Rose L. Medina Thomas J. Lopes 2007 vector digital data Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey http://water.usgs.gov/lookup/getspatial?jnwra_v4n2_pzb Thomas J. Lopes Rose L. Medina 2007 document Journal of Nevada Water Resources Association Volume 4, Number 2 Reno, NV Nevada Water Resources Association http://www.nvwra.org/journal/vol4no2.asp This data set contains precipitation stations and precipitation-zone boundaries of west-central Nevada. The precipitation zones were developed for use with the precipitation-zone method, which uses elevation-based regression equations with defined precipitation zones to estimate 1971-2000 mean annual precipitation (Lopes and Medina, 2007.) The intended uses of this data set include, but are not limited to, natural resource modeling, mapping, and visualization applications. Reference Cited Lopes, T.J., and Medina, R.L., 2007, Precipitation Zones of West-Central Nevada: Journal of Nevada Water Resources Association, v. 4, no 2, p. 21. 1971 2000 the publication date of the source data Complete None planned -120.802115 -116.904182 41.695138 37.123771 none mean annual precipitation ISO 19115 Topic Category climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere inlandWaters none Nevada Great Basin United States none Acknowledgment of the U.S. Geological Survey and the Bureau of Reclamation would be appreciated in products derived from these data. Although this Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) compliant metadata file is intended to document the data set in nonproprietary form, this metadata file may include some ArcGIS-specific terminology. These data are not intended to be used as a survey product and are for reference only. U.S. Geological Survey Nevada Water Science Center Public Information Officer mailing and physical address

