Bryan Schaap 2004 vector digital data Data Series USGS DS 102 Rapid City, South Dakota U.S. Geological Survey Figure 5 (sheet 1) in Howells (1982) was scanned and digitized on-screen to create this coverage. This figure was published at a scale of about 1:250,000. http://water.usgs.gov/lookup/getspatial?ds102_surf_geology This coverage contains information about the surficial geology for the area within the Standing Rock Indian Reservation, Sioux County, North Dakota, and Corson County, South Dakota. Identified units include: 1) alluvium, terrace, outwash, colluvium, eolian deposits, and buried-valley fill; 2) glacial till; 3) Fort Union Formation; 4) Hell Creek Formation; 5) Fox Hills Formation; and 6) Pierre Shale. The digital data were produced by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Figure 5 in Howells (1982) was scanned and digitized on-screen to create this coverage. See cross reference information for more detail. According to the map credit for figure 5, the geology for Sioux County was based on soil maps prepared by the U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs (1959), data collected by Randich (1975), and a geologic map by Carlson (1978). The geology for Corson County was based on soil maps prepared by the U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs (1959) and unpublished maps of the U.S. Soil Conservation Service, modified by test drilling and field reconnaissance. The following definitions were used for figure 5. Alluvium, terrace, outwash, colluvium, eolian deposits, and buried-valley fill-- The small scale prevents differentiating these deposits on this map. Alluvium is water-laid material deposited on flood plains and valleys of rivers and streams. Most of the material is clay, silt, and fine sand but there is some coarser material. Terraces are older alluvial deposits that now are above the level of the flood plain because the stream has eroded its valley deeper since deposition of the sediment. Outwash was deposited in streams and lakes formed by melting glaciers. Maximum thickness of alluvium or outwash is less than 120 feet; of terraces, more than 50 feet. Colluvium is landslide and slumpage detritus, commonly deposited at the foot of the steep slopes. The material usually is fragments of shale, silt, and sand, but may include gravel or sandstone cobbles from terraces or sandstone beds capping higher benches or buttes. Deposits may exceed 100 feet in thickness. Eolian deposits are windblown material, mostly silt and fine sand, but include some clay and, in some areas, much medium sand. Deposits are as much as 20 feet thick, but a thin coating, as little as a fraction of an inch thick, overlies most of the area. Buried valley fill is mostly glacial stream and outwash deposits but includes some till. The material is mostly moderately-sorted gravel, sand, silt, and clay. Maximum thickness locally exceeds 300 feet. Quaternary Period. Glacial till -- Deposited beneath or at the margins of the continental glaciers. The material is a heterogeneous mixture of sizes from clay to boulders. Maximum thickness probably is less than 40 feet. Quaternary Period. Fort Union Formation -- Gray to buff interbedded very fine to medium-grained sandstone, siltstone, claystone, silty clay, and shale; thin carbonaceous or lignitic beds near the base. Contains three widely persistent sandstone beds. Maximum thickness is greater than 400 feet. Tertiary Period. Hell Creek Formation -- Somber-colored, soft clay shale and buff to gray, weakly-cemented, coarse- to fine-grained sandstone and siltstone. Contains lignitic lenses and thin, black carbonaceous shale beds. Maximum thickness may be greater than 400 feet. Cretaceous Period. Fox Hills Formation -- Dark- to light-gray silty and sandy clay, clayey silt, and very fine-grained sandstone; overlain, in Corson County, by dark-gray to yellowish-orange, weakly-cemented, very fine-grained sandstone. The upper part of the formation is a thinly-bedded sequence of clay, silt, and sand, that contains discontinuous beds of silica-cemented very fine-grained sandstone. Contacts between the Hell Creek and Pierre Shale are gradational. Maximum thickness is about 400 feet. Cretaceous Period. Pierre Shale -- Gray to brown, tough, gummy to friable shale, noncalcareous to highly calcareous, contains widely persistent zones of bentonite and of iron manganese or limestone concretions. Where exposed at the surface, the top few feet commonly is weathered. Maximum thickness is about 1,400 feet. Cretaceous Period. This coverage was prepared to assist the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe in developing a pesticide management plan. This electronic report was subjected to the same review standard that applies to all U.S. Geological Survey reports. Reviewers were asked to check the topological consistency, tolerances, attribute frequencies and statistics, projection and geographic extent. The reviewers checked the metadata and readme files for completeness and accuracy. Although this Federal Geographic Data Committee-compliant metadata file is intended to document the data set in nonproprietary form, as well as in ARC/INFO format, this metadata file may include some ARC/INFO-specific terminology. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsements by the U.S. Government. 1982 ground condition Complete None planned -102.051544 -100.313436 46.430408 45.441269 None. geology inlandWaters Standing Rock Indian Reservation, Sioux County, North Dakota, Corson County, South Dakota Alluvium, terrace, outwash, colluvium, eolian deposits, buried-valley fill, glacial till, Fort Union Formation, Hell Creek Formation, Fox Hills Formation, Pierre Shale Quaternary, Tertiary, Cretaceous None. None. U.S. Geological Survey Bryan Schaap Hydrologist 605-352-4241 605-352-4304 bdschaap@usgs.gov Compilation of this coverage and associated metadata was performed in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Microsoft Windows 2000 Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 1; ESRI ArcCatalog 8.3.0.800 L.W. Howells 1982 map Hydrologic Investigations Atlas U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Investigations Atlas HA-644 U.S. Geological Survey The base map was 1:250,000 USGS quadrangles. Polygon and chain-node topology are present. This data set consists of polygons representing areas covered by surficial geologic units within the Standing Rock Indian Reservation, Sioux County, North Dakota, and Corson County, South Dakota. L.W. Howells 1982 map Hydrologic Investigations Atlas U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Investigations Atlas HA-644 U.S. Geological Survey The base map was 1:250,000 quadrangles. 1:250,000 paper This product is the digital version of the surficial geology depicted in Sheet 1, figure 5, of HA-644. Step 1: The map was scanned by the South Dakota Geological Survey and the image file was sent to the USGS on a CD. STEP 2: The image file was registered using 22 points with an rms of 78.1 meters. A new rectified image was created with a cell size of 22.7 meters using the nearest neighbor option. STEP 3: An arc coverage was created by digitizing on-screen using the rectified image file as the background. STEP 4: The arc coverage was converted to a polygon coverage using the build command. 20040614 08584700 Bryan Schaap U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologist mailing and physical address

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Huron South Dakota 57350 USA 605-352-4241 605-352-4304 bdschaap@usgs.gov The first draft of the metadata was created by Bryan Schaap using ArcCatalog on ARC/INFO data set /home/bds/standing_rock/report/surf_geology. 2004 Vector Complete chain 1327 Label point 539 GT-polygon composed of chains 539 Point 4 Universal Transverse Mercator 14 0.999600 -99.000000 0.000000 500000.000000 0.000000 coordinate pair 0.000256 0.000256 meters North American Datum of 1983 Geodetic Reference System 80 6378137.000000 298.257222 surf_geology.aat FID Internal feature number. ESRI Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Shape Feature geometry. ESRI Coordinates defining the features. FNODE# Internal node number for the beginning of an arc (from-node). ESRI Whole numbers that are automatically generated. TNODE# Internal node number for the end of an arc (to-node). ESRI Whole numbers that are automatically generated. LPOLY# Internal node number for the left polygon. ESRI Whole numbers that are automatically generated. RPOLY# Internal node number for the right polygon. ESRI Whole numbers that are automatically generated. LENGTH Length of feature in internal units. ESRI Whole numbers that are automatically generated. SURF_GEOLOGY# Internal feature number. ESRI Whole numbers that are automatically generated. SURF_GEOLOGY-ID User-defined feature number. ESRI Whole numbers that are automatically generated. surf_geology.pat FID Internal feature number. ESRI Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Shape Feature geometry. ESRI Coordinates defining the features. AREA Area of feature in internal units squared. ESRI Positive real numbers that are automatically generated. PERIMETER Perimeter of feature in internal units. ESRI