Battaglin, W.A., and Goolsby, D.A. 1994 1.0 Series_Name WRIR-94 Issue_Identification 4176 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey http://water.usgs.gov/lookup/getspatial?nit89 Battaglin, W. A.; Goolsby, D. A. 1995 report U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Investigative Report WRIR 944176 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/wri944176 This coverage contains estimates of nitrogen-fertilizer sales for the conterminous United States in 1989 as reported by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (1990) and by Jerald Fletcher (West Virginia University, written commun., 1992). Nitrogen-fertilizer sales estimates in this coverage are reported for each county polygon in tons of actual nutrient sold (inorganic nitrogen, phosphate, and potash) as distinct from total tons of fertilizer product. The data are summarized for fertilizer years (i.e. the 1987 fertilizer year runs from July 1, 1986 to June 30, 1987). The polygons representing county boundaries in the conterminous United States, as well as lakes, estuaries, and other nonland-area features were derived from the Digital Line Graph (DLG) file representing the 1:2,000,000-scale map in the National Atlas of the United States (1970). Nitrogen-fertilizer Commercial fertilizer Fertilizer use Counties United States The nitrogen-fertilizer sales estimates in this coverage are intended for use in estimating regional fertilizer sales, and in producing visual displays and mapping relative rates of fertilizer sales across broad regions of the United States. Procedures_Used: NITROGEN-FERTILIZER SALE ESTIMATES An automated procedure was developed for processing the raw fertilizer-sales estimates into ARC/INFO coverage attributes. The procedure is summarized bellow: 1) copy raw data to file called nit.temp and edit off header records, 2) run script nitdat.sc making file called nit.in 3) edit nit.in removing extra column between state and county FIPS codes, and extra lines at end of file ("00000" FIPS), 4) rename nit.in nit%year%.inp 5) copy county2m coverage to coverage called nit%year% 6) run nitadd.aml COUNTY BOUNDARIES This series of maps was published as part of the National Atlas of the United States (U.S.Geological Survey, 1970). The maps for the conterminou United States were digitized in 15 sheets and published in the Digital Lin Graph (DLG) format as described by Domeratz and others (1983). Each sheet was prepared by reading the DLG files of the political and water bodies layers, converting them to ARC/INFO, extracting the county boundaries and the coastline, respectively, and joining the two layers. FIPS codes were assigned to all polygons by using available sources and were checked manually. Boundaries with adjacent sheets of the 15-sheet set were edgematched manually, arbitrarily choosing one of the sheets as the "correct" border. Edgematching operations adjusted the linework as far as was necessary so that the coverages would fit to a tolerance of 100 meters. The coverage (referred to herein as Version 1.0) was stored as 49 separate coverages (48 States and the District of Columbia) because the ARC/INFO software in use at the time could not process the entire coverage. Individual States could be joined by specifying a tolerance of 100 meters. From time to time, adjustments were made to the State coverages to reflect changes in U.S. counties. It is believed the accuracy of these adjustments is comparable to the original linework. For Version 2.0, all State coverages were rejoined and manually edited to produce a perfect edgematch between all States. For States on the original map sheet boundaries, this adjustment averaged less than 20 meters and in no case was more than 100 meters. The whole coverage was CLEANed to a tolerance of 20 meters, which resulted in few, if any, effect on small offshore islands. The coverage also was checked to ensure that it represented current U.S. counties or county equivalents. The coverage in Version 1.0 stopped at the coastline. There was no attempt to depict offshore areas. This created some problems when the coverage was used to assign county codes to sampling stations located near the coast. To help in this matter, Version 2.0 includes offshore