J.L. Smith 2001 Version 1.0 remote-sensing image Carson City, Nev. U.S. Geological Survey http://water.usgs.gov/lookup/getspatial?msavi89 Laczniak, Smith, Elliott, DeMeo, Chatigny, and Roemer 2001 Water-Resources Investigations Report 01-4195 Carson City, Nev. U.S. Geological Survey http://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri014195/ The raster-based Modified Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index was derived from Landsat Thematic Mapper imagery data acquired during June 1989 for Sarcobatus Flat. The index has been shown to increase the dynamic range of the vegetation signal while further minimizing the soil background influences, resulting in greater vegetation sensitivity as defined by a "vegetation signal" to "soil noise" ratio. The data set was used in determining phreatophyte boundaries for a ground-water evapotranspiration study and relative differences in vegetation density between discharge areas. The data set was created to determine areas of regional plant-cover information for use in the report, "Ground-water discharge determined from estimates of evapotranspiration, Death Valley regional flow system, Nevada and California." Introduction The raster-based Modified Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (MSAVI) was derived from Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery data acquired during June 1989 for the Sarcobatus Flat area of the Death Valley regional flow system. Background and formulas of the MSAVI are detailed in Qi and others (1994). The MSAVI has been shown to increase the dynamic range of the vegetation signal while further minimizing the soil background influences, resulting in greater vegetation sensitivity as defined by a "vegetation signal" to "soil noise" ratio. The MSAVI is a type of Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI). The SAVI includes a constant soil adjustment factor L. The MSAVI uses the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Weighted Difference Vegetation Index (WDVI) to compute the L value in the SAVI for each picture element or pixel. This is referred to as a self-adjusting L function in Qi and others (1994, p. 123). The slope of the soil line used in the equations was 1.06. This was used by Qi and others (1994, p. 123) and was determined to be an acceptable value for this study. Reviews The MSAVI image for 1989 was checked for consistency and accuracy during the data processing. Two external reviews were done. The reviewers were asked to check metadata and other documentation files for completeness and accuracy. Reviewers also were asked to check the topological consistency, tolerances, projections, and geographic extent. The Landsat Entity-identification number is LT5040034008917210. References Beverley, A.M., and Penton, P.G., eds., 1989, ELAS, Science and Technology Laboratory Applications Software--Vol. II, User Reference: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Science and Technology Laboratory Report 183, [unpaginated]. Chavez, P.S., 1989, Radiometric calibration of Landsat Thematic Mapper multispectral images: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 55, no. 9, p. 1285-1294. Qi, J., Chehbouni, A., Huete, A.R., Kerr, Y.H., and Sorooshian, S., 1994, A modified soil adjusted vegetation index: Remote Sensing of the Environment, v. 48, p. 119-126. U.S. Geological Survey, 1992, Landsat Thematic Mapper imagery: Sioux Falls, S.D., U.S. Geological Survey. Notes Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this data set has been used by the U.S. Geological Survey, Department of the Interior, no warranty expressed or implied is made by the U.S. Geological Survey as to the accuracy of the data and related materials. Although this Federal Geographic Data Committee-compliant metadata file is intended to document the data set in non-proprietary form, as well as in ArcInfo(R) format, this metadata file may include some ArcInfo-specific terminology. Users should exercise caution and judgment in applying these data, and be aware that errors may be present in any or all of the digital image data. If errors are encountered in this data set, it will be appreciated if the user would pass this information to the Metadata_Contact. 19890621 The index is only appropriate for the date of the imagery. Complete None planned -117.21632652 -116.6694442 37.40421024 36.99765884 None MSAVI modified soil adjusted vegetation index inlandWaters None Nevada southern Nevada eastern California Sarcobatus Flat None The data are derived from copyrighted data provided by EOSAT Corporation. No use constraints apply. Users should exercise caution when using these data. Use with similarly scaled data. Acknowledgment of the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Department of Energy would be appreciated in any products derived from these data. J.L. Smith U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologist mailing and physical address

