Estimates of agricultural expenses in counties in the conterminous United States as reported in the 1987 Census of Agriculture

Battaglin, W.A., and Goolsby, D.A. 1994 Estimates of agricultural expenses in counties in the conterminous United States as reported in the 1987 Census of Agriculture 1.0 Series_Name WRIR-94 Issue_Identification 4176 Lakewood, CO USGS http://water.usgs.gov/lookup/getspatial?ag_expn This coverage contains estimates of agricultural expenses in counties in the conterminous United States as reported in the 1987 Census of Agriculture (U.S. Department of Commerce, 1989a). Agricultural expenses data are reported in thousands of dollars. Agricultural expenses estimates were generated from surveys of all farms where $1,000 or more of agricultural products were sold, or normally would have been sold, during the census year. Most of the attributes summarized represent 1987 data, but some information from the 1982 Census of Agriculture also was included. The polygons representing county boundaries in the conterminous United States, as well as lakes, estuaries, and other nonland-area features were derived from the Digital Line Graph (DLG) files representing the 1:2,000,000-scale map in the National Atlas of the United States (1970). Agricultural expenses Census of Agriculture Counties United States The agricultural expenses data in this coverage are intend for use in estimating regional agricultural expenses, and in producing visual displays and mapping relative amounts of agricultural expenses across broad regions of the United States. Procedures_Used: CENSUS DATA An automated procedure was developed for processing the raw census data into ARC/INFO coverage attributes. The procedure is summarized below: 1) copy county2m coverage to coverage representing type of census data (i.e. ag_expn or ag_land), 2) run agadd.aml for each item added to the coverage, giving coverage name and attribute field number as arguments. The agadd.aml program runs a fortran program to extract field data from the raw census data files, and then processes that raw data finally adding it as a column of attribute data to the county coverage. Other programs were developed to calculate summary statistics of the census attribute data, and to make graphics representing attribute values across the United States. COUNTY BOUNDARIES This series of maps was published as part of the National Atlas of the United States (U.S.Geological Survey, 1970). The maps for the conterminous United States were digitized in 15 sheets and published in the Digital Line Graph (DLG) format as described by Domeratz and others (1983). Each sheet was prepared by reading the DLG files of the political and water bodies layers, converting them to ARC/INFO, extracting the county boundaries and the coastline, respectively, and joining the two layers. FIPS codes were assigned to all polygons by using available sources and were checked manually. Boundaries with adjacent sheets of the 15-sheet set were edgematched manually, arbitrarily choosing one of the sheets as the "correct" border. Edgematching operations adjusted the linework as far as was necessary so that the coverages would fit to a tolerance of 100 meters. The coverage (referred to herein as Version 1.0) was stored as 49 separate coverages (48 States and the District of Columbia) because the ARC/INFO software in use at the time could not process the entire coverage. Individual States could be joined by specifying a tolerance of 100 meters. From time to time, adjustments were made to the State coverages to reflect changes in U.S. counties. It is believed the accuracy of these adjustments is comparable to the original linework. For Version 2.0, all State coverages were rejoined and manually edited to produce a perfect edgematch between all States. For States on the original map sheet boundaries, this adjustment averaged less than 20 meters and in no case was more than 100 meters. The whole coverage was CLEANed to a tolerance of 20 meters, which resulted in few, if any, effects on small offshore islands. The coverage also was checked to ensure that it represented current U.S. counties or county equivalents. The