extensions of the county polygons. The (water) boundaries of many of these polygons are arbitrary. The Canadian Great Lakes features are another new addition to Version 2. They were added to improve the utility of the coverage for visual displays Although the Canadian Great Lakes are logically represented by a single polygon, practical considerations -- the inability of some software to plo polygons with a large number of vertices -- made it necessary to separate them into four polygons. The dividing lines are located in narrow channel to minimize interference with plotting patterns. Canadian islands within the Great Lakes also were included. All ticks were relocated to places that are easily visible on maps of the United States, to help in registering maps that may not otherwise have adequate registration information. To expedite accessing parts of the coverage, certain items have been indexed with the procedure, INDEX_COUNTY.AML. See Section 3 above. A spatial index also was created. When using this coverage to clip or intersect other coverages, a tolerance as low as 2 meters can be used. The processing used to derive this coverage moved boundaries from their positions on the original maps. In cases of conflicting lines, preference was given to forming the correct topology. Strictly speaking, this coverag is not identical to the source materials. These changes were unavoidable in producing a continuous coverage of the conterminous United States. Revisions: COUNTY POLYGON DATA Revision 1.0, 12/17/90. This revision represents numerous corrections and minor modifications made to this set of coverages from its construction in 1985 through the revision date. Revision 2.0, 3/18/91. Major reworking of the coverage, combining all State coverages. Reviews_Applied_to_Data: The fertilizer-sales data processing procedure and attribute data have been peer reviewed in 1993 by Leonard Orzol and Barbara Ruddy, both hydrologist with the USGS. The county boundaries in this coverage have received no formal review. They have, however, been used in numerous applications where serious error would have been obvious. Some State coverages were corrected following such use. The offshore polygon extensions and the Canadian Great Lakes polygons have had no review. Related_Spatial_and_Tabular_Data_Sets: This coverage is part of series of 1:2,000,000-scale base maps covering the United States. Layers in this set include: COUNTY -- County boundaries. STATE -- State boundaries (formed from COUNTY). WATERBOD -- Water Bodies. STREAM -- Streams. HUC -- Hydrologic cataloging units (basins). Other_References_Cited: Domeratz, M. A., Hallam, C. A., Schmidt, W. E., and Calkins, H. W., 1983, USGS Digital Cartographic Data Standards: Digital Line Graphs from 1:2,000,000-scale Maps. U.S. Geological Survey Circular 895-D, 38p. Nebert, Douglas D., 1994, Design of the distributed spatial data library for the Water Resources Division, U. S. Geological Survey: U. S. Geological Survey Open-File Report, 94-327, 30 p. U.S. Department of Commerce, 1989a, Census of agriculture, 1987 -- Final county file: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, [machine-readable data file] U.S. Department of Commerce, 1989b, Census of agriculture, 1987 -- Final county file technical documentation: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Data User Services Division. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1990, County-level fertilizer sales data: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Policy, Planning, and Evaluation, PM-221. U.S. Geological Survey, 1970, National atlas of the United States of America: Washington D.C., U. S. Geological Survey, 417 p. Notes: DOCUMENTATION The documentation for this coverage was generated by using the ARC macro language (AML) program document.aml available from the U.S. Geological Survey (Nebert, 1994). 