Marschner, Francis J. Anderson, James R. 1967 1.0 map Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey http://water.usgs.gov/lookup/getspatial?na70_landuse U.S. Geological Survey 1970 Washington, DC U.S. Geological Survey This is a polygon coverage of major land uses in the United States. The source of the coverage is the map of major land uses in the National Atlas, pages 158-159, which was adapted from U.S. Department of Agriculture, "Major Land Uses in the United States," by Francis J. Marschner, revised by James R. Anderson, 1967. The intended use of this coverage is in the state sections of the 1990-91 National Water Summary on surface-water quality. Each state report will contain a map of the state's major land uses and, if possible, will discuss the influence of land use on water quality in the state. The coverage contains one polygon attribute, LUC (land use code). LUC is derived from the categories of land use listed in the National Atlas plus a category for open water. The codes are: 1 = Mostly cropland; 2 = Cropland with grazing land; 3 = Cropland with pasture, woodland, and forest; 4 = Irrigated land; 5 = Woodland and forest with some cropland and pasture; 6 = Forest and woodland mostly grazed; 7 = Forest and woodland mostly ungrazed; 8 = Subhumid grassland and semiarid grazing land; 9 = Open woodland grazed (pinon, juniper, aspen groves, chaparral and brush); 10 = Desert shrubland grazed; 11 = Desert shrubland mostly ungrazed; 12 = Alpine meadows, mountain peaks above timber line, sparse dry tundra, lava flows, and barren land; 13 = Swamp; 14 = Marshland; 15 = Moist tundra and muskeg; 16 = Urban areas; 17 = Open water; 99 = Great Lakes, Canada. (The SYMBOL attribute was used for plotting.) The coverage contains one arc attribute, KEEP. This is a flag for plotting the arc or not. The area of some polygons exceeded the limit for hardware fill on the Versatec plotter, so arcs were added to divide the polygons into smaller ones. The arcs that divide up the large polygons are not plotted as the boundaries of land use categories. The arc codes are: 0 = Divides a large polygon (is not to be plotted); 1 = Land use boundary; 2 = Coastline or island boundary. There are separate coverages for Alaska and Hawaii. 1967 1970 Historical land use information Complete None planned -127.871468 -65.405602 51.552484 23.248364 None Land use inlandWaters None Conterminous United States none The scale of the data (1:7,500,000) limits its use to broad overviews of land use. Several areas on the scanned map did not register properly with existing 1:2,000,000 base maps. The areas are southwest New Mexico to southwest California and the northwest corner of Maine. The original ticks appear to be located properly. The discrepancy might be due to different source maps or error in transforming the scanned copy. Microsoft Windows XP Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 2; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.0.0535. Paulson, R.W. Chase, E.B. Williams, J.S. Moody, D.W. 1993 1 U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2400 Logical consistency tests are described in the Process Step dated 1990. The data spans the conterminous United States. The coverage was created from the National Atlas plate by Kerie Hitt, USGS National Water Summary. Jack Wittmann from NMD supplied a clear plastic overlay of the linework for the National Atlas plate. The plastic overlay was scanned on the TEK 4991 drum scanner in the Reston GIS lab. The parameters on the scanner were: Units = metric; Reflectance = 55%; Background = light; Void size = 1 pixel; Dot size = 5 x 5 pixels; Smoothing = disabled; Growing layers = 0; Thinning layers = 2; Vectorizing tolerance = 0.100; Short vector length = 0.000; Short vector tolerance = 0.100. The resulting TDA file was uploaded to the Prime and was coverted to an ARC/INFO coverage (LANDUSE1) using Ken Lanfear's TEKSCAN.AML. The rest of the processing was accomplished with ARC/INFO. LANDUSE1 was ARCEDITED, and Alaska, Hawaii, pie charts, explanation, and other extraneous pieces were removed. The original tics were deleted and 13 new tics at the locations of latitude/longitude drawn on the plastic were