coverage in Version 1.0 stopped at the coastline. There was no attempt to depict offshore areas. This created some problems when the coverage was used to assign county codes to sampling stations located near the coast. To help in this matter, Version 2.0 includes offshore extensions of the county polygons. The (water) boundaries of many of these polygons are arbitrary. The Canadian Great Lakes features are another new addition to Version 2.0. They were added to improve the utility of the coverage for visual displays. Although the Canadian Great Lakes are logically represented by a single polygon, practical considerations -- the inability of some software to plot polygons with a large number of vertices -- made it necessary to separate them into four polygons. The dividing lines are located in narrow channels to minimize interference with plotting patterns. Canadian islands within the Great Lakes also were included. All ticks were relocated to places that are easily visible on maps of the United States, to help in registering maps that may not otherwise have adequate registration information. To expedite accessing parts of the coverage, certain items have been indexed with the procedure, INDEX_COUNTY.AML. See Section 3 above. A spatial index also was created. When using this coverage to clip or intersect other coverages, a tolerance as low as 2 meters can be used. The processing used to derive this coverage moved boundaries from their positions on the original maps. In cases of conflicting lines, preference was given to forming the correct topology. Strictly speaking, this coverage is not identical to the source materials. These changes were unavoidable in producing a continuous coverage of the conterminous United States. Revisions: COUNTY POLYGON DATA Revision 1.0, 12/17/90. This revision represents numerous corrections and minor modifications made to this set of coverages from its construction in 1985 through the revision date. Revision 2.0, 3/18/91. Major reworking of the coverage, combining all State coverages. Reviews_Applied_to_Data: The Census of Agriculture data processing procedure and attribute data have been peer reviewed in 1993 by Leonard Orzol and Barbara Ruddy, both hydrologist with the USGS. The county boundaries in this coverage have received no formal review. They have, however, been used in numerous applications where serious errors would have been obvious. Some State coverages were corrected following such use. The offshore polygon extensions and the Canadian Great Lakes polygons have had no review. Related_Spatial_and_Tabular_Data_Sets: This coverage is part of series of 1:2,000,000-scale base maps covering the United States. Layers in this set include: COUNTY -- County boundaries. STATE -- State boundaries (formed from COUNTY). WATERBOD -- Water Bodies. STREAM -- Streams. HUC -- Hydrologic cataloging units (basins). Other_References_Cited: Domeratz, M. A., Hallam, C. A., Schmidt, W. E., and Calkins, H. W., 1983, USGS Digital Cartographic Data Standards: Digital Line Graphs from 1:2,000,000-scale Maps. U.S. Geological Survey Circular 895-D, 38p. Nebert, Douglas D., 1994, Design of the distributed spatial data library for the Water Resources Division, U. S. Geological Survey: U. S. Geological Survey Open-File Report, 94-327, 30 p. U.S. Department of Commerce, 1989a, Census of agriculture, 1987 -- Final county file: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, [machine-readable data file] U.S. Department of Commerce, 1989b, Census of agriculture, 1987 -- Final county file technical documentation: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Data User Services Division. U.S. Department of Commerce, 1990, Census of agriculture, 1987 -- Agricultural atlas of the United States, volume 2: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Agriculture Division, AC87-S-1, 210 p. U.S. Geological Survey, 1970, National atlas of the United States of America: Washington D.C., U. S. Geological Survey, 417 p. Notes: DOCUMENTATION The documentation for this coverage was generated by using the ARC macro language (AML) program document.aml available from the U.S. Geological Survey (Nebert, 1994). 