0000 (Here you put information defining how the time period of content information, on the DOC file, was determined) Complete (Here you pick one of the following entries that describes how often changes or additions are made to the data set. Pick one, and delete the rest) Continually Daily Weekly Monthly Annually Unknown As Needed Irregular None planned -128.07002717 -65.25698378 48.26194027 22.67774911 None Nitrogen-fertilizer use in counties in the United States, 1989 inlandWaters None Conterminous United States None None None None (describe any restrictions or legal prerequisites for accessing the data set. Put "None" if there are no restrictions) NITROGEN-FERTILIZER SALES DATA Estimates of nitrogen-fertilizer sales by county were generated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (1990) and by Jerald Fletcher (West Virginia University, written commun., 1992) by using the following procedure: (1) compiling annual State fertilizer-sales data reported as tonnages to the National Fertilizer and Environmental Research Center of the TVA; (2) calculating the ratio of expenditures for commercial fertilizers by county to expenditures for commercial fertilizers by States from the 1987 Census of Agriculture (U.S. Department of Commerce, 1989a); and (3) computing annual county-level nitrogen-fertilizer sales, in tons, by multiplying estimates of annual States sales by the ratio of county expenditures to States expenditures. In some counties no fertilizer sales were reported, but some fertilize use was reported in the Census Data. Although fertilizer expenditures estimates (in $1,000) represent the 1987 growing year, the nitrogen-fertilizer sales estimates (tons) generally reflect 1989 amounts. Estimates of nitrogen-fertilizer sales by county were constructed from a combination of data reported to State regulatory agencies and from data in the 1987 Census of Agriculture. Fertilizer-sales data submitted annually to State regulatory agencies by fertilizer dealers reflect total sales without regard to the land use for which it was bought, or the State (or county) in which the fertilizer was actually used. In the Census of Agriculture sampling and statistics were used to account for nonresponding farm operations (U.S. Department of Commerce, 1989b). Thus, the information that describes county-level fertilizer sales is subject to sampling variability as well as reporting and coverage errors. Census disclosure rules also prevent the publication of information that would reveal the operation of individual farms. COUNTY BOUNDARIES The original files for this map were provided in 15 sections. Boundaries near the edges of sections have been adjusted in edgematching. Polygons that extend into the water (an ocean or the Great Lakes) should be considered arbitrary. William A. Battaglin U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Div. (WRD) Hydrologist, Office of the Regional Hydrologist mailing address

P.O. Box 25046, Denver Federal Center, Bldg. 25

Lakewood CO 80225 USA 1-888-275-8747 303-236-5959 wbattagl@usgs.gov 8:00am-4:30pm MST Please contact thru email http://water.usgs.gov/GIS/browse/nit89.gif Illlustration of data set GIF (Here you acknowledge the agencies and organizations that gave you money, resources, and encouragement to digitize the data and to enter all this wonderful metadata.) None Unclassified None dgux, 5.4R3.10, AViiON UNIX, ARC/INFO version 7.0.4 See Entity_Attribute_Information See Explanation Attribute accuracy is described, where present, with each attribute defined in the Entity and Attribute Section. Polygon and chain-node topology present. (Information in wordy narrative form describing omissions, selection criteria, generalization, definitions used, and other rules applied to derive the data set) (An explanation of the accuracy of the horizontal coordinate measurements and a description of tests used, if any, to determine horizontal positional accuracy. This is different from horizontal resolution as reported in the DOC file. Positional accuracy defines how correctly the digital features match real-world features and woiuld be related to the concept of the National Map Accuracy Standard -- xx% of well-defined point features fall within xx units of their true position. The resolution is the smallest unit of measure the GIS can reliably manage without truncation or rounding.) approx. 