Positive real numbers that are automatically generated. SURF_GEOLOGY# Internal feature number. ESRI Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. SURF_GEOLOGY-ID User-defined feature number. ESRI Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. GEOLOGIC_UNIT Howells (1982), sheet 1, figure 5 Alluvium, terrace, outwash, colluvium, eolian deposits, and buried-valley fill The small scale prevents differentiating these deposits on this map. Alluvium is water-laid material deposited on flood plains and valleys of rivers and streams. Most of the material is clay, silt, and fine sand but there is some coarser material. Terraces are older alluvial deposits that now are above the level of the flood plain because the stream has eroded its valley deeper since deposition of the sediment. Outwash was deposited in streams and lakes formed by melting glaciers. Maximum thickness of alluvium or outwash is less than 120 feet; of terraces, more than 50 feet. Colluvium is landslide and slumpage detritus, commonly deposited at the foot of the steep slopes. The material usually is fragments of shale, silt, and sand, but may include gravel or sandstone cobbles from terraces or sandstone beds capping higher benches or buttes. Deposits may exceed 100 feet in thickness. Eolian deposits are windblown material, mostly silt and fine sand, but include some clay and, in some areas, much medium sand. Deposits are as much as 20 feet thick, but a thin coating, as little as a fraction of an inch thick, overlies most of the area. Buried valley fill is mostly glacial stream and outwash deposits but includes some till. The material is mostly moderately-sorted gravel, sand, silt, and clay. Maximum thickness locally exceeds 300 feet. Quaternary Period. Howells (1982), sheet 1, figure 5 Glacial till Deposited beneath or at the margins of the continental glaciers. The material is a heterogeneous mixture of sizes from clay to boulders. Maximum thickness probably is less than 40 feet. Quaternary Period. Howells (1982), sheet 1, figure 5 Fort Union Formation Gray to buff interbedded very fine to medium-grained sandstone, siltstone, claystone, silty clay, and shale; thin carbonaceous or lignitic beds near the base. Contains three widely persistent sandstone beds. Maximum thickness is greater than 400 feet. Tertiary Period. Howells (1982), sheet 1, figure 5 Hell Creek Formation Somber-colored, soft clay shale and buff to gray, weakly-cemented, coarse- to fine-grained sandstone and siltstone. Contains lignitic lenses and thin, black carbonaceous shale beds. Maximum thickness may be greater than 400 feet. Cretaceous Period. Howells (1982), sheet 1, figure 5 Fox Hills Formation Dark- to light-gray silty and sandy clay, clayey silt, and very fine-grained sandstone; overlain, in Corson County, by dark-gray to yellowish-orange, weakly-cemented, very fine-grained sandstone. The upper part of the formation is a thinly-bedded sequence of clay, silt, and sand, that contains discontinuous beds of silica-cemented very fine-grained sandstone. Contacts between the Hell Creek and Pierre Shale are gradational. Maximum thickness is about 400 feet. Cretaceous Period. Howells (1982), sheet 1, figure 5 Pierre Shale Gray to brown, tough, gummy to friable shale, noncalcareous to highly calcareous, contains widely persistent zones of bentonite and of iron manganese or limestone concretions. Where exposed at the surface, the top few feet commonly is weathered. Maximum thickness is about 1,400 feet. Cretaceous Period. Howells (1982), sheet 1, figure 5 U.S. Geological Survey Ask USGS - Water Webserver Team mailing

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Reston VA 20192 1-888-275-8747 (1-888-ASK-USGS) http://water.usgs.gov/user_feedback_form.html Although this data set has been used by the U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior, no warranty expressed or implied is made by the U.S. Geological Survey as to the accuracy of the data and related materials. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the U.S. Geological Survey in the use of this data, software, or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Export Full coverage zipped 1 http://water.usgs.gov/GIS/dsdl/surf_geology.e00.gz None. This dataset is provided by USGS as a public service. 20041108 U.S. Geological Survey Ask USGS -- Water Webserver Team mailing

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Reston VA 20192 1-888-275-8747 (1-888-ASK-USGS) http://answers.usgs.gov/cgi-bin/gsanswers?pemail=h2oteam&subject=GIS+Dataset+ds102_surf_geology FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998