0000 (Here you put information defining how the time period of content information, on the DOC file, was determined) Complete (Here you pick one of the following entries that describes how often changes or additions are made to the data set. Pick one, and delete the rest) Continually Daily Weekly Monthly Annually Unknown As Needed Irregular None planned -128.07002717 -65.25698378 48.26194027 22.67774911 None Agricultural expenses in counties from 1987 the Census of Agriculture inlandWaters None Conterminous United States None None None None (describe any restrictions or legal prerequisites for accessing the data set. Put "None" if there are no restrictions) CENSUS DATA Estimates of agricultural expenses by county were reported by the U.S. Department of Commerce (1989a, 1898b) in the 1987 Census of Agriculture. The estimates were constructed from surveys of all farms where $1,000 or more of agricultural products were sold, or normally would have been sold, during the census year. Sampling and statistics were used to account for nonresponding farm operations. Thus, the information in the Census of Agriculture is subject to sampling variability as well as reporting and coverage errors. Census disclosure rules prevent publication of information that would disclose the operation of individual farms. Thus, for example, one or two sod farms may be reported in a county, but no acreage of sod harvested is reported, because release of that information might disclose information about a particular farmer's operation. COUNTY BOUNDARIES The original files for this map were provided in 15 sections. Boundaries near the edges of sections have been adjusted in edgematching. Polygons that extend into the water (an ocean or the Great Lakes) should be considered arbitrary. William A. Battaglin U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Div. (WRD) Hydrologist, Office of the Regional Hydrologist mailing address

P.O. Box 25046, Denver Federal Center, Bldg. 25

Lakewood CO 80225 USA 1-888-275-8747 303-236-5959 wbattagl@usgs.gov 8:00am-4:30pm MST Please contact thru email http://water.usgs.gov/GIS/browse/ag_expn.gif Illlustration of data set GIF (Here you acknowledge the agencies and organizations that gave you money, resources, and encouragement to digitize the data and to enter all this wonderful metadata.) None Unclassified None dgux, 5.4R3.10, AViiON UNIX, ARC/INFO version 7.0.4 See Entity_Attribute_Information See Explanation Attribute accuracy is described, where present, with each attribute defined in the Entity and Attribute Section. Polygon and chain-node topology present. (Information in wordy narrative form describing omissions, selection criteria, generalization, definitions used, and other rules applied to derive the data set) (An explanation of the accuracy of the horizontal coordinate measurements and a description of tests used, if any, to determine horizontal positional accuracy. This is different from horizontal resolution as reported in the DOC file. Positional accuracy defines how correctly the digital features match real-world features and woiuld be related to the concept of the National Map Accuracy Standard -- xx% of well-defined point features fall within xx units of their true position. The resolution is the smallest unit of measure the GIS can reliably manage without truncation or rounding.) approx. 1 km Resolution as reported (The same as above, but for vertical information that may be encoded with the 2-D features such as cell or contour estimates of a vertical dimension. A description of the contour interval of input data and its basis could be described here.) Unspecified 0000 Unspecified 2,000,000 Unspecified 0000 Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified RESELECT COUNTY2M COUNTY.NEW POLY None 19911112 1528 None LABELERRORS COUNTY.NEW None 19911112 1529 None LABELERRORS COUNTY.NEW None 19911112 1556 None EXTERNALALL None 19911112 1721 None RENAME COUNTY.NEW COUNTY2M None 19911113 1249 None CREATELABELS COUNTY2M 5000 None 19911115 1656 None EXTERNALALL None 19911204 1410 None COPY COUNTY2M /ARC3/WORK/LIB/COUNTY2M None 19920102 0833 None COPY /ARC3/WORK/LIB/COUNTY2M