1 km Resolution as reported (The same as above, but for vertical information that may be encoded with the 2-D features such as cell or contour estimates of a vertical dimension. A description of the contour interval of input data and its basis could be described here.) Unspecified 0000 2,000,000 Unspecified 0000 Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified RESELECT COUNTY2M COUNTY.NEW POLY None 19911112 1528 None LABELERRORS COUNTY.NEW None 19911112 1529 None LABELERRORS COUNTY.NEW None 19911112 1556 None EXTERNALALL None 19911112 1721 None RENAME COUNTY.NEW COUNTY2M None 19911113 1249 None CREATELABELS COUNTY2M 5000 None 19911115 1656 None EXTERNALALL None 19911204 1410 None COPY COUNTY2M /ARC3/WORK/LIB/COUNTY2M None 19920102 0833 None COPY /ARC3/WORK/LIB/COUNTY2M COUNTY.AG None 19920102 1527 None RENAME COUNTY.AG CNTY.AG None 19920102 1527 None COPY /ARC3/WORK/CNTY.AG COUNTY2M None 19920107 1423 None EXPORT COVER COUNTY2M COUNTY2M None 19920117 1350 None COPY /ARC3/WORK/LIB/COUNTY2M COUNTY2M None 19920121 1549 None BUILD COUNTY2M POLY None 19920121 1615 None ARCEDIT /ARC3/WORK/COUNTY2M None 19920122 0948 None BUILD COUNTY2M POLY None 19920122 0956 None IDEDIT COUNTY2M POLY None 19920122 1101 None COPY COUNTY2M /ARC3/WORK/LIB/COUNTY2M None 19920122 1102 None IDEDIT COUNTY2M POLY None 19920330 1537 None EXPORT COVER COUNTY2M COUNTY2M None 19920608 1103 None ARCEDIT /ARC3/WORK/LIB/COUNTY2M None 19920803 1748 None BUILD COUNTY2M POLY None 19920803 1758 None CLEAN COUNTY2M # 2 2 POLY None 19920803 1846 None COPY COUNTY2M /WB2/DB/USA/COUNTY2M None 19920804 0919 None EXPORT COVER COUNTY2M COUNTY2M None 19930520 0955 None COPY /WB2/DB/USA/COUNTY2M NIT89 None 19941222 0837 None COPY /ARC3/EPA1/NIT/NIT89 NIT89 None 19941222 0951 None PROJECTDEFINE COVER NIT89 None 19941222 0952 None DOCUMENT NIT89 UPDATE WBATTAGL None 19941222 1016 None EXPORT COVER NIT89 NIT89 None 19941222 1044 None DOCUMENT NIT89 UPDATE WBATTAGL None 19941230 1121 None MNEGRI IMPORT COVER NIT89.E00 NIT89 None 19950308 1513 None Unspecified None 19950308 1526 None MNEGRI EXPORT COVER NIT89 NIT89.E00 None 19950309 2033 None MNEGRI ARCSDTS NIT89 NIT89.TAR.GZ PREF None 19950309 2047 None MNEGRI EXPORT COVER NIT89 /SCRATCH_AREA1/MNEGRI/NIT89.E00 NONE None 19950919 1836 None MNEGRI EXPORT COVER /DSDL1/CUSA/TILES/CUSA/NIT89 NIT89.E00 None 19960624 0922 None MNEGRI EXPORT COVER /DSDL1/CUSA/TILES/CUSA/NIT89 NIT89.E00 None 19960625 1151 None Vector Point 4787 String 11926 GT-polygon composed of chains 4788 Albers Conical Equal Area 29.5 45.5 -96 23 0.0 0.0 coordinate pair 1.0 1.0 METERS Unknown Clarke 1866 6378206.4 294.98 NIT89.PAT polygon attribute table ARC/INFO file AREA Area of polygon in square coverage units (meters) Computed Positive real numbers unspecified unspecified PERIMETER Perimeter of polygon in coverage units (meters) Computed Positive real numbers unspecified unspecified NIT89# Internal feature number Computed Sequential unique positive integer unspecified unspecified NIT89-ID User-assigned feature number User-defined Integer unspecified unspecified FIPS 5-digit county FIPS code Federal Information Processing Standard 01001 - 56998, none = 0 unspecified unspecified ST two character state abbreviation U.S. Postal Service AL - WY, none = blank unspecified unspecified CNTYNAME county name U.S. Geological Survey files upper-case alphanumeric, none = blank unspecified unspecified PLYTYPE polygon type: 0=county land, others are lakes, estuaries, etc. see narrative 0-4,9 unspecified unspecified WORKB variable used for data processing n/a any integer unspecified unspecified AREA.ACRES total county land area (all polygons) in acres calculated from areas of polygons with like FIPS code and PLYTYPE=0 numeric values greater than 0, missing = -99.00 unspecified unspecified NTOT89 total estimated nitrogen-fertilizer sales in tons, 1989 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1990 numeric values greater than 0, missing = -99.0 unspecified unspecified NTOT89.USE rate of nitrogen-fertilizer use in county polygon in tons per square mile U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1990 numeric values greater than 0, missing = -99.000 unspecified unspecified K2O89 estimated potash (K20) sales in tons, 1989 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1990 numeric values greater than 0, missing = -99.0 unspecified unspecified K2O89.USE rate of potash use in county polygon in tons per square mile U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1990 