Toby L. Welborn Michael T. Moreo 2007 vector digital data Data Series 273 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey http://water.usgs.gov/lookup/getspatial?ds273_Ag_Irrigation Accurate delineations of irrigated acreage are needed for the development of water-use estimates and in determining water-budget calculations for the Basin and Range carbonate-rock aquifer system (BARCAS) study. ISatellite imagery from the Landsat Thematic Mapper and Enhanced Thematic Mapper platforms were used to delineate irrigated acreage on a field-by-field basis for the entire study area. Six hundred and forty-three fields were delineated. The water source, irrigation system, crop type, and field activity for 2005 were identified and verified through field reconnaissance. Delineated irrigated acreage was used to determine irrigation water use in the Basin and Range Carbonate Aquifer System study area. Delineated irrigated acreage data are based on Landsat satellite data. Landsat data were acquired for the dates of July 12, 2005, July 3, 2005, August 21, 2002, August 12, 2002, May 3, 2000, June 4, 2000, April 24, 2000, and May 10, 2000. 20000424 20000503 20000510 20000604 20020812 20020821 20050703 20050712 ground condition Complete None planned -116.034926 -113.676000 40.302025 37.987253 agriculture irrigated acreage irrigation basin and range carbonate-rock aquifer system Landsat inlandWaters Basin and Range carbonate-rock aquifer study White Pine County eastern Nevada western Utah Basin and Range Butte Valley Cave Valley Jakes Valley Lake Valley Little Smoky Valley Long Valley Newark Valley Snake Valley Spring Valley Steptoe Valley Tippett Valley White River Valley none Although this Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) compliant metadata file is intended to document the data set in nonproprietary form, as well as ArcGIS format, this metadata file may include some ArcGIS-specific terminology. These data are not intended to be used as a survey product and are for reference purposes only. U.S. Geological Survey Public Information Assistant mailing and physical address