COUNTY.AG None 19920102 1527 None RENAME COUNTY.AG CNTY.AG None 19920102 1527 None COPY /ARC3/WORK/CNTY.AG COUNTY2M None 19920107 1423 None EXPORT COVER COUNTY2M COUNTY2M None 19920117 1350 None COPY /ARC3/WORK/LIB/COUNTY2M COUNTY2M None 19920121 1549 None BUILD COUNTY2M POLY None 19920121 1615 None ARCEDIT /ARC3/WORK/COUNTY2M None 19920122 0948 None BUILD COUNTY2M POLY None 19920122 0956 None IDEDIT COUNTY2M POLY None 19920122 1101 None COPY COUNTY2M /ARC3/WORK/LIB/COUNTY2M None 19920122 1102 None IDEDIT COUNTY2M POLY None 19920330 1537 None EXPORT COVER COUNTY2M COUNTY2M None 19920608 1103 None ARCEDIT /ARC3/WORK/LIB/COUNTY2M None 19920803 1748 None BUILD COUNTY2M POLY None 19920803 1758 None CLEAN COUNTY2M # 2 2 POLY None 19920803 1846 None COPY COUNTY2M /WB2/DB/USA/COUNTY2M None 19920804 0919 None COPY /WB2/DB/USA/COUNTY2M AG_ESPN None 19930107 1145 None RENAME AG_ESPN AG_EXPN None 19930107 1145 None DOCUMENT AG_EXPN UPDATE WBATTAGL None 19930324 1352 None DOCUMENT AG_EXPN UPDATE WBATTAGL None 19930324 1600 None DOCUMENT AG_EXPN UPDATE WBATTAGL None 19930325 1320 None DOCUMENT AG_EXPN UPDATE WBATTAGL None 19930325 1411 None DOCUMENT AG_EXPN UPDATE WBATTAGL None 19930329 0921 None EXPORT COVER AG_EXPN AG_EXPN None 19930413 1603 None COPY /ARC3/EPA1/CENSUS/AG_EXPN AG_EXPN None 19941223 1216 None PROJECTDEFINE COVER AG_EXPN None 19941223 1323 None DOCUMENT AG_EXPN UPDATE WBATTAGL None 19941223 1359 None DOCUMENT AG_EXPN UPDATE WBATTAGL None 19941227 1242 None DOCUMENT AG_EXPN UPDATE WBATTAGL None 19941227 1504 None DOCUMENT AG_EXPN UPDATE WBATTAGL None 19941227 1510 None DOCUMENT AG_EXPN UPDATE WBATTAGL None 19941230 1128 None MNEGRI IMPORT COVER AG_EXPN.E00 AG_EXPN None 19950308 1049 None Unspecified None 19950308 1105 None MNEGRI EXPORT COVER AG_EXPN AG_EXPN.E00 None 19950309 1623 None MNEGRI ARCSDTS AG_EXPN AG_EXPN.TAR.GZ PREF None 19950309 1638 None MNEGRI EXPORT COVER AG_EXPN /SCRATCH_AREA1/MNEGRI/AG_EXPN.E00 NONE None 19950919 1515 None MNEGRI EXPORT COVER /DSDL1/CUSA/TILES/CUSA/AG_EXPN AG_EXPN.E00 None 19960624 0827 None MNEGRI EXPORT COVER /DSDL1/CUSA/TILES/CUSA/AG_EXPN AG_EXPN.E00 None 19960625 1057 None Vector Point 4787 String 11926 GT-polygon composed of chains 4788 Albers Conical Equal Area 29.5 45.5 -96 23 0.0 0.0 coordinate pair 1.0 1.0 METERS Unknown Clarke 1866 6378206.4 294.98 AG_EXPN.PAT Polygon attribute table ARC/INFO coverage AREA Area of polygon in square coverage units (meters) Computed Positive real numbers unspecified unspecified PERIMETER Perimeter of polygon in coverage units (meters) Computed Positive real numbers unspecified unspecified AG_EXPN# Internal feature number Computed Sequential unique positive integer unspecified unspecified AG_EXPN-ID User-assigned feature number User-defined Integer unspecified unspecified FIPS 5-digit county FIPS code Federal Information Processing Standard 01001 - 56998, none = 0 unspecified unspecified ST two-character state abbreviation U.S. Postal Service AL - WY, none = blank unspecified unspecified CNTYNAME County name U.S. Geological Survey Files upper-case alphanumeric, none = blank unspecified unspecified PLYTYPE polygon type: 0=county land, other are lakes, estuaries, etc. see narrative 0-4,9 unspecified unspecified WORKB variable used for data processing n/a any integer unspecified unspecified AREA.ACRES total county land area (all polygons) in acres calculated from areas of polygons with like FIPS code and PLYTYPE=0 numeric values greater than 0, missing = -99.00 unspecified unspecified CA0275 Total farm production expenses, 1987 ($1,000) U.S. Department of Commerce, 1989a numeric values greater than 0, missing = -99 unspecified unspecified CA0279 Expenses for livestock and poultry purchased, 1987 ($1,000) U.S. Department of Commerce, 1989a numeric values greater than 0, missing = -99 unspecified unspecified CA0283 Expenses for feed for livestock and poultry, 1987 ($1,000) U.S. Department of Commerce, 1989a numeric values greater than 0, missing = -99 unspecified unspecified CA0291 Expenses for seeds, bulbs, plants, and trees, 1987 ($1,000) U.S. Department of Commerce, 1989a numeric values greater than 0, missing = -99 unspecified unspecified