robinson, C.S., and Theobald, P.K., U.S. Geological Survey 1959 map U.S. Geological Survey Oil and Gas Investigations Map OM-191 U.S. Geological Survey 96000 paper map 1959 ground condition as of 1959 none Some geologic structures were traced to mylar maps and then digitized. McGregor, E.E., and Cattermole, J.M., U.S. Geological Survey 1973 map U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-1093 U.S. Geological Survey 24000 paper map 1973 ground condition as of 1973 none Some geologic structures were traced to mylar maps and then digitized. Redden, J.A., U.S. Geological Survey 1994 map U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-81 Denver, Co U.S. Geological Survey 100,000 mylar separate 1994 ground condition as of 1994 none Geologic structures were digitized from this map. Robinson, C.S., Mapel, W.J., and Bergendahl, M.H., U.S. Geological Survey 1964 map U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 404 U.S. Geological Survey 96000 paper map 1964 ground conditiona as of 1964 none Some geologic structures were traced to mylar maps and then digitized. Van Lieu, J.A., U.S. Geological Survey 1969 map U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Map I-581 U.S. Geological Survey 48000 paper map 1969 ground condition as of 1969 none Some geologic structures were traced to mylar maps and then digitized. Wolcott, D.E., U.S. Geological Survey 1967 map U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1063-k U.S. Geological Survey 24000 paper map 1967 ground condition as of 1967 none Some geologic structures were traced to mylar maps and then digitized. Originally four mylar base maps were created to represent significant hydrogeologic units that outcrop in the Black Hills study area. The four mylars represented four different geographic areas in the study area. The area was divided into four regions to create map areas for line work that were practical and feasible in terms of size. Basemaps of surficial geology and structural information from a large number of sources were used. The mylar was placed over the 1:100,000 base maps and selected lines were traced on the mylar overlay using a pencil. Each separate map had four registration tics which were chosen using points of known latitude and longitude. The four mylar sheets were sent to the U.S. Geological Survey office in Denver where they were scanned. The resulting Tagged Image File Format (TIFF) files were sent back with the mylars. The TIFF files were converted into a grid using ARC/INFO software. The details are given in the steps below: Step 1. Convert the image to a grid. Arc: imagegrid geology.tif geolg Step 2. Raster to vector conversion. Arc: gridline geolg geoline # # # # # .018 .01 .002 .018 is the maximum thickness in inches of a line (6 pixels at .003 resolution) that gets converted to a line. 0.01 is the maximum length of a dangling arc. 0.002 is the tolerance used to thin the arcs using the Douglas/Peuker algorithm (See online documentation [ESRI, 1995] for more information). Tolerances were set to prevent corruption of the data during later processing. The set tolerances create uniform line thicknesses and help to prevent intersecting lines as well as small dangling lines which may have been created during the scanning process. Step 3. Set tolerances for the coverage Arc: tolerance geoline fuzzy .002 Arc: tolerance geoline dangle .002 Arc: tolerance geoline nodesnap .01 Arc: tolerance geoline weed .002 Arc: tolerance geoline tic_match .005 Step 4. Arcedit was used to remove unwanted arcs from the line coverage. The next steps involved transforming the coverage into real-world coordinates. On the original mylar map sheets, tic marks were designated at four locations where a location was known. For example, a benchmark on a U.S. Geological Survey topograhic map, or a tic mark representing a major latitude/longitude intersection. When the TIFF images were converted into grids, arbitrary tics were generated. These tics were moved to the location of the known tics on the mylar map sheets using edit tools in Arctools. A tic coverage was created for each of the mylar overlays using the four tics on each sheet with the GENERATE command in ARC/INFO. The tic coverage was then projected from geographic (latitude/longitude) coordinates into UTM coordinates using the PROJECT command and the following projection file: >input >projection geographic >units dd >parameters >output >projection utm >units meters >zone 13 >parameters >end Finally, the TRANSFORM command was used to transform each coverage into UTM coordinates using the appropriate UTM tic coverage. At this point attributes for structural type were added to the polygon attribute table for each coverage. 19980609 First draft of metadata created by gjarrell using FGDCMETA.AML ver. 1.33 07/15/99 on ARC/INFO data set /home/student/gja/meta/geostruc 20000616 Vector String 2460 Universal Transverse Mercator 13 0.9996 -105.00 0.00000 500,000 0.0000 coordinate pair 1.0 1.0 Meters North American Datum of 1927 Clarke 1866 6378206.4 294.98 > >GEOSTRUC.AAT: > >COLUMN ITEM NAME WIDTH OUTPUT TYPE N.DEC ALTERNATE NAME > 1 FNODE# 4 5 B - > 5 TNODE# 4 5 B - > 9 LPOLY# 4 5 B - > 13 RPOLY# 4 5 B - > 17 LENGTH 4 12 F 3 > 21 GEOSTRUC# 4 5 B - > 25 GEOSTRUC-ID 4 5 B - > 29 TYPE 10 10 C - > > FNODE# -Internal feature number representing from-node TNODE# -Internal feature number representing to-node LPOLY# -Internal feature number RPOLY# -Internal feature number LENGTH -Length of feature in meters GEOSTRUC# -Internal feature number GEOSTRUC-ID -User-assigned feature number TYPE -User-assigned character-string for feature type Definitions of attributes for TYPE 'arrow' -Denotes arc is a symbol feature denoting whether strucure is an anticline, syncline, or dome; also may denote a bar symbol for a fault. 'dot' -Denotes where arc should be dotted in areas where concealed. 'dash' -Denotes where arc should be dashed in areas where inferred. 'line' -Denotes where arc should be solid in areas where location is known. Note: A point coverage <ball_cov> has been generated in order to aid in producing "ball symbols" for those structural features that are downthrown on one side. This coverage has been included only as an aid for presentation purposes. none U.S. Geological Survey Ask USGS - Water Webserver Team mailing

445 National Center

Reston VA 20192 1-888-275-8747 (1-888-ASK-USGS) http://answers.usgs.gov/cgi-bin/gsanswers?pemail=h2oteam&subject=GIS+Dataset+ofr00471_geostruc Although this data set has been used by the U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior, no warranty expressed or implied is made by the U.S. Geological Survey as to the accuracy of the data and related materials. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the U.S. Geological Survey in the use of this data, software, or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Export Full coverage 1 http://water.usgs.gov/GIS/dsdl/ofr00471_geostruc.e00 Export Full coverage 1 http://water.usgs.gov/GIS/dsdl/ofr00471_geostruc.e00.zip SDTS Full coverage zipped 1 http://water.usgs.gov/GIS/dsdl/ofr00471_geostruc.tgz Other Full coverage zipped 1 http://water.usgs.gov/GIS/dsdl/ofr00-471_geostruc_shp.tgz None. This dataset is provided by USGS as a public service. 20041108 U.S. Geological Survey Ask USGS -- Water Webserver Team mailing

445 National Center

Reston VA 20192 1-888-275-8747 (1-888-ASK-USGS) http://answers.usgs.gov/cgi-bin/gsanswers?pemail=h2oteam&subject=GIS+Dataset+ofr00471_geostruc FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998