2730 N. Deer Run Road

Carson City NV 89701 USA (775) 887-7600 (775) 887-7629 GS-W-NVpublic-info@usgs.gov Acknowledgment of the U.S. Geological Survey and the Bureau of Land Management would be appreciated in products derived from these data. Microsoft Windows XP Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 2; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.2.2.1350 Welch, A.H. Bright, D.J. 2007 document Open-File Report 2007-1156 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5261/ W.G. Kepner T.D. Sajwaj D.F. Bradford E.J. Evanson 2005 raster digital data U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development Las Vegas, NV accessed April 24, 2007 http://www.epa.gov/nerlesd1/land-sci/gap.htm J.E. Vogelmann S.M. Howard L. Lang C.R. Larson B.K. Wylie J.N. Van Driel 2001 raster digital data Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing v. 67 All attempts were made to verify 100 percent of the digital attribute data with the source(s) where applicable. Verification was done by interactive on-screen review. Frequency tests were performed on all feature class attributes to check that no features were unlabeled, misspelled, or inconsistent. Field delineations were checked against Nevada Division of Water Resources State Crop Inventories. Crop inventory estimates differed from Landsat delineations by an average of 12 percent (21 percent in 2000, 6 percent in 2002, and 9 percent in 2005). Of the 38,800 acres delineated as irrigated, field verification indicated 12 percent were erroneously identified. Irrigated acreage that was not delineated was associated with irregularly shaped fields or fields that were missed during the delineation process. Erroneously delineated fields generally were associated with incorrect identification of wetlands, irrigated field run off, and rectangular and circular shaped areas that were no longer in use. The logical consistency topologically is clean. Using ArcGIS topology tools all polygons were checked to gaps and overlaps. In the ArcGIS geodatabase, the topology rules have been removed. Complete Irrigated acreage delineations are derived from 30 m Landsat imagery. Horizontal accuracy is limited to RMS values of georeferenced Landsat scenes. Not applicable. U.S. Geological Survey 2000 - 2005 remote-sensing image http://glovis.usgs.gov/ imagery 20000424 20000503 20000510 20000604 20020812 20020821 20050703 20050712 ground condition Landsat imagery source for irrigated acreage delineations Landsat satellite data are distributed as scenes defined by row and path numbers that image more than 13,000 mi2. Six multipath scenes were assembled to encompass the study area. Scenes were selected on the basis of the time the image was taken in relation to peak crop potential and a minimum of cloud cover interference (table 2). Each scene was georeferenced by defining the images’ geographic locations in a coordinate system. The 2000 imagery was georeferenced by the USGS in 2000 and 2001 using 1:24,000 USGS topographic maps and digital orthophoto quarter quadrangles (DOQQ) and 30 to 40 ground-control points per scene. The root mean square (RMS) error for scenes ranged from 66 to 82 ft. The 2002 imagery acquired for the BARCAS study was purchased in a georeferenced format from the Earth Resources Observation Systems (EROS) Data Center (EDC). The EDC used a terrain correction algorithm that uses ground-control points and a digital-elevation model (DEM) that results in an RMS error of less than 100 ft to georeference the data. The 2005 imagery was georeferenced by the USGS using the geocorrected 2000 imagery as a reference data set. Geometric corrections were applied using a first-order polynomial equation. Thirty to forty control points were used per scene, and the overall RMS error was 100 ft. Multipath imagery from each year was used to create 2000, 2002, and 2005 color balanced mosaics of the study area. Landsat 2005 Landsat Image band combinations were manipulated in the GIS to highlight relations and differences in the spectral intensity of multiple bands of the electromagnetic spectrum between irrigated acreage and the surrounding land covers. Bands 2, 3, and 4 were combined to create a false color infrared composite to distinguish healthy, chlorophyll-rich vegetation. Because vegetation absorbs visible red wavelengths, healthy, irrigated vegetation appears bright red in an infrared composite and contrasts strongly with the arid rangeland and bare soils. Bands 1, 4, and 7 were combined to create a false color composite that enhanced the red wavelengths associated with chlorophyll production. Bands 1, 2, and 3 were combined to form a natural color composite. Natural color and false color composites allowed visual distinctions between uniform irrigated acreages and mottled natural vegetation. A normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI) transformation also was developed and used to compare irrigated acreages and to further guide the delineation process. The NDVI helped distinguish between healthy and unhealthy vegetation and plant density by quantifying the difference in the reflected intensity of near-infrared (NIR) and visible red (R) wavelength. Landsat 2005 CIR, FC, NC, NDVI Irrigated acreage was manually delineated as circular and rectangular polygons from processed digital images. Each of the imagery band combinations was used during the delineation process. Supplemental GIS data sets were used to aid in the delineation process. For this study, SWReGAP data sets (Kepner and others, 2005), the 1992 National Land Cover Database (Vogelmann and others, 2001), and