2730 N. Deer Run Road

Carson City NV 89701 USA (775)887-7600 (775)887-7629 Compilation of this data set and the associated metadata was done in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation. Technical review of this database was done by Susan G. Buto and J. LaRue Smith of the U.S. Geological Survey. Microsoft Windows XP Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 2; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.2.4.1420 Verification was done by interactive on-screen review. Frequency tests were performed on all feature class attributes to check that no features were unlabeled, misspelled, or inconsistent. Corrections were made until one visual comparison, combined with on-screen review, determined 100 percent of the digital attribute data was correct. The logical consistency topologically is clean. Chain-node topology is present. Using ArcGIS topology tools, all polygons were checked for gaps, overlaps, and duplicate features; all lines were checked for node errors, overshoots, undershoots, dangles, intersections, and duplicate features. Complete for west-central Nevada Errors resulting from source data quality, automation processes, and scale resolution can impact the accuracy of data. These data are derived from 1:24,000-scale and 1:250,000-scale sources and on-screen digitizing. National Map Accuracy Standards (NMAS) established for the United States in 1947 (U.S. Geological Survey, 1988) state that no more than 10 percent of features shall be more than 1/50th of an inch from their intended location on maps of scale smaller than 1:20,000. National Standards for Spatial Data Accuracy (NSSDA) published by the Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) in 1998 relate the NMAS to the digital geospatial data standard by multiplying the NMAS accuracy by a factor of 1.1406 resulting in expected error in the geospatial data at standard mapping scales as follows: >1: 24,000-scale map - 14 meters >1: 62,500-scale map - 36 meters >1: 100,000-scale map - 58 meters >1: 250,000-scale map - 145 meters >1: 500,000-scale map - 290 meters >1:1,000,000-scale map - 579 meters References Cited FGDC, Subcommittee for Base Cartographic data, 1998, Geospatial Positioning Accuracy Standards, Part 3: National Standard for Spatial Data Accuracy, FGDC-STD-007.3-1998, last accessed 03/29/2007 at URL http://www.fgdc.gov/standards/projects/FGDC-standards-projects/accuracy/part3/chapter3 U.S. Geological Survey, 1988, National mapping program technical instructions - Part 2: Specifications, Standards for Digital Line Graphs: U.S. Geological Survey, 56 p. 150 meters Taking all known and unknown sources of error into consideration, the horizontal positional error is deductively estimated at 150 meters. U.S. Geological Survey Unpublished Material vector digital data 24000 paper unknown publication date of source 1:24,000-scale map HA24 spatial information Peter Steeves Douglas Nebert 1994 vector digital data http://water.usgs.gov/lookup/getspatial?huc250k 250000 online 1994 publication date HUC250 spatial information Natural Resource Conservation Service 2007 tabular digital data http://www.wcc.nrcs.usda.gov/snow/ online 2007 publication date SNOTEL spatial and attribute information Western Regional Climate Center 2007 tabular digital data http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/climsum.html online 2007 publication date CLIMSUM spatial and attribute information National Climatic Data Center 2007 tabular digital data http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/stationlocator.html online 2007 publication date NCDC spatial and attribute information Nevada Division of Water Resources 2007 tabular digital data electronic mail system 2007 publication date NDWR spatial and attribute information The SNOTEL, CLIMSUM, NCDC, and NDWR precipitation station data was acquired and input into a Microsoft Access table. A point feature class was created from the table. SNOTEL CLIMSUM NCDC NDWR 2007 PrecipStation The 1:250,000-scale hydrologic units code boundaries (HUC250) for west-central Nevada and the precipitation stations (PrecipStation) were plotted on a 1:500,000-scale map to define the precipitation-zone boundaries. The boundaries were hand-drawn on the plot, largely following HUC250. Where the boundaries and HUC250 did not coincide, the boundary was drawn roughly equi-distant between precipitation stations. HUC250 PrecipStation 200704 - 200708 Where the precipitation-zone boundaries followed HUC250, and there were coincident lines present in the 1:24,000-scale hydrographic area data set (HA24), lines were copied from HA24 and pasted into the precipitation-zone boundary line (PZB_l) feature class. Otherwise, lines were copied from HUC250. Where the lines were roughly drawn, the lines were digitized on-screen. A polygon boundary used to define the extent of the precipitation zones, limited by the extent of the precipitation stations, was digitized on-screen. The fields Source and Boundary_type were added to the line feature class and populated. ArcGIS 9.2: ArcMap editing tools The data frame coordinate system was set to NAD 1983 UTM Zone 11N. HA24 HUC250 PrecipStation 200704-200708 PZB_l The ArcGIS geodatabase topology rules "must not overlap," "must not have dangles," "must not self-overlap," "must not self-intersect," and "must not intersect" were applied to PZB_l to verify and ensure topological integrity. ArcGIS 9.2: ArcCatalog>Right-click feature data set>New>Topology using the cluster tolerance of 0.0005. PZB_l 200704-200708 PZB_l Polygons (PZB_p) were created from PZB_l. The fields ZoneName and ZoneCode were added to the polygon feature class and populated. The ArcGIS geodatabase topology rules "must not overlap," "must not have gaps," and "boundary must be covered by" were applied to the precipitation-zone boundary polygons. An exception was made for the outer polygon which violated the "must not have gaps" rule. The rule "must be covered by boundary of" was applied to the precipitation-zone boundary lines. ArcGIS 9.2: ArcToolBox>Data Management>Features>Feature to Polygon ArcGIS 9.2: ArcMap editing and topology tools PZB_l 200704-200708 PZB_l and PZB_p Metadata structured and validated using the U.S. Geological Survey Geospatial Metadata Validation Service, accessed August 28, 2007 at URL http://geo-nsdi.er.usgs.gov/validation/. 200708 Vector G-Polygon 4 String 29 Entity point 106 Universal Transverse Mercator 11 0.999600 -117.000000 0.000000 500000.000000 0.000000 coordinate pair 0.000050 0.000050 meters North American Datum of 1983 Geodetic Reference System 80 6378137.000000 298.257222 PZB_p Polygon feature class ESRI OBJECTID Internal feature number. ESRI Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Shape Feature geometry. ESRI Coordinates defining the features. Shape_Length Length of feature in internal units. ESRI Positive real numbers that are automatically generated. ZoneName Name of the precipitation zone. user-defined Carson Carson precipitation zone user-defined Sierra Slope Sierra Slope precipitation zone user-defined Truckee Truckee precipitation zone user-defined Walker Walker precipitation zone user-defined ZoneCode Numeric code unique to each precipitation zone. user-defined 1 Walker precipitation zone user-defined 2 Carson precipitation zone user-defined 3 Truckee precipitation zone user-defined 4 Sierra Slope precipitation zone user-defined Shape_Area Area of feature in internal units squared. ESRI Positive real numbers that are automatically generated. PZB_l Line feature class ESRI OBJECTID Internal feature number. ESRI Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Shape Feature geometry. ESRI Coordinates defining the features. Shape_Length Length of feature in internal units. ESRI Positive real numbers that are automatically generated. Source Source scale of the line. user-defined 1:24,000-scale Line from HA24 user-defined 1:250,000-scale Line from HUC250 user-defined Generalized Line digitized on-screen user-defined Boundary_type Boundary type of the line. user-defined Outer Outer boundary line user-defined Precipitation-zone Precipitation-zone boundary line user-defined PrecipStation Point feature class ESRI OBJECTID Internal feature number. ESRI Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Shape Feature geometry. ESRI Coordinates defining the features. Name Station name. user-defined Unique names of the precipitation stations. State State where the precipitation station is located. user-defined CA California user-defined NV Nevada user-defined NumberID Alphanumeric identification of the precipitation station. user-defined Unique alphanumeric identification of the precipitation stations. Network Station network of the precipitation station. user-defined COOP National Weather Service cooperative observer station user-defined NDWR Nevada Division of Water Resources station user-defined SNOTEL SNOw TELemtry station user-defined PrecipZone Name of the precipitation zone where the preciptiation station is located. user-defined Carson Carson precipitation zone user-defined Sierra Slope Sierra Slope precipitation zone user-defined Truckee Truckee precipitation zone user-defined Walker Walker precipitation zone user-defined U.S. Geological Survey Ask USGS -- Water Webserver Team mailing address

445 National Center

Reston VA 20192 1-888-275-8747 (1-888-ASK-USGS) http://water.usgs.gov/user_feedback_form.html Although these data have been used by the U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior, no warranty expressed or implied is made by the U.S. Geological Survey as to the accuracy of the data and related materials. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the U.S. Geological Survey in the use of these data, software, or related materials. The use of firm, trade, or brand names in this report is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey. The names mentioned in this document may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective trademark owners. File Geodatabase Spatial and attribute information WinZip 9.41 http://water.usgs.gov/GIS/dsdl/jnwra_v4n2_pz.gdb.zip Shapefile Spatial and attribute information WinZip 1.23 http://water.usgs.gov/GIS/dsdl/jnwra_v4n2_pzb.shp.zip None. This data set is provided by USGS as a public service. 20071029 U.S. Geological Survey Ask USGS -- Water Webserver Team mailing address

445 National Center

Reston VA 20192 1-888-275-8747 (1-888-ASK-USGS) http://answers.usgs.gov/cgi-bin/gsanswers?pemail=h2oteam&subject=GIS+Dataset+jnwra_v4n2_pzb FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998