333 W. Nye Ln.

Carson City NV 89706 USA 1-888-275-8747 (775) 887-7629 jlsmith@usgs.gov Compilation of this data set and the associated metadata was done in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy. IRIX64, 6.4, IP27 UNIX ArcInfo version 7.2.1 See Entity_Attribute_Information See explanation Where present, an explanation is used to describe each attribute defined in the Entity_and_Attribute section. Not applicable for raster data. Complete For geometric corrections, 36 control points evenly distributed throughout the image generally are collected. First order global polynomial models were used. Control points were identified from a previously geometrically corrected image corresponding to the same area. That image was corrected using about 36 control points evenly distributed throughout the image and with a first-order global polynomial model. Maps at a scale of 1:24,000 were used to identify control points during that process. This image-to-image procedure produced acceptable models for TM data geocorrection. In some areas, more than a one- or two-pixel error has been observed as compared with Digital Line Graph (DLG) data. Distortions in the mountainous areas probably were greater than one pixel due to relief. 25.0 meters Overall root-mean-square (RMS) errors of geocorrection models used were less than one pixel and generally ranged from 15 to 25 meters in the x and y directions. Some individual control points may have RMS errors approaching 40 meters. U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) 19890621 remote-sensing image Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USGS CD-ROM 19890621 ground condition Landsat TM The Landsat TM was processed using the National Landsat Archive Production System (NLAPS) systematic correction. The TM data are converted to NASA ELAS format (Science and Technology Laboratory Application Software; Beverley and Penton, 1989). Data quality is assessed, statistics are collected, and geometric corrections are performed using ELAS. Preprocessing of the TM data included restoration of bad data if found, atmospheric correction, sensor calibration, calculation to percent reflectance, and geometric correction. Cloud presence was not considered because most of the areas were cloud free. Atmospheric and radiometric corrections were made using the programs TMHAZE and TM2REF in Chavez (1989). Correction to percent reflectance using the procedure described by Chavez uses only information contained within the scene. If significant moisture was present in the atmosphere, the calculation of percent reflectance could have an error. In the southern Nevada desert, this usually does not happen. No multiplicative atmospheric corrections were made. Geometric corrections were performed using first order global polynomial models with nearest neighbor resampling. TM channels 3 and 4 were then converted to ArcInfo GRID (R) format. Lookup tables for the digital number (DN) of the TM data to percent reflectance were used to create an attribute for the geocorrected TM data. The calculations of the indexes and conversion to integer was then completed with an ARC Macro Language program. Landsat TM 1997 Raster grid cell 2504 2689 Universal Transverse Mercator 11 coordinate pair 18.0 18.0 Meters North American Datum of 1927 Clarke 1866 6378206.4 294.98 grid cell grid cell used for MSAVI rescaled value ArcInfo(R) GIS Software VALUE MSAVI index value Qi, J., Chehbouni, A., Huete, A.R., Kerr, Y.H., and Sorooshian, S., 1994, A modified soil adjusted vegetation index: Remote Sensing of the Environment, v. 48, p. 119-126. 0 200 The MSAVI index in VALUE ranging from 0.0 to 1.0, is rescaled from 0 to 200. Under certain conditions in dense vegetation, the MSAVI may be over 1.0, and thus some VALUE entries may be greater than 200. The VAT file of the ArcInfo grid also contains the attribute COUNT which is the number of pixels having an assigned VALUE. The ArcInfo grid also includes a statistic file (MSAVI89.STA) which contains the attributes MIN, MAX, MEAN, and STDV, where MIN is the minimum of VALUE, MAX is the maximum of VALUE, MEAN is the mean of VALUE, and STDV is the standard deviation of VALUE. These attributes are not included in any non-proprietary digital data sets. MSAVI89.VAT: COLUMN ITEM NAME WIDTH OUTPUT TYPE N.DEC ALTERNATE NAME 1 VALUE 4 10 B - 5 COUNT 4 10 B - MSAVI89.STA: COLUMN ITEM NAME WIDTH OUTPUT TYPE N.DEC ALTERNATE NAME 1 MIN 8 15 F 3 9 MAX 8 15 F 3 17 MEAN 8 15 F 3 25 STDV 8 15 F 3 none U.S. Geological Survey Ask USGS - Water Webserver Team mailing

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Reston VA 20192 1-888-275-8747 (1-888-ASK-USGS) http://water.usgs.gov/user_feedback_form.html Although this data set has been used by the U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior, no warranty expressed or implied is made by the U.S. Geological Survey as to the accuracy of the data and related materials. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the U.S. Geological Survey in the use of this data, software, or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Export Full coverage zipped 1 http://water.usgs.gov/GIS/dsdl/msavi89_data.tgz Export Full coverage zipped 1 http://water.usgs.gov/GIS/dsdl/msavi89_meta.tgz None. This dataset is provided by USGS as a public service. 20041108 U.S. Geological Survey Ask USGS -- Water Webserver Team mailing

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Reston VA 20192 1-888-275-8747 (1-888-ASK-USGS) http://answers.usgs.gov/cgi-bin/gsanswers?pemail=h2oteam&subject=GIS+Dataset+msavi89 FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998