USGS DOQQs, were used as secondary guides in the delineation process. Irrigated acreage was delineated for 2000, 2002, and 2005 on the basis of the following criteria: (1) visual designation from imagery band combinations, (2) uniform shape, (3) proximity to irrigation wells from the Nevada Division of Water Resources well log database and the Utah Division of Water Rights point of diversion database , and (4) proximity to crop inventory irrigated acreages. Landsat, CIR, FC, NC, NDVI 2005 Ag_Irrigation Delineated irrigated acreage in 2005 was field verified from September 26 to 29 and November 1 to 3 , 2005. Fields were visited to confirm that irrigation had occurred in remotely delineated polygons. The irrigation method, crop type, and water source for each field also was inventoried. Ag_Irrigation 2005 Ag_Irrigation ArcGIS geodatabase topology rules must not overlap and must not have gaps were applied to the irrigated acreage polygons to check topological accuracy. Ag_Irrigation 2006 Ag_Irrigation Field attribute data was removed to a separate table for database design efficiency. Ag_Irrigation 2006 tbl_Irr_2005 Zonal statistics were used to determine mean seasonal potential evapotranspiration for each irrigated acreage Field_ID for annual, long growing season (April to October), and short growing season (April to September) from summed monthly mean potential evapotranspiration rasters from Flint and Flint (in press). Ag_Irrigation 2006 tbl_Zonal_Mean Zonal statistics were used to determine mean seasonal precipitation for each irrigated acreage Field_ID for annual, long growing season (April to October), and short growing season (April to September) from summed revised PRISM monthly precipitation rasters from Flint and Flint (in press). Ag_Irrigation 2006 tbl_Zonal_Mean 0 - 20% Vector G-polygon 908 Universal Transverse Mercator 11 0.999600 -117.000000 0.000000 500000.000000 0.000000 coordinate pair 0.002687 0.002687 meters North American Datum of 1983 Geodetic Reference System 80 6378137.000000 298.257222 Not specified 0.000010 Not specified Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates Ag_Irrigation Delineated Irrigated Acreage Polygon Feature Class ESRI OBJECTID Internal feature number. ESRI IDs that are automatically generated. SHAPE Feature geometry. ESRI Coordinates defining the features. Ir_ID Unique ID for a delineated irrigated acreage polygon USGS Unique ID Field_ID Unique ID for designated irrigated fields. Concatenation of hyd_area and field number. For example, a field delineated as irrigated that changed geometry between 2000 and 2002 in Newark Valley would have multiple polygons with the same Field_ID of 154_1. USGS Unique Field ID Hyd_Area Hydrographic area number USGS 154 Newark Valley USGS 155A Little Smoky Valley USGS 174 Jakes Valley USGS 175 Long Valley USGS 178B Butte Valley USGS 179 Steptoe Valley USGS 180 Cave Valley USGS 183 Lake Valley USGS 184 Spring Valley USGS 185 Tippett Valley USGS 207 White River Valley USGS 254 Snake Valley USGS Sub_Basin Concatenation of hydrographic area number and subbasin number. Subbasin numbers are from 01 to 05. For example, 15401 would be Newark Valley, first subbasin. USGS Sub_Basin HA_StudyArea Irr_2000 Irrigated or Nonirrigated Description USGS 0 Not Irrigated USGS 1 Irrigated USGS 20000524 20000604 Irr_2002 Irrigated or Nonirrigated Description USGS 0 Not Irrigated USGS 1 Irrigated USGS 20020812 20020821 Irr_2005 Irrigated or Nonirrigated Description USGS 0 Not Irrigated USGS 1 Irrigated USGS 20050703 20050712 Acres Area of feature in acres USGS Areal value in acres. SHAPE_Length Length of feature in internal units. ESRI Positive real numbers that are automatically generated. SHAPE_Area Area of feature in internal units squared. ESRI Positive real numbers that are automatically generated. rel_Ag_Irrigation_tbl_Irr_2005 Relationship to 2005 Irrigated Acreage Attributes Table Field Verification rel_Ag_Irrigation_tbl_Zonal_Mean Relationship to Zonal Mean Table with Potential Evapotranspiration and Precipitation values SIR 2007-5099 Geometry and irrigation flag for delineated irrigated acreage in the Basin and Range carbonate-rock aquifer system study area. USGS U.S. Geological Survey Ask USGS Water Webserver Team Address mailing

445 National Center

Reston VA 20192 1-888-275-8747 (1-888-ASK-USGS) http://water.usgs.gov/user_feedback_form.html Although this data set has been used by the U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior, no warranty expressed or implied is made by the U.S. Geological Survey as to the accuracy of the data and related materials. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the U.S. Geological Survey in the use of this data, software, or related materials. The use of firm, trade, or brand names in this report is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey. The names mentioned in this document may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective trademark owners. Online Publication Web Page Information Web Publication Web Page Information Online publication http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/2007/273/ Shapefile 2007 Spatial and attribute information WinZip 2.00 http://water.usgs.gov/GIS/dsdl/DS273_IrrigatedAcreage_Shape.zip None. This dataset is provided by USGS as a public service. 20051026 20070706 U.S. Geological Survey Ask USGS -- Water Webserver Team mailing

445 National Center

Reston VA 20192 1-888-275-8747 (1-888-ASK-USGS) http://answers.usgs.gov/cgi-bin/gsanswers?pemail=h2oteam&subject=GIS+Dataset+ds273_Ag_Irrigation FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998