CA0295 Expenses for commercial fertilizer, 1987 ($1,000) U.S. Department of Commerce, 1989a numeric values greater than 0, missing = -99 unspecified unspecified CA0299 Expenses for agricultural chemicals, 1987 ($1,000) U.S. Department of Commerce, 1989a numeric values greater than 0, missing = -99 unspecified unspecified CA0303 Expenses for petroleum products, 1987 ($1,000) U.S. Department of Commerce, 1989a numeric values greater than 0, missing = -99 unspecified unspecified CA0323 Expenses for electricity, 1987 ($1,000) U.S. Department of Commerce, 1989a numeric values greater than 0, missing = -99 unspecified unspecified CA0327 Expenses for hired farm labor, 1987 ($1,000) U.S. Department of Commerce, 1989a numeric values greater than 0, missing = -99 unspecified unspecified CA0331 Expenses for contract labor, 1987 ($1,000) U.S. Department of Commerce, 1989a numeric values greater than 0, missing = -99 unspecified unspecified CA0341 Expenses for interest paid, 1987 ($1,000) U.S. Department of Commerce, 1989a numeric values greater than 0, missing = -99 unspecified unspecified CA0350 Expenses for property taxes paid, 1987 ($1,000) U.S. Department of Commerce, 1989a numeric values greater than 0, missing = -99 unspecified unspecified FIPSST two-digit state FIPS code Federal Information Processing Standard 01 - 56, none = 0 unspecified unspecified FIPSCNTY three-digit county FIPS code Federal Information Processing Standard 001 - 998, missing = 0 unspecified unspecified AG_EXPN.AAT line attribute table ARC/INFO file FNODE# Internal number of from-node Computed Sequential unique positive integer unspecified unspecified TNODE# Internal number of to-node Computed Sequential unique positive integer unspecified unspecified LPOLY# Internal number of polygon to left of arc Computed Sequential unique positive integer unspecified unspecified RPOLY# Internal number of polygon to right of arc Computed Sequential unique positive integer unspecified unspecified LENGTH Length of arc in coverage units (meters) Computed Positive real numbers unspecified unspecified AG_EXPN# Internal feature number Computed Sequential unique positive integer unspecified unspecified AG_EXPN-ID User-assigned feature number User-defined Integer unspecified unspecified BNDTYPE boundary type see narrative 0-8 unspecified unspecified CENSUS ATTRIBUTES All census attributes were extracted from tabular data files provided by the U.S. Department of Commerce (1989a). Data are reported in either thousands of dollars, number, acres, or percent of county. Attribute names are keyed to field names found in the technical documentation of the the Census of Agriculture (U.S. Department of Commerce, 1989b). Specifically, the four-digit number at the end of the ARC/INFO item name matches the field-name numbers in the technical-documentation reference. Complete definitions of attributes and terms used in the census can be found in U.S. Department of Commerce (1989b; 1990). Twelve attributes from the 1987 Census of Agriculture were added to an ARC/INFO coverage of agricultural expenses estimates. The coverage name, attribute names, and short attribute descriptions are listed in table 1. Attribute names beginning with CA represent data fields transferred directly from the census tabular data files. Attribute names beginning with PCT are percent-of-county attributes, and represent relative intensities of an agricultural practice. Attributes reported as percent of county were calculated as the attribute value (in acres) divided by the county polygon area (in acres) multiplied by 100. Table 1. 