numeric values greater than 0, missing = -99.000 unspecified unspecified P2O589 estimated phosphate (P2O5) sales in tons, 1989 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1990 numeric values greater than 0, missing = -99.000 unspecified unspecified P2O589.USE rate of phosphate use in county polygon in tons per square mile U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1990 numeric values greater than 0, missing = -99.0 unspecified unspecified AMNI89 fertilizer sold as ammonium nitrate in tons, 1989 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1990 numeric values greater than 0, missing = -99.0 unspecified unspecified ANHY89 fertilizer sold as anhydrous ammonia in tons, 1989 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1990 numeric values greater than 0, missing = -99.0 unspecified unspecified NMIS89 fertilizer sold as miscellaneous forms in tons, 1989 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1990 numeric values greater than 0, missing = -99.0 unspecified unspecified NSOL89 fertilizer sold as nitrogen solutions in tons, 1989 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1990 numeric values greater than 0, missing = -99.0 unspecified unspecified UREA89 fertilizer sold as urea in tons, 1989 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1990 numeric values greater than 0, missing = -99.0 unspecified unspecified FIPSST two-digit state FIPS code Federal Information Processing Standard 01 - 56, none = 0 unspecified unspecified FIPSCNTY three-digit county FIPS code Federal Information Processing Standard 001 - 998, none = 0 unspecified unspecified NIT89.AAT line attribute table ARC/INFO file FNODE# Internal number of from-node Computed Sequential unique positive integer unspecified unspecified TNODE# Internal number of to-node Computed Sequential unique positive integer unspecified unspecified LPOLY# Internal number of polygon to left of arc Computed Sequential unique positive integer unspecified unspecified RPOLY# Internal number of polygon to right of arc Computed Sequential unique positive integer unspecified unspecified LENGTH Length of arc in coverage units (meters) Computed Positive real numbers unspecified unspecified NIT89# Internal feature number Computed Sequential unique positive integer unspecified unspecified NIT89-ID User-assigned feature number User-defined Integer unspecified unspecified BNDTYPE boundary type see narrative 0-8 unspecified unspecified NITROGEN-FERTILIZER SALES ATTRIBUTES Nitrogen-fertilizer sales estimate were generated and are reported as tons of actual nutrient. The data are summarized for fertilizer years (i.e. the 1987 fertilizer year runs from July 1, 1986 to June 30, 1987). Nitrogen-fertilizer sales estimates by county were constructed from estimates reported by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (1990) for 1985-89 and by Jerald Fletcher (West Virginia University, written commun., 1992) for 1990-91. The estimates are provided for seven years (1985-91) in seven ARC/INFO coverages (NIT85, NIT86, NIT87, NIT88, NIT89, NIT90, and NIT91); however, the 1987 Census of Agriculture data on fertilizer expenditures used to disaggregate State sales totals to county-level sales estimates represents only 1987 sales. Eleven attributes were added to an ARC/INFO coverage for each year of fertilizer-sales data. All attribute names contain a number that represents the year of the data. For example, NTOT86 is the attribute name for total nitrogen-fertilizer sales in 1986. Sales estimates are provided for total nitrogen, potash, and phosphate, and for nitrogen sold as ammonium nitrate, anhydrous ammonia, miscellaneous forms, nitrogen solutions, and urea. Example nitrogen-fertilizer sales coverage names, attribute names, and short attribute definitions are listed in table 1. Table 1. Nitrogen-fertilizer sales, 1989 coverage name, attribute names, and short attribute descriptions __________________________________________________________________________ NIT89--Coverage of nitrogen-fertilizer sales estimates, 1989 __________________________________________________________________________ Attribute name Description __________________________________________________________________________ NTOT89 Total estimated nitrogen-fertilizer sales, 1989 (tons) NTOT89.USE Rate of nitrogen-fertilizer use in county polygon (tons per square mile) K2089 Estimated potash sales, 1989 (tons) K2089.USE Rate of potash use in county polygon (tons per square mile P20589 Estimated phosphate sales, 1989 (tons) P20589.USE Rate of phosphate use in county polygon (tons per square mile) AMNI89 Fertilizer sold as ammonium nitrate, 1989 (tons) ANHY89 Fertilizer sold as anhydrous ammonia, 1989 (tons) NMIS89 Fertilizer sold as miscellaneous forms, 1989 (tons) NSOL89 Fertilizer sold as nitrogen solutions, 1989 (tons) UREA89 Fertilizer sold as urea, 1989 (tons) __________________________________________________________________________ Nitrogen-fertilizer sales estimates in counties represented by one polygon are equal to county totals. For counties described by more than one polygon, attribute values are provided for each polygon and are calculated as the county total multiplied by the ratio of the area of each county polygon divided by the total area of the county. A missing-value code of -99.00 is used when no fertilizer-sales attribut data are given for a county and for all nonland-area polygons. The missing-value code can indicate any of the following conditions: --fertilizer not sold in the county, --crop data withheld because of census disclosure rules, --crop data not available to the census, or --crop data not published because county contains fewer than 10 farms. COUNTY POLYGON ATTRIBUTES Each county is identified by a five-digit Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) code. The first two digits represent the state and the three remaining represent the county within State. County names (in upper case) and the two-character State abbreviation also are included. All polygons are coded by polygon type (PLYTYPE) as follows: 0 = U.S. land. 1 = Extensions of counties into the ocean and estuaries. Some boundaries may be arbitrary. 2 = U.S. Great Lakes. Some boundaries between counties may be arbitrary. 3 = Canadian Great Lakes. 4 = Canadian islands in Great Lakes, included for visual cartographic purposes. 9 = External polygon. All arcs are coded by boundary type (BNDTYPE) as follows: 0 = Coastline of United States. 1 = State-State border occurring on land. 2 = County-county border, within state, occurring on land. 3 = State-State border occurring on the ocean, an estuary, or a Great Lake. Some of these borders are arbitrary. 4 = County-county border, with State, but occurring on the ocean, an estuary, or a Great Lake. Some of these borders are arbitrary. 5 = International border occurring on land. 6 = International border occurring on water. 7 = Canadian shoreline of the Great Lakes. 8 = Arbitrary separation line between the Canadian portions of the Great Lakes. 9 = Closure line with the external polygon. This is arbitrary. All BNDTYPE values are determined from the adjoining polygons by the routine, INDEX_COUNTY.AML. The coverage is indexed (ARC: INDEXITEM) on FIPS code, State FIPS code, State abbreviation, county name, polygon type, and boundary type. Not Available U.S. Geological Survey Ask USGS - Water Webserver Team mailing

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Reston VA 20192 1-888-275-8747 (1-888-ASK-USGS) http://water.usgs.gov/user_feedback_form.html Although this data set has been used by the U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior, no warranty expressed or implied is made by the U.S. Geological Survey as to the accuracy of the data and related materials. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the U.S. Geological Survey in the use of this data, software, or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Export Full coverage zipped 1 http://water.usgs.gov/GIS/dsdl/nit89.e00.gz SDTS Full coverage zipped 1 http://water.usgs.gov/GIS/dsdl/nit89.sdts.tgz None. This dataset is provided by USGS as a public service. 20041108 U.S. Geological Survey Ask USGS -- Water Webserver Team mailing

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Reston VA 20192 1-888-275-8747 (1-888-ASK-USGS) http://answers.usgs.gov/cgi-bin/gsanswers?pemail=h2oteam&subject=GIS+Dataset+nit89 FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998