Lower Columbia Estuary Partnership Charles M. Cannon Mary F. Ramirez Danelle W. Heatwole Jennifer L. Burke Charles A. Simenstad Jim E. O'Connor Keith Marcoe 2012 vector digital data Reston, Virginia U.S. Geological Survey http://water.usgs.gov/lookup/getspatial?creec_cultural_features Estuarine ecosystems are controlled by a variety of processes that operate at multiple spatial and temporal scales. Understanding the hierarchical nature of these processes will aid in prioritization of restoration efforts. This hierarchical Columbia River Estuary Ecosystem Classification (henceforth "Classification") of the Columbia River estuary is a spatial database of the tidally-influenced reaches of the lower Columbia River, the tidally affected parts of its tributaries, and the landforms that make up their floodplains for the 230 kilometers between the Pacific Ocean and Bonneville Dam. This work is a collaborative effort between University of Washington School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences (henceforth "UW"), U.S. Geological Survey (henceforth "USGS"), and the Lower Columbia Estuary Partnership (henceforth "EP"). Consideration of geomorphologic processes will improve the understanding of controlling physical factors that drive ecosystem evolution along the tidal Columbia River. The mapping extent is the interpreted Holocene geologic floodplain of the tidal Columbia River and its tributaries to the estimated head of tide. Cultural features within the Holocene floodplain were mapped by visual interpretation of Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) topography supplemented with aerial photographs and U.S. Geological Survey topographic maps. Mapped cultural features are classified as to their purpose when constructed. Because features were drawn based on LiDAR topography, only features with a significant topographic expression are mapped. This inventory of cultural features is a supplement to the hierarchical Columbia River Estuary Ecosystem Classification, and is intended to improve the understanding of factors that control ecosystem evolution. 2009 ground condition Complete None planned -124.091448 -121.900868 46.403348 45.315115 None inlandWaters LiDAR ecosystem estuary classification cultural Geographic Names Information System Columbia River Oregon Washington Clatsop County Columbia County Multnomah County Clackamas County Skamania County Clark County Cowlitz County Wahkiakum County Pacific County None Lower Columbia River Basin None The Lower Columbia Estuary Partnership, U.S. Geological Survey, and University of Washington School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences should be acknowledged as the data source in products derived from these data. Keith Marcoe Lower Columbia Estuary Partnership GIS Specialist mailing address

811 SW Naito Parkway, Suite 410

Portland OR 97204 USA 503-226-1565 N/A N/A kmarcoe@lcrep.org (Warning: Although accurate at the time of production, this information may have become obsolete. See the Metadata_Reference_Information section for a current contact.) http://water.usgs.gov/GIS/browse/CREEC_Cultural_Features.jpg Illustration of data set JPEG This database was created by personnel from U.S. Geological Survey, University of Washington School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, and the Lower Columbia Estuary Partnership under the guidance of the Lower Columbia Estuary Partnership. Funding for this work was provided by Bonneville Power Administration. Microsoft Windows XP Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 3; ESRI ArcGIS 10.0.2.3200 Features were generally interpreted at a scale of 1:5,000 and digitized at scales ranging from 1:2,000 to 1:5,000, using the 1-meter resolution LiDAR topography as a base. Mapping has been reviewed by team members. Data are topologically correct in ArcGIS. Topology rules were used to edit features and verify that polygons were completely enclosed. Only topographically distinct features were mapped. Features were interpreted and digitized at scales ranging from 1:2,000 to 1:5,000, using the the 1-meter resolution LiDAR topography as a base. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers David C. Smith & Associates Watershed Sciences, Inc. Lower Columbia River Estuary Partnership 2010 raster digital data Digital terrain model consisting of 1-meter resolution gridded LiDAR topography acquired 2009-2010 and bathymetry from various collections. Most bathymetry was collected between 1990 and 2010, but some was collected in the 1930s and 1940s. disc 1930 2010 ground condition DTM2010 Topographic base for landform mapping and depth-based channel classification USDA-FSA Aerial Photography Field Office 2009 remote-sensing image Salt Lake City, Utah USDA_FSA_APFO Aerial Photography Field Office preliminary compressed county mosaics of one-meter resolution color orthophotographs http://www.oregonexplorer.info/imagery/ aerial photography 20090623 20090627 ground condition OR NAIP2009 Base image for interpretation U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation & Science Center (EROS) unknown USGS Digital Raster Graphics various Sioux Falls U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation & Science Center (EROS) Digital Raster Graphics (DRGs) are scanned color images of USGS topographic maps. http://earthexplorer.usgs.gov 24,000 online 1949 1995 publication date DRG General reference used as an aid to identify water and wetland features Cultural feature mapping 1. Gridded bare earth LiDAR topography (DTM2010) was mosaiced using ArcGIS. 2. Slope and profile curvature rasters were derived from the bare earth mosaic. 3. The bare earth mosaics were converted from North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88) to Columbia River Datum (CRD). This was accomplished by applying a conversion at each river mile above river mile 22. At and below river mile 22, no conversion was applied. The conversion factor was based on elevations obtained from USACE (1978) to convert from National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD29) to CRD. These conversions were assigned to river mile points and converted to NAVD88 values using the VDatum utility from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The conversions were assigned to polygons drawn orthogonal to a modified version of the NHD flowline representing the Columbia River at one mile intervals. The polygons were converted to a raster of the same resolution as the bare earth mosaics and added to the bare earth mosaics to obtain rasters with elevations relative to CRD. 4. Topography was visualized using the slope raster, overlain by transparent profile curvature and CRD elevation rasters. Slope was symbolized with a color ramp where white to black corresponded to 0 to 90 degrees. Profile curvature was symbolized over the interval -0.2 to 0.2 inverse meters with a "Hot to Cold Diverging" color ramp so that concave slope breaks were red and convex slope breaks were blue. The CRD elevation raster was symbolized with the ‘Elevation’ color ramp in ArcGIS version 10.0 over the interval 0 to 12.2 m (40 ft) above CRD. 5. Most cultural features were digitized by drawing polylines in an ESRI file geodatabase (version 10.0) feature class. The lines were drawn using breaks in slope wherever possible. 6. Ditches were digitized as a centerline and buffered to five meters from the centerline. The resultant polygons converted to lines and were manually adjusted as needed to avoid overlap and sliver polygons. Manual adjustments were also made to improve connectivity at confluences with channels at the catena level. 7. An ESRI geodatabase topology rule of "no dangles" was used for line editing. This required that both ends of every line connected to another line and ensured that all polygons were completely enclosed. 8. Floodplain features were attributed using a point feature class. 9. The line and point feature classes were converted to polygons using the "Feature To Polygon" tool in ArcToolbox. 10. The polygons were dissolved by the class name. DTM2010 OR NAIP2009 WA NAIP2009 DRG 2010-2012 Charles Cannon U.S. Geological Survey Student Trainee (hydrology) mailing address