added. The coverage was saved to LANDUSE2. A file (US.LL.TICKS) listing the latitude/longitude of the 13 known locations on the map was projected from Geographic to Albers (US.ALB.TICKS). An empty coverage called LANDUSE5 was created using the TIC file of LANDUSE2. The XTIC and YTIC values of LANDUSE5 were updated to match the Albers coordinates in US.ALB.TICKS. The coverage was transformed into real world coordinates (see log below). TRANSFORM LANDUSE2 LANDUSE5 Transforming coordinates for coverage LANDUSE2 Scale (X,Y) = (7494.289,7506.062) Translation = (-2690169.317,-234854.159) Rotation (degrees) = (0.060) RMS Error (input,output) = (0.075,559.951) tic input x input y id output x output y x error y error --- ---------------- ---------------- ----------- ----------- 01 175.728 448.880 -1376571.000 3135814.000 -167.536 105.741 04 466.301 436.361 800505.875 3044125.000 492.771 224.574 05 649.293 321.795 2172901.000 2186024.000 391.808 -97.096 06 669.366 249.960 2324251.000 1646694.000 37.967 197.569 08 576.165 78.041 1627249.000 355418.500 -90.194 268.423 09 372.580 59.998 102183.297 218647.781 -601.385 -70.883 12 36.876 332.119 -2416211.000 2258465.000 -209.907 -109.442 02 271.951 434.498 -655443.500 3028804.000 -59.102 -41.203 03 369.080 430.334 72934.656 2998128.000 -496.067 176.869 07 643.081 90.999 2128467.000 454241.500 84.084 -732.892 10 304.459 61.210 -408619.938 226711.000 -330.653 394.218 11 53.917 172.453 -2288723.000 1059890.000 1270.597 139.988 13 59.335 403.047 -2248343.000 2791387.000 -322.382-455.865 The dangling arcs were removed by CLEANING and ARCEDITING. Spiderwebbing along the coastline was removed by ARCEDITING. After polygon topology was built, interior polygons having small areas were checked and the ones that were not part of the land use categories were removed. The linework on the plastic overlay that was scanned did not always agree with the published land use map. In such cases, the linework of the published map was used instead of the scan copy. After the linework was checked, the polygons were tagged using ARCEDIT. 1990 Dick Paulson checked color plots of all states except Alaska and Hawaii. The dataset was reviewed on a state-by-state basis when state maps of the data were published in the state summaries in the 1990-91 National Water Summary report (U.S. Geological Survey, 1993). The dataset was used in most of the State Summaries of that report. 1991 The dataset had been deleted from the spatial library by mistake. Imported an archival copy in SDTS format. Projected from Geographic to Albers. Also made a non-propriety shapefile. Put the coverage metadata into FGDC-compliant form. Put all back into the spatial data library. --Kerie Hitt, USGS 200703 vector Complete chain 12721 Label point 4351 GT-polygon composed of chains 4350 Point 13 Albers Conical Equal Area 29.500000 45.500000 -96.000000 23.000000 0.000000 0.000000 coordinate pair 0.008192 0.008192 meters North American Datum of 1983 Geodetic Reference System 80 6378137.000000 298.257222 U.S. Geological Survey Ask USGS -- Water Webserver Team mailing

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Reston VA 20192 1-888-275-8747 (1-888-ASK-USGS) http://water.usgs.gov/user_feedback_form.html Although this dataset has been used by the U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior, no warranty expressed or implied is made by the U.S. Geological Survey as to the accuracy of the data and related materials. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the U.S. Geological Survey in the use of this data, software, or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. ArcInfo Workstation Coverage gzip -d; gunzip 1712000 bytes http://water.usgs.gov/GIS/dsdl/na70_landuse.tgz ArcInfo Shapefile gzip -d; gunzip 1612000 bytes http://water.usgs.gov/GIS/dsdl/na70_landuse.tar.gz None. This dataset is provided by USGS as a public service. 200703 U.S. Geological Survey Ask USGS -- Water Webserver Team mailing

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Reston VA 20192 1-888-275-8747 (1-888-ASK-USGS) http://answers.usgs.gov/cgi-bin/gsanswers?pemail=h2oteam&subject=GIS+Dataset+na70_landuse FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998