1987 Census of Agriculture agricultural expenses estimates coverage name, attribute names, and short attribute descriptions __________________________________________________________________________ AG_EXPN--Coverage of agricultural expenses estimates from the 1987 Census of Agriculture __________________________________________________________________________ Attribute name Description __________________________________________________________________________ CA0275 Total farm production expenses, 1987 ($1,000) Expenses for-- CA0279 Livestock and poultry purchased, 1987 ($1,000) CA0283 Feed for livestock and poultry, 1987 ($1,000) CA0291 Seeds, bulbs, plants, and trees, 1987 ($1,000) CA0295 Commercial fertilizer, 1987 ($1,000) CA0299 Agricultural chemicals, 1987 ($1,000) CA0303 Petroleum products, 1987 ($1,000) CA0323 Electricity, 1987 ($1,000) CA0327 Hired farm labor, 1987 ($1,000) CA0331 Contract labor, 1987 ($1,000) CA0341 Interest paid, 1987 ($1,000) CA0350 Property taxes paid, 1987 ($1,000) __________________________________________________________________________ Census estimates for counties represented by one polygon are equal to county totals. For counties described by more than one polygon, attribute values are provided for each polygon and are calculated as the county total multiplied by the ratio of the area of each county polygon divided by the total area of the county. A missing-value code of -99 is used when no census-attribute data are given for a county, and for all nonland-area polygons. A missing-value code in a county land polygon could indicate any of the following condition: --agricultural practice not present in county (for example, no corn grown in county) --data withheld because of census disclosure rules --data not available to census --data not published because county contains less than 10 farms --data not applicable COUNTY POLYGON ATTRIBUTES Each county is identified by a five-digit Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) code. The first two digits represent the state and the three remaining represent the county within State. County names (in upper case) and the two-character State abbreviation also are included. All polygons are coded by polygon type (PLYTYPE) as follows: 0 = U.S. land. 1 = Extensions of counties into the ocean and estuaries. Some boundaries may be arbitrary. 2 = U.S. Great Lakes. Some boundaries between counties may be arbitrary. 3 = Canadian Great Lakes. 4 = Canadian islands in Great Lakes, included for visual cartographic purposes. 9 = External polygon. All arcs are coded by boundary type (BNDTYPE) as follows: 0 = Coastline of United States. 1 = State-State border occurring on land. 2 = County-county border, within state, occurring on land. 3 = State-State border occurring on the ocean, an estuary, or a Great Lake. Some of these borders are arbitrary. 4 = County-county border, with State, but occurring on the ocean, an estuary, or a Great Lake. Some of these borders are arbitrary. 5 = International border occurring on land. 6 = International border occurring on water. 7 = Canadian shoreline of the Great Lakes. 8 = Arbitrary separation line between the Canadian portions of the Great Lakes. 9 = Closure line with the external polygon. This is arbitrary. All BNDTYPE values are determined from the adjoining polygons by the routine, INDEX_COUNTY.AML. The coverage is indexed (ARC: INDEXITEM) on FIPS code, State FIPS code, State abbreviation, county name, polygon type, and boundary type. Not Available U.S. Geological Survey Ask USGS - Water Webserver Team mailing

445 National Center

Reston VA 20192 1-888-275-8747 (1-888-ASK-USGS) http://water.usgs.gov/user_feedback_form.html Although this data set has been used by the U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior, no warranty expressed or implied is made by the U.S. Geological Survey as to the accuracy of the data and related materials. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the U.S. Geological Survey in the use of this data, software, or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Export Full coverage zipped 3.38 MB http://water.usgs.gov/GIS/dsdl/ag_expn.e00.gz Export Full coverage winzip 3.50 MB http://water.usgs.gov/GIS/dsdl/ag_expn.e00.zip SDTS Full coverage winzip 2.78 MB http://water.usgs.gov/GIS/dsdl/ag_expn.sdts.zip SDTS Full coverage zipped 2.71 MB http://water.usgs.gov/GIS/dsdl/ag_expn.sdts.tgz None. This dataset is provided by USGS as a public service. 20041108 U.S. Geological Survey Ask USGS -- Water Webserver Team mailing

445 National Center

Reston VA 20192 1-888-275-8747 (1-888-ASK-USGS) http://answers.usgs.gov/cgi-bin/gsanswers?pemail=h2oteam&subject=GIS+Dataset+ag_expn FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998