2130 SW 5th Avenue

Portland OR 97201 USA 503-251-3273 ccannon@usgs.gov (Warning: Although accurate at the time of production, this information may have become obsolete. See the Metadata_Reference_Information section for a current contact.) Vector GT-polygon composed of chains 9798 NAD 1983 Lambert Conformal Conic 43.0 45.5 -120.5 41.75 400000.0 0.0 coordinate pair 0.000020372472844767522 0.000020372472844767522 Meter D North American 1983 GRS 1980 6378137.0 298.257222101 CREEC_Cultural_Features Columbia River Estuary Ecosystem Classification cultural feature classification Columbia River Estuary Ecosystem Classification OBJECTID Internal feature number. ESRI Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. SHAPE Feature geometry. ESRI Coordinates defining the features. Class Cultural feature classification. Cultural features were drawn based solely on LiDAR topography and identified by their geometry, appearance in aerial photographs, or depiction on U.S. Geological Survey 1:24,000 scale topographic maps. The class designation does not imply that the mapped features are currently functional. Columbia River Estuary Ecosystem Classification Dam Fill with a body of water on the up-slope side Columbia River Estuary Ecosystem Classification Ditch Excavated linear channels, generally about ten meters wide, may be only seasonally wet Columbia River Estuary Ecosystem Classification Excavation/cut Areas that have been excavated, including road/railroad cuts Columbia River Estuary Ecosystem Classification Fill Undifferentiated fill, includes built-up industrial areas, dredge spoils, piles of excavated materials. May include other cultural fill units, particularly in developed areas Columbia River Estuary Ecosystem Classification Fish passage structure Fish ladders Columbia River Estuary Ecosystem Classification Jetty/Groin Rock fill structure with water on most sides Columbia River Estuary Ecosystem Classification Levee Dikes and Levees Columbia River Estuary Ecosystem Classification Navigation Lock Locks at Bonneville Dam Columbia River Estuary Ecosystem Classification Other water Miscellaneous artificial water bodies Columbia River Estuary Ecosystem Classification Railroad Topography associated with railroads Columbia River Estuary Ecosystem Classification Road fill Topography associated with roads Columbia River Estuary Ecosystem Classification Wastewater treatment Wastewater treatment ponds, often elevated above floodplain Columbia River Estuary Ecosystem Classification Shape_Length Length of feature in meters. ESRI Positive real numbers that are automatically generated. Shape_Area Area of feature in meters squared. ESRI Positive real numbers that are automatically generated. This cultural feature dataset is an identification of features with a topographic expression, and serves as a supplement to the Columbia River Estuary Ecosystem Classification described by Simenstad and others (2011). Simenstad, C.A., Burke, J.L., Jim E. O'Connor, J.E., Cannon, C., Heatwole, D.W., Ramirez, M.F., Waite, I.R., Counihan, T.D., and Jones, K.L., 2011, Columbia River Estuary Ecosystem Classification—Concept and Application: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1228, 54 p. U.S. Geological Survey Ask USGS -- Water Webserver Team mailing address

445 National Center

Reston VA 20192 USA 1-888-275-8747 (1-888-ASK-USGS) http://water.usgs.gov/user_feedback_form.html Downloadable Data Although these data have been used by the U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior, no warranty expressed or implied is made by the U.S. Geological Survey as to the accuracy of the data. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the U.S. Geological Survey in the use of these data, software, or related materials. The use of firm, trade, or brand names in this report is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey. The names mentioned in this document may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective trademark owners. ESRI Geodatabase Feature Class PKZIP compression Winzip 13 http://water.usgs.gov/GIS/dsdl/Columbia_River_Estuary_Ecosystem_Classification.zip None. This dataset is provided by USGS as a public service. 20120703 U.S. Geological Survey Ask USGS -- Water Webserver Team mailing address

445 National Center

Reston VA 20192 USA 1-888-275-8747 (1-888-ASK-USGS) http://answers.usgs.gov/cgi-bin/gsanswers?pemail=h2oteam&subject=GIS+Dataset+creec_cultural_features FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998